THE 



321 



T H E 



the head of Symmachus, whom he had put to death, and 

 whose participation in the conspiracy against Theodoric 

 had not been proved ; it is added that he was so terrified 

 by his imagination, that he fell into a fever and shortly 

 afterwards died. Others pretend that his death was 

 the consequence of a divine judgment, because he had 

 deposed and imprisoned Pope John : this story savours 

 of ifs origin. Others dreamt that the ghosts of Pope John 

 and Symmachus had cast, the soul of Theodoric into the 

 burning crater of a volcano. The ashes of Theodoric were 

 deposited in a porphyry urn, which still exists in the wall 

 of the castle of Ravenna, and under it is an inscription on 

 marble, bearing the date 563, which states' that the urn once 

 contained his remains. Theodoric having left no male 

 i^ue, Athalaric, the son of his daughter Amalaswinth, suc- 

 ceeded him on the throne of Italy, and Amalaric became 

 king of the Visi-Goths. 



Theodoric generally kept his court at Ravenna, as the 

 Roman emperors had done after the time of Honorius, and 

 thus Ravenna became a centre of the arts and sciences, of 

 no less importance than Rome. Among the high officers 

 of Theodoric there were several verv distinguished men, 

 such as Cassiodorus, who was his private secretary, and 

 Ennodius, who has written a eulogy of his master, which 

 however is far from containing all the truth. He was cele- 

 brated as a hero in the old Teutonic songs, and in the 

 ' Niebelungen-Lied ' he appears as Diederich of Bern, that 



i-. Vr 



Theodoric was not only a conqueror ; he was also a le- 

 gislator. [TEUTONIC NATIONS, Got/is.] It is his greatest 

 glory that he was a friend of peace, of toleration, and of 

 justice ; a glory, however, which is somewhat obscured by 

 some acts of rashness and violence. Whenever a war be- 

 tween Teutonic kings was threatening, he tried to prevent 

 it by mediation ; a fact which is proved by his letters to 

 the kings of the Franks, of the Visi-Goths, of the Thurin- 

 irians, of the Burgundians, of the Heruli.and of the Warni. 

 He always reminded them that they were of one common 

 i, and that they ought to maintain peace and friendly 

 ourse. Theodoric was especially vigilant in prevent- 

 ing ('lovis from invading (lie states of Ms neighbours; he 

 protected the Thuringians and the remnant of the Ale- 

 manni, and he saved the kingdom of the Visi-Goths from 



tion. 



f Ennodius, Panrgi/ricu* />ir'v Th<"''loriri. nl. Chr. Cel- 



larius, 1703, 8vo. ; and also in his Opern, ed. Jac. Sirmon- 



dus, Paris, 1611, 8vo. ; Jornandes, De Habits Gnthicix; 



Isidorus, Chronicnn Gvthorum, &. ; Procopius, Da Relln 



< 'ochlaeus, Vita T/icntl^riri RI>X. Ostrogoth., 



'd. }' !., Stockholm, 1099, 4to. C'ochlaeus ha.s 



written without any just criticism ; and Peringskjiild has 



shown no historical ability in his additions, which however 



contain very interesting matter relative to the language 



'iie antiquities of the Goths. Manso's Gearhir/itu i/c.\ 



/{'i'-/ii'\ in //'('/'", Breslau, 1824, 8vo., is a 



very valuable work.) 



THEODORIC a bishop and celebrated surgeon of the 



thirteenth century, was a pupil of Hugo of Lucca. He at 



first belonged to the order of the Preaching Friars (Frercn 



Prcrheurx t ; afterwards he became chaplain to the Bishop 



of Valentia, and penitentiary to Pope Innocent IV. ; and 



lie was at last made bishop of Bitonti and Cervia suc- 



. i.ly. Towards thu end of his life he settled at Bo- 



lugn:i, where he died in 12'JS. He was especially distin- 



guished from his contemporaries by not resting content 



with imitating his predecessors; on the contrary, he ap- 



! to have carefully studied the cases that presented 



themselves to his notice, and to have recorded in a great 



u'e the results of his own observations. He also in- 



troduced several useful innovations in the practice of 



surgery, and was the first person who ventured to lay 



aside the cumbrous and frightful machines which had 



hitherto been used in the reduction of fractures and luxa- 



He left behind him a surgical work, entitled 



mrgia Secundum Medicationem Hugonis de Luca,' 



lished at Venice in 1490 and 1519, in folio. 



1 1;: -h. Chirurg. ; Sprengel's ///*/. de la Med. ; 



THKODO'RUS (eeo&apoc), a native of Cyrene, was a 

 philosopher of the Cyrenais school, who lived towards the 

 end of the fourth century li.e:. He was a pupil of Arete, 

 the daughter of Aristippus, and afterwards became the 

 successor of -Anniceris. His philosophical system, which 

 L\ CV, No. 1528. 



was a kind of medium between that of Aristippus and An- 

 niceris, appeared so dangerous to his fellow-citizens, among 

 whom he had been held in very high esteem, that they 

 banished him from their city. Theodoras went to Athens, 

 where he would have experienced worse treatment if De- 

 metrius Phalereus had not interposed and saved him ; for 

 here too his doctrines soon came into disrepute, and a 

 public accusation was brought against him of moral and 

 religious indifference. After the fall of Demetrius Pha- 

 lereus, Theodorus thought it advisable to withdraw from 

 Athens, and he went to Egypt, where he soon gained the 

 confidence of Ptolemaeus Soter, who, on one occasion, 

 sent him as his ambassador to Lysimachus. On till, 

 mission Theodoras is said to have shown much courage 

 and a strong feeling of independence towards Lysimachus, 

 who taunted him for having been obliged to leave Athens. 

 The time of his death is unknown. 



We do not possess a complete view of the philosophical 

 system of Theodorus, but he appears to have been one of 

 the forerunners of Epicurus. His ideas of the deity were 

 explained in a book which he w T rote on the gods (itspi 

 Biuiv), and which earned him the name of atheist, tnough 

 it is doubtful whether this opprobrious name was given him 

 because he really denied the existence of gods, or merely 

 because he was above the common prejudices of his 

 countrymen. The following doctrines are especially men- 

 tioned as characterising his views of human affairs : wis- 

 dom and justice are desirable, because they procure us the 

 enjoyment of pleasure : friendship, on the other hand, 

 has no real existence ; for, in a person who is not wise, it 

 as soon as he ceases to feel the want of it, and a 

 wise man is in want of nothing beyond himself. Patriotism 

 is not a duty, because it would be absurd to make it in- 

 cumbent upon a wise man to sacrifice himself for the igno- 

 rant , who form by far the majority of a state. His followers, 

 who constituted one of the three branches into which the 

 Cyrenaic school was divided, were called Theodorians. 



(Diogenes Laert., ii. 86 ; vi.97; Cicero, Tusculan.,i. 43; 

 v. 40 ; De Natura Deorum, i. 1, 23, 43 ; Suidas, s. v. eto- 



wnog.) 



From the philosopher Theodorus of Cyrene we must dis- 

 tinguish Theodorus the mathematician, who was a native 

 of the same place, and is mentioned among the teachers 

 of Plato. (Xenophon, Memorab., iy. 2, 10 ; Maximus 

 Tvrius, Disserlut., 22.) 



THEODO'RUS PRISCIA'NUS, the author of a Latin 

 medical work, which is still extant, and which sometimes 

 goes under the name of 'Ocfarius Huratianus. He was a 

 pupil of Vindiciauus, and is supposed to have lived at the 

 court of the emperors of Constantinople in the fourth cen- 

 tury alter Christ. He belonged to the sect of the Empi- 

 rici, but appears to have also mixed up some opinions of 

 the Methodici, and even of the Dogmatici. His work, 

 which is not of much value, is entitled ' Reium Medica- 

 rum Libri Quatuor,' and is written in a barbarous Latin 

 style. The first book treats of external disorders, the 

 second of internal, the third of female diseases, and the 

 fourth of physiology, &c. It was first published in 1532, 

 fol., at Strassburg, and also in the same year at Basle, 

 4to. ; of these two editions, the former is the more com- 

 plete, the latter the more correctly printed. A new edi- 

 tion was undertaken by J. M. Bernhold, of which the iiist 

 volume was published in 8vo., without place or date, at 

 Ansbach in 1791 ; but which, in consequence of the edi- 

 tor's death, has never been completed. Another work, 

 entitled ' Diaeta, seu de Salutaribus Rebus Liber,' has 

 been attributed to Theodorus Priscianus, but (as Choulant 

 thinks; incorrectly. It was first published together with 

 ' Hildegardis Physica,' Argentor., 1533, fol. It first ap- 

 peared in a separate form at Halle, 1632, 8vo., edited by 

 G. E. Schreiner, and was afterwards inserted in Rivinus's 

 collection of antient physicians, Leipzig, 1654, 8vo. (Hal- 

 ler's Hiblinth. Medic. Pract. ; Sprengel's Hint, de la Med. ; 

 Choulant's Handbuch der Bucherkunde fur die Aeltere 

 Medicin.) 



THEODO'RUS, or DIODO'RUS, OF TARSUS, of a 

 noble and very distinguished family, lived in the fourth 

 century of our sera, and was most probably born at Antioch. 

 He studied under Sylvanus Tarsensis ; and after having 

 taken orders, he first became priest, and then Archiman- 

 drita at Antioch. The Catholic churches of this town 

 having been shut up by order of the emperor Valens ( A.D. 

 364-378), who was an adherent of A nanism, Theodorus 



VOL, XXIV, 2 T 



