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convenient, in the following description of the principal 

 places in Thrace, to consider the district between the Stry- 

 mon and the- Xestus as belonging to the latter country. 



Beginning then on the left bank of the Strymon, the 

 first town we come to is Amphipolis, which was founded 

 by the Athenians, and was one of the most important 

 towns in Thrace. [AMPHIPOUS.] It was situated in the 

 countiy of the Edones, who dwelt between the Strymon 

 and the Nestus, but originally inhabited the Macedonian 

 district of Mygdonia. (Thucyd., ii. 99.) The next town 

 of importance east of Amphipolis was Philippi, which 

 was founded by Philip of Macedonia : it was previously 

 called Crenides, but was then only a small place in- 

 habited by the Thasians, who settled there for the pur- 

 of working the gold and silver mines in its neigh- 

 bourhood. West of Philippi the country was an extensive 

 plain stretching towards Amphipolis, which has become 

 memorable on account of the battle fought there by 

 Antony and Octavius (Augustus) against Brutus and Cas- 

 Mii-i. "Under the Romans Philippi became a colony, and 

 v. as the chief city in that part of the country, when it was 

 visited by the Apostle Paul. (Acts, xvii. 12.J It still 

 retains the name of Filibi, but is only a village. 



West of the Nestus the first town of importance on the 

 c-oat is Abdera. [ABDERA.] Next comes Dic-ira or 

 Dicii-opol is, which was a Greek city on the shores of the 

 lake Bistonis (Herod., vii. 109) ; and then Maroneia and 



rus, which were both in the country of the Cicones, 

 wheiv J'ivssc* landed and was defeated by the inhabitants, 

 after lie had taken their city. CMys., xi. 39, &c.) The 

 Maronean wine has been already mentioned, and the city 

 was in consequence sacred to Dionvsus, as may be seen 

 from its coins. It was originally called Orthagoria. Its 

 ruins are still named Maroni. Ismarus is not mentioned 

 by later writers as a city, but only as a mountain cele- 

 brated for its wine. Following the coast we next come to 

 Stryme, a colony of the Thasians; then to Mesembria, 

 built by the Samothracians (Herod., vii. 108) ; and next 

 to Dori-scas. situated in a large plain, in which Xerxes num- 

 bered his army. (Herod., v. 59.) Crossing the Hebrus we 

 come to A'nos, which, according to Virgil (/'., iii. 17, 

 >K:e. , was founded by j*Eneas, but it is mentioned under 

 this name by Homer, as the place from which Pirous came 

 to the Trojan war (//., iv. 520;. It was a place of con- 

 siderable importance in later times, and under the Romans 

 was a free town. (Pliny, Nat. Hist., iv. 18.) It is still 

 called Knu>. 



After passing round the head of the Gulf of Melas, now 

 the Gulf of Saros, we come to the Thracian Chersonese 

 (Xtppvvriaoc, or Xtpaovrjaoz T; iv Opdrp), now Gallipoli, 

 which was very early colonized by Greek settlers, and 

 though but of small extent is of considerable importance 

 in antient history. In early times it was inhabited by the 

 Dolonci, a Thracian tribe, who being hard pressed in war 

 by the Apsinthii, were led to invite Miltiades, the son of 

 ( 'yp.-i.-lus, an Athenian, to be their king, in consequence of 

 an answer given them by the oracle at Delphi. This was 

 about the year B.C. 560. Miltiades complied with their 

 request, and took with him to the Chersonese a colony of 

 Athenians. On his deatli he was succeeded by his nephew 



i;oras, and he by his brother Miltiades, the son of 

 Cimon. who fled to Athens to escape the vengeance of 

 Darius, on account of the advice he had given to the 

 Ionian chiefs in the Scythian expedition of Darius. (Herod., 

 vi. 34, &c.) [MILTIADES.] When the Persians were 

 driven out of Greece, the Chersonese came into the hands 

 of the Athenians, who retained it till the end of the Pelo- 

 ponnesian war. Shortly afterwards the Lacedaemonians, at 

 the request of the inhabitants, built a strong wall across 

 the isthmus to protect the country from the incursions of 

 the Thiacians. (Xenoph., Hell., iii. 2, s. 8-10.) It sub- 

 sequently came under tne power of Athens, who wrested it 

 from Cersobleptes, the son of Cotys, when he was deprived 

 of his other dominions by Philip. Afterwards it formed 

 part of the kingdom of Lysimachus, who founded the city 



.ysimachia on the isthmus, which he made his capital. 

 It wiw on the western side of the isthmus, not far from the 

 antient Cardia, the inhabitants of which he removed to his 



<-ity. (Diodorus, xx. 29 ; Pausan., i. 9, s. 10.) South 

 of Lysimachui were Agora, Ide, Paeon, and Alopecon- 

 nesus, the last of which only was of any importance. It 

 was an TEolian colony, and was one of the chief towns of 

 the Chersonese in t'hu time of Demosthenes. On the 



eastern side of the Chersonese, upon the Hellespont, the 

 most southerly town was Cynossema, near which the 

 Lacedaemonian fleet was defeated by the Athenians under 

 the command of Thrasybulus and Thrasyllus, in B.C. 411. 

 (Thucyd., viii. 104, &c.) Above Cynossema was Madytus, 

 which was also one of the chief towns of the Chersonese in 

 the time of Demosthenes (Demosth. pro Cor., p. 256) ; and 



nian fleet was totally defeated by Lysander, in B.C. 40"), 

 who was enabled in consequence to obtain possession of 

 Athens and put an end to the Peloponnesian war. Above 

 .fljgospotamoi were Callipolis, now Gallipoli, which has 

 given its name to the peninsula, and Pactya, opposite Ly- 

 simachia. 



As the other towns are not of so much importance as 

 the preceding, a brief notice of them will be sufficient. On 

 the Propontis the chief seaport was Perinthus, afterwards 

 called Heraclea, and sometimes also Heraclea Perinthus. 

 (Zosimus, i. 62 ; Diodorus, xvi. 76.) On the Bosporus (not 

 Bosphorus, as it .is frequently, but incorrectly, written in 

 modern maps and works), which connected the Propontis 

 and the Euxine, the antient Greek city of Byzantium was 

 situated, which occupied part of the site of the modern 

 Constantinople. [BYZANTIUM.] 



On the European coast of the Euxine the chief towns 

 were Salmydessus, Apollonia, and Mesembria. The two 

 former were colonies of the Milesians, and the last of the 

 Megarians. (Strabo, vii., 319.) 



In the interior of the country the towns most worthy of 

 mention are Trajanopolis, on the Egnatian road to the west 

 of the Hebrus ; Plotinopolis, so called in honour of Plo- 

 tina, the wife of Trajan, to the north of Trajanopolis ; 

 Hadrianopolis, on the Hebrus, originally called Orestias, 

 and now Adrianople [ADRIANOPLE] ; and, lastly, Philip- 

 polis, also on the Hebrus, now called Filibi. The names of 

 these towns sufficiently show by whom they were built or 

 enlarged. 



The Via Egnatia, which was the great road of com- 

 munication between the Ionian Sea and Byzantium, and 

 which is spoken of under MACEDONIA (p. 243), entered 

 Thrace at Amphipolis, and passed by the towns of Phi- 

 lippi, Neapolik Abdera, Maximianopolis, Trajanopolis, 

 Cypsela, Apri, Heraclea, till it reached Byzantium. 



Xenophon, in his ' Anabasis ' (vi. 4), speaks of Thrace in 

 Asia, which he describes as extending from the junction 

 of the Bosporus and the Euxine along the Asiatic coast as 

 far as Heracleia: the country within these limits was iVi- 

 habited by Thracei Bithyni. The harbour of Calpe was 

 about the middle of this coast-line. [BITHYNIA.] 



THRA'CIA, Dr. Leach's name for a genus of testa- 

 ceous mollusks described as intermediate between Anatina 

 and Mya, and as having some resemblance to Corbulu. 



THRAPSTON. [NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.] 



THRASA'ETOS, Mr. G. R. Gray's name for a genus of 

 Eagles, Harpyia, Cuv., FALCO destructor, Daud. [FALCO- 

 NID.E, vol. x., p. 174.] 



THRA'SEA PAETUS. His praenomen is uncertain ; 

 some writers call him Lucius, and others Publius, but he 

 is generally called simply Thrasea Paetus or Thrasea. He 

 was a native of Patavium, Padua (Tacitus, Annal., xvi. 21 ; 

 Dion Cass., Ixii. 26), and, like most men of talent at the 

 time, he went to Rome, where he afterwards became a 

 senator and a member of the priestly college of the quin- 

 decimviri. The first time that Thrasea came prominently 

 forward in the senate was in A.D. 59, when a senatus- 

 consultum was passed by which the city of Syracuse 

 obtained permission to employ a greater number -of 

 gladiators in the public games than had been fixed by a 

 law passed in the time of S. Caesar. (Tacitus, Annul., xiii. 

 49; Dion Cass., liv. 2 ; Sueton., Caes., 10.) Although the 

 matter was of no importance, Thrasea took an active part 

 in the deliberation, merely to impress upon his colleagues 

 the necessity of paying attention even to the' smallest 

 matters belonging to the administration of the senate. 

 In the same year Nero determined to carry into effect his 

 design of getting rid of his mother Agrippina. [NERO ; 

 AGRIPPINA.] When the crime was committed, and when 

 the emperor sent a letter to the senate in which he 

 endeavoured to exculpate himself, the degraded senators 

 congratulated him upon having got rid of so dangerous 

 a woman. The only man who on that occasion had the 



