T H R 



101 



T H R 



roinil occasioned by the loss of her favour has been thought 

 to have hastened his death, which took place at tin- house 

 of the Earl of I., u-.-i.-r. Feb. l-j. i:>7l. in his 3hth year. 



.ilsiugliam, in a letter to tin- Knrl <t' l.ci- 

 OMter, on the occasion of Th ;li. says of 



him that for counsel in peace and for conduct in war he 

 hath not left of like sufficiency that 1 know.' Camdeii 

 says he wa 'a man of large . piercing judg- 



ment, iiinl . luckily fur 



himself :u: iy. \n- III.' and estate being in great 



danger by reason ..i his turbulent spirit.' 



in l.iliniry of Kiitrrtiiininif Kii'ur- 

 Ifilgt ; I'irturial llittory if Kiiylmid.) 



II I ROM BUS is a tumour formed by blood effused from 

 a vein after bleeding, and coagulated in the adjacent ei !- 

 lular tissue. It is a kind of intense ccchyinosis or bruise. 

 and usually arises from the puneture in the vein nut having 

 been made exactly opposite that in the skin, so that some 

 of the blood, instead of flowing out, is infiltrated between 

 the vein and the surface. It is rarely of sufficient impor- 

 tn require treatment, and is usually removed like the 

 effused blood of an ordinary bruise. Sometimes however 

 inflammation ensues around the tumour, which should be 

 treated by leeches and cold ; or, if it proceed to suppura- 

 tion, should be managed like a common abscess. 



THKOSTLK. [THKUSHKS.] 



THRUSH, or Aphthae, is a disease which commonly 

 appears in the form of minute opaque-white vesicles 

 scattered over the interior of the mouth and fauces. 

 Vesicles or blisters of this kind often appear in a succeion 

 of eruptions, those which were lirst formed bursting and 

 leaving tender and raw surfaces, while others are breaking 

 diit : and thus continuing through the whole course of 

 some general disorder of the svslein. 



The only variety of thrush in which the eruption is tin 

 most obvious sign of disease is that which is called milk- 

 thrush, or aphtha infantum, or sometimes, in the suppo- 

 sition that it is the primary disease, idiopathic thrush. 

 This however is almost alwajs connected with disturbance 

 of the digestion and other functions, anil is usually traceable 

 to some error of diet. It is most frequently observed in 

 children that are brought up ' by hand ;' and. in ordinary 

 . requires only the means adapted to correct tin dis- 

 turbed digestion, such as small doses of magnesia and 

 gentle purgatives. In very weakly children however, and 

 in those that are ill fed and clothed, the surface of the 

 mouth and faun i by the bursting of the vesicles, 



may slough or ulcerate; and this condition is alwa\s a 

 sign of the necessity of administering tonics, nutritious 

 i powerful stimulants, such as wine or 

 brandy. It is this form of thrush which is usually de- 

 scribed as aphtha maligna. 



In adults, thrush is a vciv common occurrence in the 

 advanced stages of many diseases, such as typhoid and 



other acute feven, the luctic fever accompanying phthisis, 

 diabetes, fcc. : in short, in nearly all cases in which there 

 is great prostration of strength, thrush may occur. In 

 these cases, the only treatment that can be applied pecu- 

 liarly to it is local. (ire at relief is often afforded by 

 lightly sponging the affected surfaces with a solution of 

 nitra- . in the proportion of eight or ten grains to 



an ounce of water. Gargles, consisting of a drachm of 

 alum to a pint of water or acidulated infusion of roses, or 

 of one or two drachms of sub-borate of soda to half a pint 

 of water, are oil en beneficial ; and so is the inel boracis 

 of the Pharmacopoeia, when a small quantity of it is 

 held for a few minutes in contact with the all 

 part. 



THRUSHES. Under this name many ornithologists 



treat of the whole of the MKKITI.IU.V, in which article the 



viewi of Mr. Vigors, Mr. Swainsou. and the 1'rince of Mu- 



itgnano, now Prince of Canino, with regard to this family, 



fen. 



Since the articje Aferulidrc was written, Mr. (i. H ' 

 ha* published his List of the Genera of Muds," and we 

 prut 



Mr. G. H. Gray makes the Tiinlnln- '/'<//</</*, I. inn. 



family of his third tribe Itriitinntn-x of In- 



ecoml 'i. der /',, i. ,(.* i. The I)rnlirxtr<'x arc placed In 



him IM-I-AI-CII (lie T<-iiiiirn*trcx ami the ('miinitlfi-x, anil 



thir / ..n-I the Mii--,,;,j,i,l,i-. 



>id genera into which 

 Mr. G. H. Gray divide, the. Tin-did* :_ 



Subfam. I. Formicannip. 



Genera: \nt lYiuui.: .(;; r.Ix-ss. ; 



Dasycephaln. Sw. : I'lthy*. Yieill. ; l-'urmirn 

 Myrmrrisa, (i. H. Grav : / 

 Curytkopif, Snndev. ; Hrnrhyfiti-ryr, Hoi 

 .lard, and Selby ; Tinnrtnr. ,,. Hodd. : 



t'httnnrza,\"\\z.\ (.Inillariu, Vieill. : CIXHI. li, 

 f/tyuriix, Thiinb. ; Myio]>hontu.v, Teniin. ; llydrnlmtn, 

 Vieill. 



Subfam. 2. Turdinse. 



(icnera -.Pi-trocosxyiihus, Boie ; Orocftet, G. R. Gray ; 

 hiri-iniru, Hodgs.; Betsonorni\. Smith; > 

 Less.; ''/(>/"/<>. Sw. ; Geocichla. Kuhl ; '/.<>thi -ru, Vig. ; 

 Mi/iii/!. 1 !.'^-'. Less.; tiri'iM-itir/u, Gould ; T/in/ux, l.inn. ; 

 Mcritlti U.iv . Hoic ; Muniix. Hriss. ; 'I',, i n\imna, Wag]. 



Subfam. 3. Timal. 



icra: Doaacobiut, Sw. ; I'rlliir>n'uui,Sv;.; .lijiu- 

 in'Hiiii, Sw. ; Crateroput, Sw. ; (jnrruti.i tiim- 



i/in-ii, Gould ; Ci/i<-l<ixt>Hiti, Vig. and Horsf. ; >'////;. 1 1> 

 Si/iin, Hodgs.; Trm'u, Hodgs. ; .17" : Ti- 



inaliu. Ilorsf. ; PomatorhinUt, Hoist'.; ;' I'tilinli- 



culu, Hodgs. ; Ictcr/n. Vieill. ; Tiiriiiigrii, Leas. 

 Subfam. 4. Orioli 



Genera: Du/uf, Vieill. ; >'///(-o,' lifi-i: v, Vieill. ; < trial u\, 

 Linn.; Mime.ta, Vig. and Horsf.; Analciput, Sw. : Sri- 

 culus, Sw. ; Oi'inlni. .]. Geoff. 



Subfam. :"). Pycnonotinse. 



Genera : Microscelis, G. R. Gray ; Microtarsua, Eyton ; 



Mnlacopter<in, Kvton : Trii-lmiilmrux. Teniin. ; llyjixipetet t 



yiihinii, Hodgs. ; PhyUattTtphut, Sw. ; Ilrfina- 



tnrni.-t.Sv;.; J'i/c/i'i/i'i/nx.K\\}\\; Andrupttduy, Sw. ; ? Tn- 



Xi't'iriu'it. I 



Mr. G. H. Gray, with his usual diligence and acci 

 givesthe suionyius of all these genera; and observes* with 

 i to some of them, that Dryiiinjtliiln, Sw.. has, been 

 used in botany: that LeptorhynchuS, Mi-m-str.. was pre- 

 viously employed; Pi-tn,]iliiln, Sw., used in bo'; 

 *.V;.'//ii, ^'ig., used in entomology, only the termination is 

 there in ,v : Cirhhi. Wagl., ]iie\i(Uisly used in ichthy- 

 ology : Paludii-oln, Hodgs., previously eni))loyed in her- 

 jjetology ; and Mii-rii]iii.\. and Hr<trhy]ii<*, Sw., previously 

 used in other branches of natural history. 



Some of these forms have already been noticed in detail 

 in this work, and we shall here confine ouisclvcs to the 

 tine thrushes, or those so nearly allied to them, that, iu 

 common parlance, they arc so termed. 



KruorxAN Timrsii 



The following thrushes are European : 

 Jilack Ouzel, or BLACKBIRD, Manila ni/ffuri.-., Kay : 

 the Hiiiff ftuzrl, .If/'ru/d lon/itntn, liriss. ; the Mi^nilnry 

 . .M'riilit /iiiifi-a/iirin, Sw. ; the lil<irh-thi-<niti-d 

 7'// //(, Tun/iti atrorularis, Teniin. ; the l'ni(tjnr<>, 7'nr- 

 du.t pilaris, Linn. ; the lii'ilirin^, Tur-l<i* I'liu-ii*. Linn.; 

 the Missrl 77//-/M/I, Tiirilii* rixrirm-u*. Linn. ; : 

 'rhru\li, or T/irn.\//f, Tiirilux mtixicii\. Linn. ; .\ 

 Thruxh. Tunlitx .\niii/iiirnii, Teniin. ; the Pullid Tliruxh, 

 Turdux )in//iilii.t. Pall. : ll'liitr's Thnnh. Tunlnx It'hilri, 

 Kvion: tlu >'///<//</// Thrwh t Turd*t Sibericus, Pall.: the 



OHZI-/, or ('illinium Uij/'i'. Cinclut ii(jii-i' 

 t. : the Black-bellied It'iili-r-Ouzr/, ('uiclii* iiii-Iiiiin- 

 . lirelim : I'.ili.is's Il'u/i / Duzt'l, ('nirlu 

 Tc-uiiu. : the Hi-i-h-Tlu-iixli, P<-tfn<-iiicI,i Mi.rnlitix, ^ 

 and the Blue-Thrush, Petncincla fi/iim-itx, Vig. 



Of these, (he WATKU Of/KL, or Common Itijijx-r ; I he 

 .l//\v/ Ttn:"*/i ; ///;///"* Thruxh occasional only : the 

 >'<;/;,' Thriixh; the I'trlilfitrr ; the Hrilii-nig ; the Ji/m-h- 

 luni; and the Ring (}n:i:l, or Hive; HI.ACKHIKD, are 

 British. 



We select as an example the sweetest songster among 

 tins tribe, in our opinion at least, and we write it without 

 [iect to the rich mellow whistle of the blackbird, n 

 the loud .stirring notes of the missel thrush. 



The Tlii'nxtli- or Xmix Tin ;/.*/(. 



This well-known bird neeils no description. It is the 

 (irii-i- and J'rtili' (inn' of the Kreuch :'--ri/n rom- 



HIHIII-. and Tnrdu Hnttm-rni of the Italians: Siii^-,/ri/M.f/, 

 in // 'i-<.\*-i/n,\\i'/. of the Germans; M.in-.. \\ ilh the other 

 names above given, of the mcxicrn lirilisli ;" and AJryn 

 nlk of the antient Uiitisli. 



Geographical Distribution.- Inhabits evciy country in 

 Europe, haunting gardens and woods near streams or tuea- 

 N U. 'Hie tlatcu of the French ii the KcdKitg. 



