T II I 





T II I 



tained in crystal*. If sulphurous acid ca- ho passed 

 through a saturated solution ot' alloxan r dliant 



white crystals are obtained, which :. itc of am 



nioma : these are to be decomposed by m 

 tin- thionurate of lead formed is to be dci 



i. Hy separating the sul]>hun't of lead, 

 : tlio lii|iior. thionuric aci>! 



properties are, that it is a vrliitt 1 semi-crystalline mass, 



readily soluble in water, and the solution reddens litmus 



it contain* the elements of two e<]uivulenti of 



sulphurous acid, one equivalent of ammonia, and one of 



alloxan, or 



11 equivalents of hydrogen . . 7 



!HJ 



Fourteen equivalents of ov . \\'2 



Three equivalents of . . -I- 



Two equivalents of sulphur . . :w 



Kqnivalcnt . . Ulii 



\Vhen heated, it is decomposed, much sulphuric acid 

 remains in solution, and :i crystalline compound is formed, 

 which is termed iiramil. 



Thionnric acid combines with bases to form salts, which 

 i med thionunitcx ; they are not however of sufficient 

 importance to require description. 



THIONVILLK, an important town in France, capital 

 i>f nn arromlissemcnt in the department of Moseli 

 miles east-north-east of Pans, by Me:iu\. Chateau Thierry, 

 Chilons-snr-Marne, Ste. MiW-hould, Verdun, and Met/: 

 it is in 41 2i>' N. Int. and C" 1 1' E. 1. 

 Thionville (Latinized, Theodonis Villa) was a place of 

 (ueiH-e in the time of the kings of France of theCar- 

 lovingian dynasty, who had a palace here : several im- 

 portant councils were held at Thionville in the reign of 

 Charlemagne and his son Louis le Debonnair. After the 

 extinction of the C'arlovingian dynasty, the place came 

 'y into the hands of the counts of Luxembourg, 

 the dukes of Hor.rgognc, and the house of Austria, p 

 to the Spanisli branch of that family. The duke of Guise 

 it from the Spaniards, A.II. l.V>S. but it was restored 

 the following year. In A..D. l(i;!!l i: :cd by the 



h, who v, ere entirely defeated by an army sent to its 

 relief: it was however taken by the prince of Condf, A.D. 

 . after the battle of Kocroy, and hits ever since re- 

 mained in the power of the French. It was bombarded 



vi>. 17'.I2, and again by the al' 



!s!4. Thioiivi! muled by strong fortilica- 



-- of the thinl class, and one of the 



it- Khenish province- of l'i 

 tin' left or west bank of the .Moselle : the 

 i the right bank : the two commir 



which arc of stone, and the np'per 



|irt it pleasure. The town is skirted 



ie south-east side by tlie canal of YuU, over which 

 - of stone and one of wood. The entrance 

 into the town i- - : the houses have little 



a Rood parade, a parish church whicii 



animation, a riding-school, a corn-market, a 



theatre, an arsenal, a college or high school, which occii- 



"f the monks of St. Augustine, an 



v prison. There are some manufac- 



llen cloth, hats, household furniture, 



cs, tan-yards, and oil and 



bark mill*. There is one yearly fair. 



population of the commune of Thionville, in 1826, 

 in IKM.5lVI.~i of whom 1 112 were in (lie town): 



a subordinate court of j 

 1 admini-' rnment office", and n 



:eulture and industry. 



The arroiidisscnicnt of Thionville has an a> 

 Mquare miles, an 1 17 communes : it! 



nd, in IK:< 0: it 



'iis or districts, each mi- 

 ni music, classed among the imper- 

 blc to alteration ; that is. the 

 'her niiijnr or minor. The ratio of the 

 Major Tin :|,e Mm,, r Thinl, (i : 5. The 



f'jrmer comprises one major and one minor tone, as c . 



The latter comprises a major tone and a semitone, as 

 A c. Kxample : 



Major Thinl. 



Minor Third. 



-O- 



<>r. according to the mode of description adopted by 

 writers on the subject, the Major Thinl compri-es, inchi- 

 . five semitone* ; the Minor only four, Kxample 



M..J,,,. 



Minor. 



THIRLAGE. a tenure or custom former!'. mon 



in Scotland, by which the owi: 



lands were compelled to take their corn to a parli 

 mill, to which the lands were said to be tin, icteil. 



and to pay a certain proportion of it, \arying in iht! 



as a remuneration for the grinding, and for the 

 expense ol ;ion and maintenance of the mill, 



lants of thirlage also bound the occupiers of the 

 iLstricted lands to the performance of eeitain ~^ 

 for the maintenance of the mill and mill-dam, the c:i 

 of millstones from the place at which they were pm- 

 !. iSce. Thu-lage was of three kinds, ol which the 



- the thirlage of gi 

 by whicii the tenants or posses- iauds 



merely compelled to carry to the mill sii' 

 thi-ir corn as they might require to use for food, 

 thirlage of growing corn extended to all the corn n 

 upon the thirled lands, with the exception of 

 and such as might be used as food for hoi- 

 farms in the state of grain. I lea this kind of 



t hii-lngi! was modified by a provision to enable the i;i 

 on payment of a certain proportion of co' 

 tion, to sell the remainder of his grain without t. 

 the mill to be converted into meal. The third kind of 

 thirlacc, called thirlage of inrprtu ft it/ntn. required that 

 all corn brought, within the thirled district, wheiei 

 might have been raised, should be taken to the ilom 

 mill, that is to say. the mill to which the 

 astricted or bound. This kind of servitude, lun ing be 

 in many cases r . has fallen int. 



: annual payment in grain he: .ted for it. 



Further particulars respecting this ten < found in 



dia,' ait. Thirlngc :' and in i 

 in the fourth edition of 1i 

 eloiia ilia Hritanr 



TIIIRO'P-PKKA. Spix's name for a genus of CujU- 

 HOPTERA which, according to Cuvier, seems to Imvc main 

 charactei-s in eonimon vvith .\ttiln\\ii.i: its thnifil 

 small concave palette which is peculiar to it, and ei: 

 it to hook itself better than it ot[ier\M-e could. 

 mple, T/iiri>)>ti-m Irii-nlnr. Spix. :i, f. 9. 

 ( 'UVIIT remarks that he p' -'.ihgenus with doubt, 



iption is incomplete. 

 TIIIKSK. [YdKKsiiiKK.] 



TH1KST is the peculiar sensation which excites the 

 desire to drink. \\ ater is the proper object of this de- 

 sire. Of all the warm-blooded animals which are subject 

 to thirst, man alone is either disposed, or, by the circum- 

 stances of his artificial mode of life, compelled, 

 it with any other liquid; and in all the variety of 1 

 rages which man has invented, the water with which 

 Ingredients are combined is the only part which is essential 

 to the ^itist'acliiin of th 



The times and degrees in which thirst is felt during 

 health are. in general, such that, by satisfying it. the 



idcd with the quantity of wa' iy for the 



repair of its tissues and the mar <>t' their p: 



id for the replacement of the fluid whicii is 

 constantly lost bv perspiration and other di- lint 



the quantity of water necessary for this pui | 

 . according to the diti'ciciit circumstaiir 



sex, and temperament, and still more aci In.- (,, || u . 



nature of the food taken, t: 'he atmo-plieie, the 



mode of life, and the custom of the individual. Dry anil 



