T ii r 





T ii r 



tin- K.u-l fur Imildi:.. I edifices. Captain b. K. 



:icertined that tin- root' of th. 

 ; lie cathedral of Cordo\ a, which was built in the ninth 

 - constructed of the wood It ap- 



pears to he a hardy tree, and would probably grow well 

 in this climate in the open inr. 



:-f!itin<t l-'rutiertiun ttritnniiirnn'. : Lilld- 



.;;/. 



"THI LDEN, THEOOOB VAN, born al Due in 



'11117. w.i.-> one of the most distinguUhcd scholars and as- 

 sistant* of Hubens, with whom lie wan also a favounte. 

 He was with Rubens in Paris, and is said to ha\e executed 

 the greater part of the celebrated .-erics of Ihe so-called 

 v of tlie Luxembourg, painted in honour of Man lie' 

 Medici, Yan Thulden is distinguished both as a painter 

 and iu> an etcher. A* a painter he excelled in various 

 .lie several larire pictures, both historical 

 and allegorical, by him, dispersed over Germany and the 

 painted also small pictu; inmon 



life in the manner of Teniers, such as markets, fairs, and 

 the like ; and he was frequent ly employed by architectural 

 and landscape painters to embellish 'their pictures with 

 small appropriate figures, in which he was excellent ; he 

 painted many such in the pictm I and Slceuwyck. 



i Thulden's style in his greater works is altogether 

 that of Rubens, and, although inferior in boldness of de- 

 sign and colouring, his works may easily be mistaken lor 

 those of Rubens; the Martyrdom of St. Andrew, in St. 

 Michael's church at Ghent, was long thought to be a work 

 of Rubens. In chiar'oscuro. \ an Thulden was quite equal 

 to his master. A St. Sebastian, in the church of the Ker- 

 nardines at Mechlin, and an Assumption of the Yinrin, in 

 the church ofthe Jesuits at Bruges, were considered two ol 

 his best altar-pieces. While at Paris he painted twenty- 

 four pictures of the Life of St. John of Mat ha in the church 

 of the Mathnrins, which he himself etched on copper in 

 !(>;{;$; the pictures have since been painted over. \ 'an 

 Thulden's etchings are numerous, and in a masterly stvle : 

 he published a set of .X plates from (he painting's of Nic- 

 colo Abati at Fontainebleau, after the designs of Prima- 

 tieeio, which are srreatly valued, for as the paintim 

 destroyed in 173K, they are all that remains of the original 

 designs. They have been copied several times; tl 

 ginal set appeared under the following title : ' Lcs Travaux 

 d I lysse, uesseignez par le Sicur de Sainct-Martin, de In 

 facon qu'ils se voyent dans la Mnison Royalc de Fontaine- 

 bleau, peint par le, Sienr Nicolas, et craves a\i cuivre par 

 Theodore van Thulden, avee le suject et 1'explication 

 morale de cliaquc iiirnre.' He etched also -42 plates after 

 Rubens, of the entrance of Ferdinand the Cardinal-Infant 

 into Antwerp : ' Pompa introitus Ferdinandi,' &e. The 

 plates of the History of the Prodigal Son. to which he 

 put Rubens' name, are now said to be from his own designs ; 

 they are entitled, 'De verlooren Soon, door P. P. Rubens. 

 Th. \ an Thulden fee.' Van Thulden died in his native 

 place, Bois-le-Duc, in 1676. 



(Descamps, La /";</'* I'rintrrs Flamandt, &c. ; 1 

 Alliifiin-itirit Kiinstler Lea > 



THULITE, a mineral, the texture of which is usually 

 granular. Lustre vitreous. Translucent on the edges. 

 Hardness between 5 and (i: but the grains separate so 

 easily that it is rather difiicult to determine it. Colour 

 rote-red; streak creyish-wlnle. Specific gravity :H(.V. 



Before the blowpipe fuse- with carbonate of soda into a 



;-.h-whitc bead ; with hoiax forms a colourless 

 parent bead ; but on the addition of nitre become- \iolrl. 



It has been found in Norway: and to Gmelin, 



consist* of sih ; alumina, 31-144; lime, ls-7-<i; 



soda and a trace of potash. 1-sin : u\id,- of iion. . 

 Olid* pf IBmganeM, l(i:r>; water, (HMO: tdlal. '.IH , 



TIM MMF.I.. MO KIT/ AHM'ST VON. a (icrman 

 writer win' l\ nil;iiired by In- eontemporari' 



who still continue- to hold a hiirh literary rank with his 

 own roiintrvnien. He was born at Schiinfcld. near I.eip 



_7th. I~.'W. where hi* father po cs-cd 



demble property, but lost much of it by the plund 



iroo] in Saxony. I7-I">. Moritl, wh 



the second wn of a family of nineteen, was sent to the 

 univ. i|,7i.r i n 1750. There he found in (, 



not only an in 'a friend : a"d he 



n acquaintance with \Veisse. Habcner. von I 



Md. among othm, with an old : 



at hi* death, in 1776. left him the itunc, 



twenty-four thousand dollain. This acccx-iou nf wealth 

 ' up the places he held under Duke 

 Ernest of Sax< -i Kammer-junker, and, 



1768, a- . in 17Kt 



leborn, an estate of Ins wife, ut which place and 

 at (iothu he continued ch :itil Ins death, 



which hap]icued while he was on a visit at Colmr: 



JUtll, 1H17. Thiinr.'iers literary n-pul 

 e-lalihshed by his Wiihelniine,' a 'comic jioem in ] : 

 tii-st published in 171>1. This short production, for it is 

 in only live cantos or chapters, was received as some' 

 alloirethcj- new in (icrmnn literature, and as a in 

 ol polished humour and plaU'uUatire. It w. 'I not 



only into French, but Dule'li, Italian, and Russian : w 

 has been reprinted entire 111 Wolff's F.ncyclopa^ 

 His poetical tale, Die Inoculation der l.iebe.' 177 i 

 other pieces in verse, did not add much to his fame ; but 

 his last and longest work, ' llcise in den Mitta-rliehen 

 Provinzen von Frankreich ' (Travels in tin i Pro- 



vinces of France , in '.( vols.. 17:l!)-lMl.">. is also 

 chef-d'osuvre. Instead of being, as its title would import, 

 the mere record of his tours in that country, it is, like 

 Sterne's ' Sentimental Journey.' to a great extent, a work 

 of fiction, interspersid with frasrinciits in verse, which 

 breathe more of poetry than his other productions of that 

 kind. It abounds with satiric humour and pleasantry, 

 with witty and shrewd ob-ervations. and shows the author 

 to have been an accomplished man of the world, inti- 

 mately acquainted with human nature. That it is n work 

 of no ordinary merit and pretension mny be suj : 

 from the notice it has obtained from Schiller, in bi- 

 er Naive und Sentimentulische Dichtiunr;' who, if 

 he praises it with ercater reserve than other critics, admits 

 that, as a work of amusement, it is one of a superior kind, 

 and will as such continue to enjoy the character it bus 

 obtained. A portrait of Thiimmei. alter t )eser. i- pre- 

 fixed to the Gth volume of the 'Nene Bibliothek der Sch.'i- 

 nen 'Wis.-cnschuften,' a complete edition of his works, in 

 six volumes. 



.liiiden's Ij'.i-irnn : Schiller's Kfritirrt* Prti*<iinrhffirhrif- 



Wiichler's i'(ir/t'tti>in 



THl'N, :i town in the canton of Hern in Switzerland, 

 situated on the river Aar, about a mile below 

 from the lake of the same name. Part of the town Mam! 

 on an island formed by the liver, and part is on the ri<rht 

 bank, at the foot of a hill, on which is built the castle, the 

 keep of which was, in the middle aces, the reside'; 

 the counts of Thun. On the opposite or southern side are 

 seen the Alps of the Uberland, covered with perpetual 

 snow. The parish church, with its loftv tower, is a re- 

 markable buildinic. There are also a handsome town- 

 au hospital, an orphan asylum, a public library of 

 7(XK) volumes, and a military school tor the artillery and 

 cntrinecr corps of the federal sen ice. [SWITZERLAND.] 

 The population of Thun amounted, by the la-t ecu 

 4833 inhabitants. fLen-ihe. nirlnnintin 'liqtir 



Xl'i/ixtn/ii" (/- /'i S,/(*,v, 1-. 



The lake of Thun. Thnuersee in German, is 14 miles 

 long from south ih-wesl. about three miles in its 



-1 width, and about 7lX' feet deep. Its surface is 

 17^1 feet abo\e the sea. The Aar. coming from the lake 

 ol'Bn< Hiilh-ea-t end. and issues from 



it at the opposite cMrcmiH. Ttie Kander, swelled by the 

 Simmen. also entei-s the lake from the south. The lake 

 abounds with fish : and its banks, planted with vineyards 

 in some places, and risiujr abruptly to steep mountains in 



. afford a variety of scenery. ' A steam-boat plies on 

 the lake. 



TIMMiKRO, CARL PF.TTF.R. an eminent Sw, 

 traveller and botanist, and professor of natural history in 

 the mmersily of I'psil. was born on the llth ol 

 her, 17-W. at .lonkopini: in Sweden, where his father was 

 a eleriryman. He was early scut to the un; 



for the purpose of studying luedicinc, and became 

 a pupil of the creat Linnnrus'. Vnder his instruction he 

 acquired that taste for natural histoiy which ably 



iiished the school of l.iun:ens. und whii-h has ^ivcn 

 to the world so many famous naturalists. . uni- 



pleted his course of study, lie irii'dnateil in 1770. and 

 WM honoured by havii d upon him the Kohrcnn 



i lor the spac<' of three years. Although the sum 

 WM small, about fifteen pound- per annum, he determined 

 to use it for the purposes of improvement, and accordingly 



