II R 



T II i: 



courage to how his d 



Caw., )xi. 





, Nildly claim 



' tot 



I lorn- of 

 emperor, thouj 



conducted the 

 ambition t 



ils of their independence, and degraded them into 

 flatterers of influential provincials, who thus obtai 

 improper power. '! 1 lo the 



measure to remedv the evil, hut although it met with 



imscii. laei 



alter on tne proposal ot .\ 



\V. - jr)-!. Nero iihca ' 



I'oppaca. the wife of Nero, was expecting her contine- 

 . iitiurn, and all 

 n1. Thra- 



philosopher bore this insult with his usual 

 calm' o afterwards indeed declared to S 



that ' ' :M this was probably 



no more than an expression of his 1,-ar. Tlie inflexible 

 character of Thra>ea. Iris refusal to take any part in t. 

 grading proceedings of the senate, and the esteem which he 

 enjoyed amoii his contemporai ' i'od of 



Nero, who only waii. mirable opportunity ' 



rid of him. li A.D. 63*11; 



'.(led the meetings of the senate. 'I 



a.ssed away, w hen at length, in A.D. (K). his old enemy 

 CoautianiU brought forward a number of char 

 Th.ras.ca. the substance of which was that lie took lr 

 no part in public ati'aiis, and that when he did so. it was 

 only to oppos* thu n . nmcnt ; that he 



of tlie emperor, and fulfilled neither 

 his political dutie^ as a senator nor his leliirious chr 

 a pne-l. :i personal interview 



with' >r, \\liich was refused. lie then wrote to 



him. asking for a statement oft!. ',i,and 



decl;! he would refute them. When Ni 



read this letter, instead of which he had expected a con- 

 fession of guilt nnd an humble petition for pardon, he 



-.nate. to decide upon the chmi 

 Tlirasea and others. Some of Thru 

 him to attend the meeting, but :aded him 



it. One yonni and ;Viend, Kusticus Arulenus, 



WM tribune rif the people. uttered to put hi 

 upon the *enatu*-ron*ultnm, which however Tl 

 prevented. Tin 'hdrevv to 1 



home. In the mdcd by : 



upon Co- -i their attacks upon 



Jnnwea. 



soldi 



Id chooe their ; : ' 



'''irawa, an-! ' 

 Italy. The : 



tor o'f the . 



was ira-va. who had a^einbled aronnd him a 



turn! 



he armed, a friend. ' 

 him of the decree of tin 







her ! 

 the lat iupport which n 



them as men uf the puie.-t integrity -ion which 



became fatal to the author. i><uint., 10 ; Tacitus, 



TIIU \SlIl.N(i. Tl i from the 



com has 



simpl' I'he 



of the tcrain may be read 1 



llirushini; is still in onler to obtain the liiu - 



\ arda 



with the Jliil, which is the in&tru- 



nient most generally adopted for thra.-hin:r corn, ll is 

 iieedl- die this instrument, which rally 



known. It requires some pra> :nally 



and to avoid accidents to the thrasher himself or ti.> 

 >taudcrs. The flail bcins; swmiir round the head, the hi.il- 

 t of it is ; : hori/ont;;: iiich 



. ad on tin 1 tin. i- p tlu> ]>art 



onally under th 



'.\\ up to be beaten. This is dune without 



'iine when M-veral men are thrashini; 



icr. If it were not that thrashing is nntly done in 



winter, when no out-door work could well be done, few 



labourers would submit to ., difficult 



me the entire separation of the i;rain without | 



;:id attention on the part of the ma>ler or over- 



li'the labour is paid by the day, much time a usually 



ind if it hi 1 by tlie ijuantity of irniin lhia--hed or by 



the number of sheaves, tin ti temptation for the 



to hurry over the work, as d out 



Win 1 out 11111:1 



jiut into a . 



e\ti n-i\c tiacts of lich land arc soun \\it\i <-orn two 

 or three times without much tillage or manuring, and then 



icst and i 1 . 



most common p la poilion of a field, and 



lajini: the corn in the straw in a larije. circle, to drive 



all trodden out. T 



thu method alluded to in Scripture, and can only take 

 where th. Till in- 



1 ines to (.upcrsede the thn 

 ) 



i imitating the motion of 



of the tl'i; 



that no mechanism could well imitate the motion of his 



iven up. ami an imitation 



rubbing nn the eai> between the 



hand*, combined with tl of a fl;.\ 



machine, irradnally produced the preat-nt improved thrash- 



iout a figure it would be difficult lo describe the 

 different pai l.s and motion innr-maelnn.'. They 



lire however now MI common. Unit it will virli 

 the f . and to mention .soil 



lest improvements in it. A rapid motion is -riven to 



a hollow cylinder round a . : on the outer 



'jocting rib parallel to the axi- .it 



