r it i. 



T i: 



(!-., , , c, ;.:(,. rrnan .-..i:.:-, : n mg v.lm-h u:a\ he i -;u 



.: been u- ompoation 



. Ckrittlichtn Glau- 



TIlEON.'an eminent Greek painter, who was a i. 



.uid appears to have lived in tin- time of Philip 

 and Alexander of Macedonia. He wan reckoned 

 the fin* matter* of his age. on account of his po.- 

 invention and tin- gracefulness of his execution. iQuinc- 

 tilian, \ii. 10. (i. We know the subjects of only a ; 



hut the execution is spoken of in such a man- 

 ner th:it tin excellence of the artist c;umot he doubted. 

 Plim ID; } 40) mentions two of them, 



1he 01 [ killing his mo- 



ther i compare Plutarch, De Audteiidi* /'..,'.. p. 18, ed. 

 Frank)'.), and the other Thamyris playing the cithara. A 

 iption of a splendid painting by Theon representing 

 a youthful warrior, who. animated by a martial spirit and 

 eager to light, is hastening to meet the enemy, is given by 



TIIKON. AKLIUS, a rhetorician and grammarian of 



Alexandria, who. according to some critics, lived about 



-K), but. accordine to u more probable opinion, about 



A.D. 315. According to Simla* he wrote a commentary on 



jihon, on tin 1 orations of Demosthenes ain! 

 a work on rhetoric, one on the structure of lanirna:: 

 gymnasmata, and several other books. With th, 

 oi' the ProtrvmnasmataCirpoyv/JvoV/wtra), << rules 



on rhetoric, derived from the examples of the best Greek 

 orators, there is no work extant that can be ascribed to him 

 with certainty. Theon's Proeymnasmata excel those of Aph- 

 thonius in elegance, precision, and clearness, and were, like 

 those of Aphthonius, lone used as a text-book in schools. 

 The first edition appeared a' Home. 1520, 4to. ; that of 

 D. Heinsius at Leyden, 1G26, 8vo. Schcncr's edition 

 sala, 1G70 and 1C80, is incorrect. The liest edition of the 



accompanied by Greek scholia, is in Walz's Kh< 

 Graeci,' vol. i., p. L4&-262. 



Kustcr (.on Suidas, ii., p. 1K2) ascribes to Tlieon also the 

 still extant scholia on Aratus, Apollonius lihodius. Lyco- 

 phron, and Tlieocritvis. The iirioroXiicoi ri'iirot which are 

 contained in Aldus's and Cujacius's collections of ep 

 are likewise attributed bv some writers to Thcon, while 

 others assign them to Libanins or Proclus. A separate 

 edition of them appeared at Leyden, 1014, 12mo. 



A. \YcsU-rmann, Geachichte der Grurh. Btredtvmktit, 



THEON. Theon. the Elder, of Smyrna, was the con- 

 temporary of Ptolemy (who cites one of his observations . 

 but a little older. Ihcori, the Younger, of Alexandria, the 

 commentator on Ptolemy, and father of Hypatia, lived in 

 the latter half of the fourth century. 



< )f Theon the Klder, or Theon of Smyrna, we know no- 

 thing but that he was a follower of Plato, and has left a 

 work entitled TUIV icard /taOri/ianici/v xp1 ff 'V" 1 "' "'<" T 'l v r< "~ 

 nXfirwvof dvaywuffiv, or, on the parts of mathematics which 

 are useful towards a knowledge of Plato. Other works 

 have been mentioned written by some Theon i there are 

 many of this name;, hut they are lost. This worl 



: of four parts, treating on arithmetic, music, astro- 

 nomy, and the harmony of the universe (jrtpi TF;C tv unaptf 

 apfioriat). Bouillaud (Gr. Lat., Paris, 4to, 1044) published 

 the first two of thc.-e paits. or what he found of them. 

 from a manuscript which came from De Thou's hi 



ier With ' 



thud, from the K Kaac Voisius assured IJonil- 



land that the th md in tin ', 



library at Milan, but it hits never apix 



1--J7 pulilishcd'the arithmetic, with ample notes anil dis- 



Of the private life of fheon the Younger (who w. 

 a Platonist , we know nothing, except that he professed the 

 which led to the nu i. 

 .D. 41.") . a eiime which will . 

 disgust and indignation to the end of time. The w, 



lastical histoiian Snciatc-. from \\'elU's tiansla 



ie Latin of Vale-ms Hi iirv of 

 at follows ; nnd his simple raa'i 



which it was so nni' 



rest of hii party to or at least to soften, i 



have been a lewon to Ins successors in the task of writing 

 BMorjr : There wa a woman at Alexandria by name 





~, and 

 itinus, 



-i who 

 Mudi- 



i The 

 She liad arrived to bo 



1 all the phili- 

 in that 1' 



and expounded all 11" 

 would hear her. \V! 

 ous about plulooop! 

 reason 



sion where i i accomplished 



inn. she addrcsM'tl freijucntly even to the magis' 



'ilar mode-' 1 of appi 



in a public aasemhly of men, for all persona r- 

 r for lu-r c\in:i 



aan at that time. For, In 



had frequent conferences with On>t<s,' the prelect of 

 Alexandria, ' for this reason a calumn nin&t 



her among the ('1m- 



s from coming to a reconciliation with the M- 

 Certain persons therefore, of fierce and over-hot minds, who 

 were headed by one Peter, a reader, 

 woman, and observed her returning home from sonic place ; 

 and having pulled her out of her chariot, 11. 

 her to the church named Cn-siircum, v, In n 

 her and murdered her with shells,' or broken croc 

 And when they had torn her piecemeal, they carri< 

 her members to a place called Cinaron and consumed 

 them with fire. This fact brought no small 

 upon Cyrillus,' the bishop [CYRIL], 'and tin 

 drian church.' Dama-cius the author of the I.i 

 Isidore, in Phot his, says, that Hypatia , 

 this Isidore, and that I'vrillus was the instigator of the 

 murderers. Some particulars arc added in s 

 who states that Hypatia was beautiful, and adds an e 

 dote which it is not desirable to repeat, but which, if true, 

 entitles her to be called the most .singularly straight-for- 

 ward of women. He says she wrote commentaries on Dio- 

 phantus, and the Conies of Apollonius, and also an astro- 

 nomical canon. A fuller account of her may be found in 

 Menage's ' Lives of the Female Phil. 



on of Alexandria is known as the commentator of 

 Ptolemy and the editor of Kuclid. There is a commentary 

 on Aratus which is said to have been his, but > 

 of opinion that it is the work of several hands, for which 

 he gives good reasons. The whole of the commentary on 



ntaxis is preserved, except one or two 

 lull account of it isiriveii in Dclambre's Hi-toi\ of Antiont 

 Astronomy, who that it helps but little in the 



-landing of the Syntaxis, and give- that 



additional information which is usii:: d from a 



commentator. This commentary was t'u>t printed in 

 (!reck. in the Basle edition of Ptolemy : l.'iiw. [Sv 

 PTOLEMAIC.] J. Baptist Porta published two books 

 (.Latin. Naples, first book l.")SS. first and second , 

 and Ilalma gave an edition of these same hi" 

 and French, Paris. 1821, 2 vol*. 4to.). Besides the com- 

 mentary, we have the navnvis Tpox'f""- or manual t 

 described by Delambre from the manuscript. 



(Jreek and French. Pans. Is-J-J . 

 criplion of the HUH! 

 astronomical calculation in use at the time. 



It only remains to speak of Theon as a commentator on 

 Kuclid, a character which some ^ill j><T-i-4 in giving him. 

 . that Thcon, as ho himself in ; the 



eomni, .Mi-lid, with 



here and there an additional proposition. [(. 

 p. I").").] Some manuscript* of Kuclid call th 

 mentarv. and our fathers of the middl. 



that nil thr ilfmnnnlrntiniix wire commentaries supplied 

 by Thcon, only the enunciations of tl 

 Kuelid's. For instance, in the folio of 1511, 

 which the propositions are given twice, na: 

 translation i called Campanus's) from the Arabic, and/am- 

 from the Cireek. m this work the enunciations are 



. but. 



-'la'i'ius a 

 Again, in ' I i|' ii di 



le.di Greco tradotti in Lingua Th 'me, 1515. 



we finil nothing but the ci of the pi 



ft hi- ' 'i all he believed to 



demonstrations, his 

 title would have been Kudid. w n Ii Thei m's i 'onnneii- 



:.nclid in (ireek and 

 IMVC the. cnun- K, a necessary 



