T 11 1. 



881 



THE 



af , in one of lh earliest work- , that was 



written with am .tific precision. The work 



is divided into Ifii books, ol" tin- last of \\hu-li only a frag- 

 in, ..; i, ( 'llu- matter is arranged upon a 



system by which planU are claused :i. then 



mode* of generation, their localities, their size u* tree* or 

 shrubs and herbs, and according to their uses as furnishing 

 juices, potherb*, and seeds which may lie eaten. T: 

 book treats of jthe organ* or parts of plaii' 

 the reproduction of plants, and the times iiud mode of 

 sowing. Here he mentions the sexes of plants, und dc- 

 - the mode of reproduction in palms, and compares 

 it with the capriticatum oi Jigs. The third, fourth, and 

 fifth books are ih voted to a consideration of trees, their 

 various kinds, the places they come from, mid the 

 mica! uses to which they may be applied. The sixth book 

 of underehrub* and spiny plants; the seventh of 

 potherbs; the eighth of plants viclding seeds used I'm 

 food; and the ninth of those plants that yield useful 

 juices, gnnus, resins, or other exudation?-. In this work 

 there is much original and valuable observation, but at 

 the tame time it is intermixed with many absurd 

 ments with icgard to the functions and properties of plants. 

 It is probable, that much of the valuable matter re, 

 in this wo, .rsult of his own observation, as he is 



known to have travelled about Greece, and to have had a 

 botanic garden of his own, whilst he was probably de- 

 pendent on the statements of soldiers and others eunncrteii 

 with the :i. der for his information on ludian, 



Kgvptian, and Arabian plants. 



ophrastus wrote also another work, ' On tli< 

 Plants.' irtpi foriv alnuv. This work was originally in 

 eight books, six of which remain entire. It treats of the 

 ill of plants: the causes which influence their fecun- 

 dity; of the times at which they should be sown and 

 reaped : the modes of preparing the soil, of manuring it. 

 and of the instruments used in agriculture ; of the odours, 

 >, and properties of many kinds of plants. In this, :i> 

 in the history of plants, the vegetable kingdom is consi- 

 1 more in reference to its economical than to its 

 medical uses, although the latter are occasionally re 

 to. In both works there is much valuable matter that 

 deserves the attention of the botanist, and a very little know- 

 ledge of botany will enable the reader to separate the cliali 

 from the wheat. Doth Hallcr and Adanson complain ol 

 the errors which translators and editors of these works have 

 fallen into for want of botanical knowledge. Both 

 have gone through several editions : they were printed to- 

 "f Aldus at Venice, m 15.V2, Hv o. ; and 

 i by Heinsius at Leipzig, in HilJ. The History ol 

 Plants' has lieen published separately more frequently than 

 'tition is that of BodaMis a Mtape], 



which was published by his father alter his death. It 

 contains a preface by Corvinus ; the Greek text, with \a- 

 eommentaries and remarks of Con- 

 did J. (.'. Scaliger; the Latin translation of Ciaxa ; 

 very careful commentaiies by Slajiel ; a very copious 

 index, and the whole is illustrated bv woodcuts. The 



M 1 very inferior, and are copies of ti 



the works of Dodonseus, which seem to have been copici 



into nearly all the wmks published on botanv at this | 



It appeared at Amsterdam in 1OI4, folio. The latest edition 



of II. i at Oxiiii-il. ill !Sl:t. by Stack- 



hou-, rcompanicd with a Syllabus ol 



the ircncia and species of the fXX) plants described bj 



-'us, also a glossary, und notes, with a catalog))! 



of the botanical works of Thcuphra.stiis. 



The .1.1 translated into Ccruiau by Kurt 



:ona. in IH'J:!. s\o. 



11KUIV 



others on vario natural history, which are 



enumerated with his |iluloso|ihical works in J)< 

 Laertius (v.42,&c.). One of them, on Stones ^i \&uv , 

 from which I'iiny, in his account of st< > d tin 



KW -i his information, is still extanl. Ji 



ha prefixed it. with a Latin translation and notes, to his 

 work. -De (Jcmmis et Lapidit n, U.I7-* 



separate edition, with an Knglish translation. was ]inb 

 llihed by Hill, London, 174G, Hvo. ; another, with a French 

 : .it I'.uiv 17">l. NVO. : and n third. 

 with a German translation, by Baumgiirtner, N'ii 



J 1 Ku '- 'l'c lust ediliou is tliat of Scluieidi-i 



t, SYO. 



( )f his two books on Fire (iripl Tepuc). only one u now 

 xtant ; of his other works on natural history, which are 

 low lost, we posses* a considerable number of frag- 



. ihtm princcps of all the Works of Tlu-ophra.-' 

 that of Aldus, Venice, Hltf-lK print, . with the 



'.iistotlc, in f> vols. fol. 'J )jub- 



a Latin translation, which v. ^- made from the same 

 MS. from which the Aldine text was tai. 

 edition of this translation is without date or phio 

 1 appeared at Tarvinum in 1-1X3. The last ami 

 edition u that of Link and Schneider, LI-JI 

 4 vols. I 



(Haller, Bibliotlura lii>lani,-u, torn, i., p. 31 ; Sch- 

 Geschichtt dor liutanik ; Adanson, Fumillfx dt- 1'ii. 

 Bischon", Lrhrliurh <iv Hutumk ; Stackhonsc, TI, 

 //M/. J'lmtt. : Fabricius, Htt,li,,t/i. Graeo., in., } 

 Hitter, Ihxturi/ <if y j /i//r,,/i//;/ ; Ki tier 



Philotopkit 



THBOPHYLACTtJS SIMOCATEA, of Locri, uu his- 

 torian. so])liist, anil natural philosopher, who wa.-, I: 

 about <>10-u'2!> A.D. He wrote a 



(larofia oiKiwfiii'ii ;, in eight books, from the death of the 

 emperor Tiberius II.. in TjS2. to the murder of Maurice and 

 his children by Phocas. in (Jo2. This work is known by 

 the Latin title of -Historiae Kerum a Mauritio gestarum 

 Libri VIII.' It was jinnted. with a Latin translation, by 

 J. Pontaims, at Ingolstadt, 1001, 4t<>. An impioved edi- 

 tion W;LS published by Fabrotti, i S, fol.. reprinted 

 172U. It is lso contained in iS'ieli!: :on of the 

 Bv/antnic v. . 



He also v lort letters, 'Epitol;i KU.S- 



ticae. et Anintoriae,' which were published in the n> 

 tions of Aldus, Cujacins, and Henry Stephens : and a work 

 entitled Problems in .Natural History' (' Airopiai 0ii<Tu;m, 

 O_uaestiones Plnsicae , which was published at Leyden, 

 l.vjfi, and at Leipzig, l(>~>3. The. two last-mentioned 

 works have been recently edited by Boissonade, Pans, 

 MRS. 



iii-iciiis, Jtibtiotheca Graeca; Scholl, Getchichte der 

 Gni'i-h. J. 



THEOPIIVLACTUS, a native of Constantinople, was 

 archbishop of Achris, the chief cily of Bulgaria, about the 



MI7II orh)77. He wrote a work on the Kdin 

 of Pi. ... KI p'niriXm-f/"), for the perusal of Constan- 



tinus Porphyrogennctus, the .sou of Michael VII. and the 

 emprcs-, Maria. Tliis work forms a part of the collet 

 of li\/autine writers. 



Theophylactus is better known by his valuable commen- 

 taries on the twelve minor prophets and the grcaicr part 

 of the New Testament, which are chiefly compiled liom 

 the works of Chrysostom. He also wrote 7"< e])istlos and 

 several tracts. These works were printed in Greek and 

 Latin, at Venice. 17">-1. fol. 



Kahricius, liitil. (iri:''/\, vii., p. 70'.") ; Ijirdner's Cri'ili- 

 liilihi. pt. 11., c. 103; Scholl, Ui-st-hichtc </ Lilt., 



lii. '2- 



THKOPOMPUS, an eminent Greek historian, was a 

 native of the island of Chios, son of Damasistr.it us, and 

 brother of < 'aucalus, the rhetorician. He was born I 

 n. < .iiSO, ;iiiil was instructed in rhetoric In Isocratcs during 

 his stay in Chios, i Plutarch, I'll. <irr. Unit., p. Ki7 C 

 Photi 'HI, p. 7SM- I'hotius in another pa 



that Dama-islratus and his son were obliged to (|uit 



i account of their paitiah; 



Sparta: tins seems to have occurred about u.c. 3tiO. when 

 Chios was distracted by two parties, the | <! the 



most powerful one being in lav onr of Thebes, while a 

 number of aristocrats supported the interest of Sparl:: 

 the latter belonged Thcupompus and his father. Tli 

 tlneiice of the instruction of Isocrates on Theopom]>i! 

 pears to have been very great, for although he did not 

 apply his oratorical powers to politics or to speaking in 



vet he wrote, like In 



-idcrablc number of orations, which 'd at ihe- 



eonlests, and in which he is said to have even 

 excelled his master. When he . i to leave ( 'bios. 



lie went with his father to Asia Minor, where lie spent 

 i vi ars in travel and study, anil ac,|uired great 

 lor Ins eloquence. At ti iv he ob- 



: leave to return to his country through the inter- 

 ference ol .\lc\uiidci it he took 

 an active part m the political affairs of his native island, 



