r ii i: 



302 



T ii i: 





the Kop'.ian km-,. In the re 

 about hi. 86, n 



it a taken mill \> 

 the tune o 



by tl.- 



and the circuit of tin- city, 



!. amounted to eighty stadia, the 



. .illlliiT of \illaire-. iiml wlml remained 



of tlu' antieut . .in-fly of temples. I'mler 



tin- Kiiiuan dominion souicthini: appears to have been done 



: hut new cala- 



miii, i it when Christianity was introduced 



into I .1 llu- rliristians in their religion 



1 tii themselves as much a 



could "of the w ant ienl idolater*. At present 



,,picil by tour principal villages, 



,.1111011 and Mcdi- 



Uxni on tl.. side ni the river. The buildings 



culpturcs still extant are the most autient of any that 



:ypt. and are the licst and mo>t genuine speci- 



iii art and architecture, lor v, e IIIIM- 

 reason to believe that by far the greatest P art ol 1lll ' nl 



jit Lad yet experienced i. 



fluen. . 'hat' i.-. lout: before the IVrsian inva- 



sion, iiiins. chielly consisting of tin 



! obelisks, occupy nearly the whole 

 of the \alley of the Nile, a Ijp 



d "on the western .side, where the mills of 

 '> cud, there begins, us it wcic, the city of tlu 

 the tonibs iu th< !i their pamtint:.-. which are still 



-h as if (hi ! made on: i. For 



the articles K(,vi-r, 



,-ially tin- Uritisli Museum. 



: and Wilkinson's ' Topo- 



i his work On the Manners and Cus- 



of the Antlent i chap. v. 



TIIHIIK-. is BoSOTIA, one of the most aiitient and most 

 important cities of (ireeee. was situated in the plain be- 

 tween Lake Hyliee on the north, and a range of low hills 

 on the south. The Acropolis of the city, built upon an 

 eminence in this plain, was said to have been founded by 

 Phoenician* under I 'admus, whence it was called Cadmea 

 ;.n'a ; Strabo. ix., p. -101 ; Pausania.s. ix. ^i. 1 : Su- 

 phatn .. Kr/um . Around this citadel the city 



at a later time, and was so disposed, that the L' 

 portion of it occupied the part north of the citadel. Accord- 

 ing to an antient letrcnd, the city was fortified by /ethos, 

 and Aniphion, the wonderful lyre-player, who, by his 

 music, made the stones mine and form the. walls round tin- 

 city. iPausiini: 1. Jcc. ; Homer, Odyss., xi. 2(i2, 

 1'n \iuus to the Trojan war the city was destroyed 

 by the Kpitjoni. that is, the descendants of the seven Ar- 

 heroes who had been defeated by the Thcban-. and 

 from tin-, destruction it does not appear to have reco\civd 

 before that war, as it took no part in the expedition a<:ain-t 

 In the time of Homer however, who calls it a city 

 with .seven nd irivcs it the attribute of 

 ...di;. on account of the extensive plain which formed 

 i.'itory. it appeals in have again been in a flourishing 

 iMon. The naiiie^ of the seven gates of Theb. 

 still ; .-lulus. Pausanias, Apollodorus. and 



eond time, 



i-r the Great. On his acccs-ion to the throne 

 :'iid attempted to shake off 

 Of the lower city nothing w: 



on this or tin- temples, ami the 



house of 1'imlar the , uts were Killed. 



:idcr rebuilt the city ill H.i 1 . 



' 



. ix. 7. ' 

 a third lime i 



'liollt 



this time or shortly iilli-r, h 



iia in 



its lurm is nearly i-ircn; ir, anil it 



HOC somewhat gloomy, ll i- plentifully provided with 

 water and pastures, and the gardens arm:, iictter 



than any i iiinmcr, mi 



account of the plentiful snpph 

 and the beautiful gardens: in 

 unplramnt . intc of fuel, ar 



to flood* and cold wind-. At this season heavy lulls 



of >now v, dirty. 



Pica . ed. 



Kuhi 



been between Ii 



i time ImwcMT tin ;ied still 



Sulla - Mow by de) .iiv ini: it 



of halt of Its tenitoiA, which he a>i<;iied to the Pclphians 

 ix. 7. i : ( ~ 'liat 111 his 



ije appeaiaiii" \.. ]). 



-.nib. . In the time of I' 



then called Thebes, was still inhabited, but the 

 itiivly abandoned : and he only saw the v. 

 and temples, ol' which be irm.-a description. The . 

 which now m-cupics the antient Cadmea is called T 

 or 1'heba, and in Turkish, Sliva: and here, as well 

 tin' Mirroundini; plain, there are many remains of antient 

 buildings, sculptures, and insciiption-.. The inhaliitants 

 of antient Theljes were distmiruishcd above all the other 



rusticity, fierceness, and passion. Hi i 

 Thebaii was always ready to i dispute, either with 



aiellow-eiti/en or with a foreigner, by liirlitim; rather than 

 by the ordinary course of justice. The women 



i for their gentleness and beauty. (Picaearchus, as 

 above.) 



In early times Thebes was governed by kin^s. who play 

 a more prominent part in the mythical traditions of Gi 

 than the chiefs of any other part of the country. The 

 \anthus. was slain in single combat 



..Iropompus. Aftei this c\cnt the government of 



Thebes became an aristocracy, or rather an oligarchy. 



5, H.) This Inrm of iriivernment. althoui;h 



I fie(juenlly restored for a short tun. . to a 



democracy. \Vh. . ihatnoom ed to hold 



any public office unless he had. at least for ten years, not 

 been in any trade, this rule seems to 



to tin ic period. (Aristot., J'n/il..w. .'(. p. SO; 



vi. -1. ]). 120:), ed. Glittli'i^. Purini: the time of the l j er- 

 sian invasion, the Slovenian : called an 



hut it is added that this was not the constitution which 

 the Thebans had inherited from their fathers. (Tl. 

 dides. iii. (>J ; Plutarch, Ari&tid., 18. The democracy, 

 which must have been restored soon -. , abo- 



lished after the battle of Oenophyta. in n.i . -l.">7. 

 totle, Ptilit., v. 2, p. 15.").; In the Peloponnesiaii war we 

 a^amlind mention of an oligarchy al Tin In.- Thueydides, 

 i\. 7(i ; v. :il ; Diodorus Sic., xii. (i'.l : but this appears to 

 refer only to the influence of the magistrates, for through- 

 out that time, as well as afterwards in the time of l.i 

 nondas and Pelopidas, it was the assembly of the people 

 which decided the most important political questions, such 

 as those relatinir to war and peace, i \~cnophon. /////,"., 

 iii. "), 8. Henceforth the democratical constitution ap- 

 pears to have continued at Thebes down to the time that 

 Greece fell into the hands of the Romans, and a shadow 

 of it remained even afterwards. Aloii with the assembly, 

 which, at least in later tunes, was a- tumultuous as that 

 of Athens (1'olylmis. vi. !! . Thebes also had a senate; 

 and the magistrates, who were elected annually by ballot, 

 bore the name of polemarchs. A- 



not confined to the city and its immediate neighbour- 

 hood, but comprised the whole territory between the 

 eastern coast of ail and Mount Cilhaeron. and 



extended to the north as far as the Little river Ccpli 

 which empties itself in the sea between Kuboea and tin- 

 mainland. This whole territory was called Thebais. and 

 contained a great number of : iwns which were subji 



-. Among the fourteen confeden 



Tin-lies was Ihe fust, whence it is gcnei. : the 



capital of Hoeotia, which, in tin the word, 



,::ly was not. [ HOKMTIA.] 



Besides the Kiryptian and Boeotian Thebes, the follow- 

 inu tow us of this name are mentioned by antienl writers : 



1. Thebes in 1'hlhiotis in Tin 



Thebae I'htluoticac.or Thebae Phthiae , wa- an impoitant 

 icial town with a good 1 -... p. 



i:il. -l.'Ki, >.'{.">: \.\\ \ . \\xix. i") : \x\\ni.7. 



2. Thebe U,', i,/ in Tin:. ' linor was celeb, 



..tilled p.:' 03 war. ll 



situated north of \.liannttiuin.and taken and de>l.. 

 Ii. Ac -hiiles. The plain in which the town had I i-,.|i situ- 

 aied was known down to Ihe la' in of 



: Hoiin i :i(i(i ; \i. ;}S)7 ; 



Stiabo, xiii.. ]). . lieiodytus. vu. 4 



