T 11 I. 





T 11 K 



from the little woik in prose by Kpiplmnius on the same 

 kubjeet. The poem begins thus : 



TIM bo Mtn> rt tnt lbrt iDdo iruimi, 

 Quo nto. Chrt4>, TiU bU *no araliw 

 Alvr. iid=i iMorul Mta^lU lil.ri. 

 D quiha. mpnuii qtu> mrau mjnlkrm i 



TiAi in- 2 -*-- 1 1 ~-** u 



NamlmlfcuM foito 1 acumte* mooU.,' kc. 



Anil ends thus: 



CDeV MdrwlMU ul.i ttfiui cum rtto pruMu 



Uorm fruir. cunrUo .k- unt rn-drti.l" TUt* 

 A..t ftill ruqf UM n*r to l|o Irapon pu* 



- -""";!;?,::. - 





ibs. 



l,!i< 



7^7 



e deMM. qnl U nr omnim nfnt. 

 rni>l.K- 6mho ril tail, t glori* ChriMa. 



a non .,111 pUconl hoe mrlra Titaldi. 1 



The last two verses are not to be found in the old edi- 

 tions, but only m Hcauirendre's edition of the works of 

 erf. \Vith re-;:, e! to the author of the poem, as it 

 ,,,1 i,i a P.: -ript of the thirteenth century, 



ining the works ot Hildebert, archbishop of Tours 

 (who lived in the twefth century), and has aUo been 

 himself, he may be supposed to have 



h\ed some time in the twelfth century, early 



MS the eleventh, if he is the person meant in an epitaph on 



',,i/,/H.v J> .ritteii by Ilil.i 



Hi'l,; i. p. l:i2, edit. 15. The fust 



edition of this work to which a date is attached is that of 

 Antv.. J -Jto., but five others are enumerated by 



lliiiilliii<-h tlfr Btich'-rkiiiuli- fiir itti- . I'll, 

 . which were probably printed before this year. The 

 iition, in a separate form, was published at I.eip/is. 

 1510, 4to. : but it is inserted in Hildebirti Ceuomaneiisis 

 ..pi, Turoncn-is Archiepiscopi, Opera,' edit. Ant. 

 i-. 1 70S, fol., and erroneously attributed to 

 HilbeberL The /'i-iuniiiinn and the chapter /' 

 i,hn>it>- arc inserted by Kreytag in the Analccta I.itte- 

 niria de Libris Harioribus,' I.ips.. 17-V2. SMI. In some of 

 the old editions there is appended to the poem a theo- 

 logical commentary, written in the style of the scholastic 

 philosophy of I lie "middle ages : the author is unknown, 

 but it was not composed by Theobaldus himself. (Chou- 

 lant, IIH-II cit.) 



'\ !IKOBR< )'MA (from Snos and /3p<3/ia, the food of ends , 

 the name of a genus of plants belonging to the natural 

 order Sterculiaceie. the species of which yield the cocoa of 

 commerce. They are trees with large simple loaves and 

 with the flower* in clusters. The calyx is composed of 

 I are 5. lengthened into a strap-like 

 form at the apex : the stamens are 5, each with double 

 anthers and a horn-like appendage between each filament; 

 '\le is filiform, with :i 5-purted stigma: fruit a 5- 

 celled' i-apsiile without valves: seeds embedded in a soft 

 pulp; no albumen, and thick oily wrinkled cotyledons. 



. Common Cacao or' Chocolate-nut tree, has 

 entire, elliptic, oblong, acuminate, unite smooth lea\ , 

 ohloni; smooth fiuit. Tins tiee is indigenous in South 

 America, a-'d is L'enerally found at a height of (KK) feet 

 level of the sea. It is however extensively cul- 

 tivated in the West Indies, and in the tropical parts of 

 Afiica. The Mexicans call th 

 : word chocolate for the prepared seeds. The 

 .lesof the fruit are large, and contain each about 25 

 -: the pulp in which these are enveloped has a sweet 



not unplea i frequently eaten where the 



,wn. Th. e\cii;recn.. and bear fruit 



I'.owers all the yew through, but the usual tin 

 gatherin!; the fruit are in June and December. The coty- 

 ledons of the -> :n a large quantity of oily albu- 

 men, which hits an agreeable flavour, and on this account 

 1he\ are not only used as a principal article of diet by the 

 natives of the countries in which they irrow. but are now 

 : for the same purpose thoiiL'hout the civilized world. 

 The com;. 'hese ecds,in which amylaceous matter 

 .th oil, and a principle probably similar in 

 ilion to Thcin and Carl'ein, is well adapted, 

 when combined wit! form a valuable article of 

 diet. umptioii of them for this ; .dready 

 0:1 the increase, and under the present treat!. 

 rate of duty will probably go on in a greater ratio. The 

 following are the quantities consumed in this country 

 lince 1835 : 



1K41 . 



Before the alteration of the tariff in 1K12. the duty on 

 cocoa 1mm liritish possessions was i/., and fromtoi. 

 countries Of/, ner 11). ; now reduced to I./, and -I'/. On 

 husk- and shells the duty was ^/. and !</., and remains 

 unaltered. The duty on cocoa paste and chocolate, which 

 was-t'/. per II). from liritish possessions, and -Iv. -\,l. from 

 foreiirn countries, has been reduced in the form 

 i/., and in the latter to (/. per Ib. The dut\ . 

 nder the old taril!'v,as nesuly prohibitory. 

 The chocolate of different countries \arics according to 

 its mode of preparation and the ingredients contained in it. 

 The most common form however in which they are con- 

 sumed in this count iv is what is called cocoa, which con- 

 sists of tin .-d into flakes or reduced ' 



It is to this paste whilst hot that the h. and 



other things are added, which constitute it chocolate. The 



|iicnt!\ adulterated. IIo^V lard at 



added to make up weight, and red lead to irivc it a colour. 

 On this account the flake-cocoa is the best to be used. 



The largest quantity of the seeds that are used in this 

 country are brought from the \Vest Indies, and of : 

 the Trinidad n. nd the hi-t. Of the 



1. UK 1.000 Ibs. of cocoa consumed in Kill. -.l.V.MHX) Ibs. 



the \Vc-a Indies, :(75.(JOO from Colm 

 ISU.IXK) from IJrazil. and l:,000 from Chili. 



The oil contained in the -.imetinu-s obtained 



separately, and called cocoa butter. It may be obtained 

 easily b\ expression, especially if hot water is added. It 

 is said to be very nutritive, and to act as an anodyne. It is 

 particularly recommended for making ointment*. 1 

 and (iniber, A//HI-HI. l'.nri/<-l.. art. OBI 



In the cultivation of the Cacao a wet. soil must ! 



. as. \\here\er planted, it' it has not a large quantity 

 of water it perishes. The plants also require shade, and 

 on this account in Trinidad and other islands of the \Ve.-1 

 Indies lie placed between rows of the Krythrina 



umbrosa, one, two, or three rows of the Cacao being 

 planted between the Krythrinas. In sowing them the 

 seeds are placed two or three together in the soil, at about 

 two \ards distant in the rows; and when the plants are 

 about two feet high, all except the strongest are rein 

 In rearing them the only further care iieces*ar\ i- tl 

 weeds are removed. If this be not attended to, the plants 

 will not flourish. 



There are se\eial other species of Theobroma. yielding 



seeds possessing the | . e, but they are 



not cultivated or employed to the same extent. Th- 



ai 1 of them natives of South America, and used by the in- 



habitants where they irrow as food. The 'rhr<itirnin*i 



(liiiiziini'i of LiniKcns. the liastard Cedar or Orme d'Ame- 



rique. now the <iun:i' a native of the \\Yst 



. and is a handsome tree re-embling the elm. It. 



th on both surfaces. In 



Jamaica cattle eat itslea\c* when fodder is Karc . I'- 



reel flavour li!,<' LTreen \\-^~. and a:. 

 quently eaten ill the \Ve-t Indies. \\~, wood is much used 



nt of its lightness. Its 1. 



ik yield a mucilaginous decoction, which is re])iited 

 of much value in elephantiasis and in , the chest. 



'.'.//IT'.V l>ict:i: iinnj : Dii-liimiin. 



Parliamentary 



TIIKOHKO'M.V Cocoa nn,l <7nmlntr.} The si, 

 of this -;enus which \ield articles of nutriment are t i 

 native*) of South America and the West Indies. Tin 

 also found in the Philippine Isle*. It is customary to refer 

 io the species deseiiln'd by I.inun'iis under the name 

 Theobroma Cacao : "/'. > '///>.'. I.amarck , but this 



yields only a small portion of this mo-t wnlcl\ consumed 

 aiticlc, and none of that used in Mexico, where the T. 

 nut e\ en irrow. Besides this species, the fol- 

 lowing furnish seme of the different kinds, si/.. : T. S | 

 sum. Wildcnow: T. subincanum, Mart.: T. s\ h 

 Mart. The Mexican 'ureil by Decandolli; 



to hi' yielded by T. aniruslifolia and ovah: ell ag 



from sonic unci -. Tliat of Guatemala is 



ceitainly from an undeicribed specie-,. The C'ohnnb.. 

 yielded by a species called by the natives mnnlaras or 



