T H R 



quired, not as 10 to 15, but in its inverse ratio, as 15 to 10 

 or 15 : 10 : : 3 : 3X 10-:- 15, or 2; and 2 months is th 

 answer required. 



The double rule of three (at least in the class of ques 

 lions which are usually considered as falling under it) i 

 applied where time is an element in the production which 

 the question supposes. For example : supposing it known 

 that A men can pave B square feet in C days, it may be 

 asked how many men can pave b square feet in c days, o 

 how many square feet can a men pave in c days, or hou 

 many days will it take <i men to pave b square feet. I 

 we write down the data and answer in two lines, and in th 

 following order force employed effect produced tini 

 of production thus, 



ABC 



a b c 



the rule is Take such an answer as will make the ex- 

 tremes of each line multiplied by the mean of the other 

 the xime in both. That is, let A6C=aBc, and according 

 f>, or c is to be found, the mode of working is as fol- 

 lows : 



_ A6C _ a Be _ A6C 



The proof is as follows : One man in C days could pave 

 - square feet, and in one day ., square feet. By similai 



b 

 reasoning one man in one day could pave square feet 



Hence 



B b 



TT< = ; r Bc 



AC c ' 



The principal caution which a beginner requires is; not 

 to suppose that the rule of three (or the rule of finding ;i 

 fourth quantity which, with three others, shall constitute 

 a proportion is to be applied in all cases in which three 

 quantities are given to find a fourth. That such a caution 

 i- Decenary nrU". from the defect of works. on arithmetic; 

 which frequently exhibit this rule without any mention of 

 proportion, and leave it to be inferred that there is but one 

 way of obtaining a fourth quantity from three others. 



THREE RIVERS. [CANADA.] 



THRIOTHORUS, M. Vieillot's name for a genus of 

 birds, Si/lrin, Lath., and placed by Mr. G. R. Gray in his 

 subfamily TROGLODYTIN/K. of his family Certhiiln-. 



TIlRlbTHUTUJS, M. Vieillofs name for a genus of 

 Birds 'Xi/lrin, Lath.), placed by Mr. G. R. Gray in his 

 subfamily TROGLODVTIN.K. 



THROCMORTON, SIR NICHOLAS, was descended 

 from an antient family in Warwickshire, and his ancestors 

 had been employed in the higher offices of stale for some 

 rentuiies. His father, Sir George Throcmorton, had been 

 in favour with Henry VIII. , but, being a zealous papist, lie- 

 incurred the king's displeasure by refusing to take the oath 

 jiremacy, and about 1338 was imprisoned in the Tower 

 nf London, where he remained several yeais. 



Nicholas, who was Sir George's fourth son, was born 

 about the year 1513. Having been appointed page to the 

 Duke of Richmond, the king's natural son, he accompanied 

 Ins master to France, and remained in his service till the 

 ilukr's death in 1536. 



Sir George Throcmorton was released from the Tower in 

 15 13. His sou Nicholas was then appointed sewer to the 

 king, in which it was his duty to atlcnd the 



' marfthall'd feast, 

 Serv'd up in liall with sewer and seneschal.' 



In 1544 he headed a troop in the armament against 

 France which Henry VIII. commanded in person ; he as- 

 ! at the siege of Boulogne, and after his return re- 

 il a pension from the king as a reward for his s< r\ ices. 

 After the king's death he attached himself to the queen- 

 dowairer Catherine Parr, and to the Princess Elizabeth. 

 In l.~>47 I' 6 distinguished himself in the campaign in Scot- 

 land under the Protector Somerset ; he was present at the 

 hat'le of Pinkey (or Mnsselburgh), and Somerset sent him 

 to London with the news of the victory. He was soon 

 afterwards created a knight, appointed to a place in the 

 privy-chamber, and admitted to great intimacy with 

 Edward VI. The king bestowed upon him some valuable 

 manors, and made him umler-treasuref of the Mint. He 

 sat in parliament during Edward's reign as member for 

 Northampton. 



)3 T H R 



A short time before the king's death, Sir Nicholas mar- 

 ried the daughter of Sir Nicholas Carew, and on taking 

 his wife to visit his father at Coughton in Warwickshire 

 he was received with coldness by the old knight ; partly 

 perhaps on account of his Protestant principles, but chiefly 

 because he had been knighted before his eldest brother 

 lp remove this cause of otFence, he took his brother back 

 with him to court, and, at the request of Sir Nicholas, the 

 king raised him to the dignity of a knight. 



Sir Nicholas Throcmorton was present when Edward VI 

 died at Greenwich in 1553. He was aware of the designs 

 of the partisans of Lady Jane Grey, but, though a Protes- 

 tant, he was too much attached to law and legitimacy to 

 give the least sanction to them. He therefore came im- 

 mediately to London, and despatched Mary's goldsmith to 

 announce to her the king's demise. 



On the 2nd of February, 1554, Sir Nicholas Throcmorton 

 was arrested and committed to the Tower on a charge of 

 being concerned in the rebellion of Sir Thomas Wyatt. 

 On the 17th of April he was brought to trial at Guildhall, 

 London. This trial is the most important and interesting 

 event in his life. A report of it, taken from Holinshed, 

 is given in the 'Library of Entertaining Knowledge Cri- 

 minal Trials.' It is certain that he was acquainted with 

 Wyatt's intentions, and there is little doubt that he was to 

 some extent implicated in the rebellion. He was tried 

 before commissioners, some of whom were bitterly inimi- 

 cal to him, and who seemed to regard his trial as merely a 

 form necessary to be gone through previous to his execu- 

 tion. Sir Nicholas however conducted his own defence; 

 and this he did with such admirable adroitness, such 

 promptness of reply and coolness of argument, intermixed 

 with retorts, spirited, fearless, and reiterated, in answer to 

 the partial remarks of the lord chief justice and other com- 

 missioners, and followed up by an impassioned earnestness 

 of appeal to the jury, that, in defiance of the threats of the 

 chief justice and the attorney-general, he obtained a ver- 

 dict of acquittal. Sir Nicholas was directed to be discharged, 

 but was remanded, and kept in prison till the 18th Jan., 

 1555. The jury were made to suffer severely for their in- 

 dependent verdict. Two were fined 2000/. each, six were 

 fined 1000 marks each, and four, who expressed contrition, 

 were not fined. All were remanded to prison, where they 

 remained till the 12th of December, when five were dis- 

 charged on payment of the reduced tine of 220/. each, 

 three on payment of GO/, each, and four without fine. 



Sir Nicholas Throcmorton, after his release, avoided the 

 approaching storm of persecution by going to France, 

 where he remained till 1556. Though he afterwards served 

 in Queen Mary's army under the iCarl of Pembroke, he 

 ievoted himself chiefly to the princess Elizabeth, whom 

 lie visited privately at Hatfield. When Queen Mary died, 

 fie was admitted to see her corpse, and, as Elizabeth had 

 requested, took from her finger the wedding-ring which 

 lad been given to her by Philip, and delivered it to Eli- 

 zabeth. Elizabeth gave him the office of chief butler of 

 England, a situation of some dignity, but inconsiderable 

 emolument, and afterwards made him chamberlain of the 

 exchequer. In 1559 he was sent on an embassy to France, 

 and remained at the French court as resident ambassador 

 ill the beginning of 1563. Dr. Forbes has published the 

 greater part of Throe-morion's correspondence with his 

 >wn government while he was in this confidential situa- 

 ion. It displays great diplomatic skill and management, 

 )ut perhaps rather too much tendency to intrigue ; and he 

 iiipported. the cautious aud somewhat doubtful policy of 

 -lecil with zeal and discretion. Indeed he was on the most 

 confidential terms with Cecil during the whole of this 

 >eriod, but after his return a coolness arose between the 

 wo statesmen, which increased till it became a strong 

 >ersonal animosity. 



In 1565 Throcmorton was sent on a special embassy to 

 Scotland, to remonstrate with Mary Queen of Scots against 

 ler intended marriage with Darnley ; and when Mary was 

 mprisoned at Lochleven in 1567, Throcmorton was com- 

 mssioned by Elizabeth to negotiate with the rebel lords 

 or her release. 



In 1569 Throcmorton was sent to the Tower on a charge, 

 which indeed appeal's to have been well founded, of ha.v- 

 ng been engaged in the intrigue for a marriage between 

 ilary Queen of Scots and the Duke of Norfolk. Though 

 le was not kept long in confinement, he never afterwards 

 egained the confidence of Elizabeth, and the distress of 



3F2 



