THE 



319 



THE 



incurred tho charge of an opposite heresy, of which he 

 was condemned by the synod held by Flavianus -at Con- 

 stantinople, but again acquitted by the second Council of 

 Ephesus, under the presidency of Dioscurus (A.D. 449). 

 [KtiTYCHiAXS.] In convening this council every care was 

 taken to exclude the anti-Eutychian party. With respect 

 toTheodoret, the emperor commanded that he should only 

 be admitted in case his presence should seem good to the 

 whole assembly. The hint was taken, and he was ex- 

 cluded. The emperor carried his dislike to Theodoret still 

 further, and intimated to the council that such men as 

 Thecdoret should not only have no voice in it, but that they 

 ought rather to be visited with its censures. Accordingly 

 the council deposed Theodoret from his bishopric, and he 

 '. by an imperial edict, to retire into the 

 monastery where he had been educated. As he had been 

 peaceful and moderate in prosperity, so he was resigned 

 and cheerful in adversity : indeed his amiable spirit, and 

 his firmness in obeying the dictates of his conscience, form 

 a most agreeable relief to the strife and ambition which 

 mark the character of most of the ecclesiastics of the age. 

 The only check to the triumph of Dioscurus and the 

 Kutyehians was the influence of Leo the Great, the then 

 bishop of Rome, who had been already appealed to by 

 Kutyehes, after his condemnation by the synod of Con- 



::ioplc. and whose aid was now sought by the oppo- 

 site party. Flavianus and Theodoret wrote letters to him, 

 proposing to submit. the whole controversy to an oecume- 

 nical council to be convened in Italy. To this arrange- 

 ment the emperor i Theodosius II.) refused his consent, 

 but his death in the following y. united the state 



of affairs. In the next year (451 , an a'cumenical council 

 was assembled, first at Nicsea, but very soon removed to 

 Chalcedon. to which Theodoret, was summoned, and in 

 which he was leceived by his friends with the greatest en- 

 thusiasm. He petitioned the council for restoration to 



,-liopric: at the eighth sitting his petition came on 



aring: he ro-e to plead his cause; but the party oi' 

 nneil that he must ftnt condemn Neftorjui. 



lorct had never been a Nc-ftoiian, but had all alone: 

 held a middle c-ou; i the parties oi' Xcstoiius 



and of Cyril ; but he hesitated to pronounce the required 

 condemnation till some clear definition of Nestoriauism 

 >hould I'e iriven. The bishops of the opposite party in- 

 terrupted him with the shout ' He is a heretic : Ii 



.rinn: thniM. tho Xi'storian out!' Vpuii this Thco- 

 doret exclaimed : ' Anathema on X' il on every 



r) to he the mother of God, and who 

 divides the only bcirntien Son into two sons. I hav 



il the confession of faith, and the letter of the bi.shop 

 I.eo : and this is my faith Farewell/ He was pronounced 

 to have established his orthodoxy, and the unanimous vote 

 of the council restored him to his bi.V.ioprie. 



In this transaction we perceive that Theodoret'* firm- 

 ness had at length given way before the furious zeal of the 

 Eutychians; and his courage appear* never to have re- 

 vived, for in hi- I lii-tnry oi 



,'iptTitfjf tatopvSittc iTirn/i/j). he speaks of his former 

 iiiend Xostorius in the haishrst terms. 



T the council of Chalcedon, Theodoret returned to 

 his diocese. \\\\ i of his life to hi 



labours. He died in the year 157. Kven after his death 

 he was looked upon as a formidable enemy by the Mono- 



.m procured tho condemna- 

 tion of his writings >il by the council of Con- 

 stantinople (A.D. .V>:i . 



His works were : 1, ' A History of the Church,' in five 



-.. from 325 to the. death of Theodore of Mopsuestia 

 in 421). Gennadius. a Latin writer, at tho end of the fifth 



n-y, says that Theodoret's history consisted of ten 

 books, and came down to the year 457, but no other writer 

 mentions more than five books. It is a work of 

 learning and impartiality. 2. *iXo9foc \aropla, an account 

 of the lives of thirty celebrated hermits, ten of whom were 

 hi* contemporaries and in some degree personally known 

 to him. 3, The work against the Eutychians, already 

 mentioned. 4, 'The History of Heresies,' also mentioned 

 above. It is sometimes entitled, 'Against all Heresies, 

 or a discrimination of falsehood and truth ' (KTU -itaauv 

 rwv a'.ii'-ntm', >/ ^u'jSnvf nat akifitiac liayvuatf}. It, consists 

 of fi . : I must exclusively to the heresies 



respecting the person of Christ. 5, ' Ten Orations against 

 the Heathen ;' an ' Apology for Christianity ;' besides 146 



letters and commentaries on most of the books of the Old 

 Testament and on all the epistles of Paul. 



The best edition of his works is that of Schnlze, in 3 

 vols. 8vo., Halle, l~(J8-74. 



(Mosheim's Ecclesiastical History, by Murdock and 

 Soames, i., p. 443; Neander's Geschichte der Christl. 

 Kelig. mid Kirch., ii., passim ; ScholPs Geschichi, 

 Griech. Lit/., iii. 318.) 



^ THEODORIC or THEODERIC I., king of the Visi- 

 Goths, was the elected successor, but was not the son, of king 

 Wallia, who died A.D. 419. During the latter years of the 

 reign of the emperor Theodosius II., Theodoric invaded 

 Gaul, and in 425, just after the accession of Valentinian 

 III., he laid siege to the city of Aries. Ae'tius however 

 relieved this town, and made peace with the Goths, who 

 were obliged to come to terms because they were threat- 

 ened by the Vandals, and they marched against the Van- 

 dals together with the Romans. After a peace of ten 

 .1 new war arose between the Romans and Theo- 

 doric. who in 436 besieged the city of Narbonne, which 

 was only relieved in the following year, 437. The issue 

 of this war proved unfortunate for the Romans, tho in- 

 habitants of their provinces in Gaul being reduced to 

 despair by heavy taxes and other kinds of oppression, and 

 the Goths being superior to the Romans in courage. 

 Ae'tius therefore enlisted several thousand Huns, in order 

 to employ them against the Goths; but these auxiliaries 

 were more destructive to the inhabitants than their ene- 

 mies. A body of the Romans, together with these Huns, 

 commanded by Lit onus, the best of the generals of 

 Ae'tius, having made some progress, laid siege to Toulouse 

 in 43!). Theodoric proposed to conclude a peace, but 

 Litorius, remembering his former victories over the Ar- 

 moricans, refused all terms. Upon this the Goths made 

 a sally ; the Romans were entirely beaten, and Litorius 

 himself was made a prisoner, and carried in triumph 

 through the streets of Toulouse. 



The whole country as far as the Rhone was now open to 

 the Goths, and the inhabitants being well-disposed, Theo- 

 doric made fresh conquests. The remainder of the Roman 

 army was disorganized and in the greatest consternation. 

 Xevertheli",s A virus, who was then Prsefectus Praetorio in 

 Gaul, found means to make peace, which was certainly 

 favourable to the Goths, though the conditions are not 

 known. In 450 Gaul was invaded by Attila with his 

 Huns and a numerous body of Teutonic auxiliaries. At- 

 tila pretended that his object was only to attack the Visi- 

 Goths, but the Romans also took arms, and the united 

 a of Ae'tius and Theodoric met the Huns at Chiilons- 

 sur-Marne (451 . Theodoric commanded his army in per- 

 son, and he was accompanied by his two sons, Thorismund 

 and Theodoric. The battle was short, but bloody and disas- 

 trous for Attila, who fled on the following day, and thus 

 (I total destruction. King Theodoric was killed at, 

 the beginning of the battle. Prince Thorismund was pro- 

 claimed king in the camp of his lather, whom he caused 

 to be interred on the field of battle with great pomp. 

 [ATTILA.] (Mascov, History of the .[niifiit Ui'mumx, 

 ix. 11. 14, 27, 28.) 



THEODORIC, or more correctly THEODERIK, sur- 

 namcd Mhy Great,' king of the. Ostro-Goths, was the son 

 of king Theodemir by his concubine Eralieva (Ehrlieb). 

 lie was born in 455, and he was seven yearn old when he 

 ut to Constantinople to the court of the emperor 

 Injuns (457-474) as a hostage, peace having just. 

 been concluded between this emperor and Theodemir, who 

 had engaged to assist the Romans for an annual payment 

 of two thousand pounds of gold. Theodoric received his 

 education at Constantinople, r.nd returned to his father 

 in 472. 



Without any orders from his father, he attacked and 

 subjugated some Slavonian tribes on the Danube, and he 

 afterwards accompanied Theodemir in his expedition to 

 Thessaly, which was undertaken for the purpose of obtain- 

 ing a larger territory for the Goths. This happened at 

 me- time as the death of Leo (January, 474); and 

 Zeno Isauricus the elder, who became emperor in the 

 month of February, hastily made peace with the Goths, 

 and ceded to them the country of Pautalia, that is. the 

 south part of Pannonia and the south-west part of Daeia 

 (474). Theodemir died in 475, and Theodoric became 

 king of the Ostro-Goths. 



Xc:io having been deposed by another Theodoric, the 



