T II K 





T II K 



fter tin- death of . ilitics 



broke nut am. <>, uml he 



in engaging some of 111. .1 the 



service ol tin 1 finpiu p:u j t however of the 



subject* of Kriligern, tirrd of th. . -.icliy, 



made Alhanaric thi-ir knur, who conehui. . with 



losius at Constantinople v.i). i'.^l . Allianaric in- 



ilut not long Mirvive llir conclusion dl ' 



. wlio wnv plciiscd with the kind treat- 

 ment they had received from '] . willing;. 

 nutted to him. and numbers of thriu enlisted undiT the 

 andard. The treaty of the king and th. 



..'i-'w.d In ML parate 



i.ithic duels, who piuniiscd to become 



.lihlul allies ol' the Romans. Lands were th- 



; In the Vi-i-(;oth- in Thrace and Lower Mocsia 

 i the banks ol' the Danube 

 . and re- 

 in Pnrygia and I.ydia. The con- 

 ditions on which (lie GoUU Hlbjectl of the 

 Komaii empire are imperl'eetlv known: thus inn -h onl\ 



:;nn. tliat they acknowledged the sovereignty of 

 Koine without submitting to her laws or the jurisdiction of 

 her masristiatcs ; their chiefs also still continued to lm\e 

 the command of their respective tribes in peace and war. 

 and an army of -KM) Goths was maintained for the pcr- 

 ,; the empire. Thcudosiiis. although he 

 had felt obliged, for the safety of liis dominions, lo make 



- (1 in persuading tile Goths 



that all were the voluntary acts of his own sineeie friend- 

 ship towards them. The conduct of the emperor, certainly 

 the wisest that he could adopt under existing circum- 

 stances, was- praised by some and blamed by other-. There 

 < .\son for placing little contidence in 



the ) of the barbarian*, although they called 



themselves the eonfedeiates of the Romans. Their whole 

 nation soon became divided into two parties : Un- 

 faithful to the empire, was headed by Fray it ta ; the other, 

 which was only waiting in secret for an opportunity 

 volt, was headed by Priulf. who, after he had di-i 



in the presence of Fravitta, was slain by him. 

 Had it not been for the firm but temperate character of 

 the emperor himself, the indomitable spirit of tlu 

 barians could not have been restrained. On him alone 

 the public safety depended. 



In the year 383 Theodosins raised his son Arcadius to 

 the rank of Augustus: in the same year his benefactor 

 G rat mil was murdered in a rebellion. Ma\imus, sup) 

 by the troops in liritain, had set himself up as emperor, 

 and had conquered Gaul. Theodosiiis, who for the pre- 

 sent was unable to carry on a war, concluded a peace 

 with him, and left him in possession of the countries 

 which he was occupying north of the Alps, on con- 

 dition that he should not disturb Valentinian, the brother 



itian, in his rule over Italy, Africa, and western Illy- 

 ricuiu. The empire was thus divided among three em- 

 perors. But Ma\im\ishad no intention to keep the | 

 and his ambition stimulated him to make himself master 

 of Italy- also. In v.n. :i^7 he broke in upon Italy, and 

 took lauMtibfl residence of Valentinian. by surprise. The 

 young emperor, his mother .Tustinn, and his sister Galla, 

 fled to Thessalonica, to implore the protection of Theodo- 

 sius. The emperor of the Kast received the fugitives 

 kindly, and as his own wife Flncilla had died, he married 



.linian's sifter Galla, and thus establish i 

 interest for himself in protecting the exiled family. The' 

 opportunity of chastising the faithless .Maxiinns wa-, very 



MIC to him, an fur war wen- made 



throughout the whole extent of his dominions. In order 

 to secure his empire on its south-eastern frontier, a treaty 

 was concluded with (1 in 



the ports 01 Ivpiiii- and G ml Thcodosins,| 



himself at the head of a well-disciplined army, with which 

 he inui died into Panmmia to meet the i-nemj. who had 

 pitched his camp in the neighbourhood of Siscia, on the 

 Drave. A battle wits fonirht. in which the linn*. Alani. 

 and Goths, who served in I icatly 



distinguished themselves. Maxiinnswa-, defeated and put 

 to H:.. i odosius, determined ion of 



his enemy either alive or dead, pursued him 



tin. in which to-.vn Maximn- -lint himself up. The 

 usurper, wlio had no hold on the affections of the p 

 was dragged forth fiom his palace into the hands of the 



conqueror, him up us a \ictim t. 



soldii 



by the hai 



who made Lin.-. 



All 

 which had threatened the cinpiie wnh e 



calamities, 



ie western pi o . 



this period that he showed arac- 



ter iii the must brilliant li^ r ht. He not < 

 i the friends and u-l:itive of Maxim 



them every support in their misloitunes, while, on the 

 other hand, he restored to the op| if the 



west their lane!-, and i;a\e them ci.mpcii.-ation in li. 

 for the los.se, that they had sustained. In liie \ 



.1 Home in triumph, together with his son Ho:. 

 and Valentinian. 



During the period of his stay in Italy an ii. 



out at Antioch, in which the people demanded 

 redress of several grievances, especially a diminnti. 

 their hea\y taxe>. \Vlu-n these den. 



refused b\ the imperial officers, thcpopuh. I the 



statue- Of Theodosius, his v.il'e Flacilla. and ol 

 Arcadius and Ilonorius. The insurrection howevc; 

 soon put down, and when Theodosius was informed . 

 occurrences, he sent Hellebricns aad Caoaiins to i 

 the most severe punishment upon the city. Hut when 



ngcrs came soliciting a milder treatment, ai 

 the emperor that the people sincerely repented o: 

 crime, he generously gianted them a : ..vdon. 



Hut thi> gi ' was followed by another which 



as rash as it was cruel. In A.D. 3iK( another insurrec- 

 tion broke out at Thissalunicu. in which Uu 

 commander of the garrison, and several other ( i 

 were Cruelly murdered by the people, because t!. 

 to give ii]) a handsome "boy to the unnatural hi 

 dissolute favourite of the people. '11 



uncertain whether he should take vengeance upon tin- 

 city or exercise clemency as he had do An- 

 tioch. Kutinus induced him to do the former, and coni- 

 mi-.siiiin-1-s were accordingly sent to punish the crimi- 

 nal inhabitants. Theodosius however soon rctrrcticd his 

 step, and countermanded his orders ; but it was too late : 

 a general and indiscriminate massacre took place in 

 the devoted city, in which no less than 7tKH) live - 

 sacrificed to the manes of Botheric. When Ambrose, the 

 archbishop of Milan, was informed of this cruel massacre, 

 he was seized with indignation and grief: and i-ighl months 

 later, when the emperor, on Christmas-day, wanted to 

 attend the service in the great church of Milan, h. 

 stopped in the porch by Ambrose, and was not admitted 

 until he had promised to do public penance for his mon- 

 strous cruelty. [AMIIIUISK.] It was not till after the 



'f eight" months from tliat day that the emperor, who 

 had performed all the acts of public penance which the 

 archbishop had imposed upon him, was restored to the 

 communion of the faithful. A,i edict was at the same time 

 that no capital punishment should hcuccfoith be 

 inflicted on any one till thirty davs niter it had been pro- 

 nounced. During his siay in Italy Theodosius acted as a 

 kind of guardian of the joung emperor Valentiniaa, whom 

 he midit have deprived of his empire with ti 

 facility and perfect impunity if he had been le. magnani- 

 mous. When he left Italy for Constantinople in A. . I):)!, 

 he left Valenlinian in the apparent h sei 

 of the wi -1- the empire. It was one of the 



ractcristic features of Thei'dosins to cany into ctM-l hi 

 irrcat plans with the utmost vigour and eneigy. but when 

 the object was attained he sank into 



avc himself up to the enjoyment of plea-nrcs vvhuli. 

 although harmless in tin m-cives. in many ; isled 



him from deriving all the advantages lion 

 undertaking that he might hav, . the 



i-tantinople. Th 



ant OCI i i the v c'ir of l.is arrival I ! the 



final and total abolition ;hout the 



Roman empire. In the follow i. '>- \aleulininn 



was mmdered ill Vienna. who 



Kiiireiiinh. a rhetorician, to the ini|..i r,:A throne, in 

 whose name lie himself hoped to wield the sceptic. Tin o- 



. who hail allowed himself to be deceived by the 

 id laithliiliie-~ of .'' was deeply lie 



when he heard of the fate of liis brother-in-law and of 



