T I H 





'I 1 I M 



part in public 



, ami .'i Hi, 



> the in- 



st cam- 



During thU time Tiberius took a 

 affairs. He defended the 



.1 |f .,. , ,.; ( tff ; .- i : ' > 



TheauJiMM : he WM active in obU 

 habitanU of 1-aodic, iti 



X suffered from an cartl 

 MuUace of the senate: i 

 C*pio, who had conspired against 

 lor hih treason and 



.... . .. .. 



:or. and succeeded in Watering 



lUMMI to lhe Ihron* <!' Ann. ma. i-.nil in Imciug the 

 uan to surrender the eagles which they Imd t;iken 

 issiis. He returned to Home in IS in. During 

 inniand in Gallia Comata, the peace 

 n-h proM: '.bird b\ depute- between the 



princes a . Uuians, 



In 1") u.r. lie and his brother Dm-us brought the Alpine 

 nations of Rhaetia to obedience. He also put an end to 

 the war in Pannonia, which had lasted since 18 B.C., and 

 viminatcd by subduing the Brcuei, the Scor- 

 . and the Dalmatae, who were allied with the Pan- 

 noni, The Germani having defeated M. 



Lollius and taken ; >!' the fifth legion in 10 



HIS Paterculus, li. 117 , Drusus was sent to the 

 Rhine, and Tiberius returned to Rome, where lie 



.1 his first triumph. In the Rhaetian war Tiberius 

 had shown irreat military skill, but the Romans carried 

 on the war with unheard of cruelties against the inha- 

 bitants, of whom the majority were killed or c 



In memory of liis victories, a monument 

 reeled at Torba now Monaco, in the neighbourhood 

 of Ni//a . on which the n ty-live Rhaetian tribes 



were inscribed. I'hnius. Hixt, \nt., in. '24.} In 13 B.C. 

 Tiberius was appointed consul, together with 1'. Quintilius 



'ied on the war in Germany 



with irreat Micros ; but in 9 H.C., on his retreat from the 

 banks of the Kibe to the Rhine, he had a fall from his 

 horse, which proved fatal. Tiberius was then at Puvia, 

 but as soon as he was informed of this accident, he 

 ied to Germany, and arrived in the camp of his 

 brother, near the Ysse'l and the Rhine, just before he died. 

 Tiberius led the army to Mainz ' Moiruntiacum . He 

 ordered the body of his brother to be carried to Rome, 

 Mild he accompanied it on foot. Alter discharging this 

 pious duty, lie returned to Germany. In the new war with 



. iherius at first defeated them, and 



planted -lu.iHHl SiL'ainbri from the right bank of the lower 

 Rhine to the left bank: but lie afterwards em 

 peace ures, and by negotiation he obtained more 



influence over them than his brother Drusus by all his 

 :ies. (VclleiusPatercnhis.ii.y7: Tacitus. Annul.. 

 ii. 2<i. He !!! tin; command in Germany in 7 H.I:., and 

 returned to Rome, where he celebrated his second triumph, 

 and i. .;-ul lor the second time in the same, year. 



Tiberius was now at the height of his lame : lie was re- 

 spected bv the army, and admired by the people ; and he 

 enjo^ the emperor. He nevertheless 



'nly abandoned his important functions, left Rome, 

 and, i ng his motives to anylnxi 



tired to the island of Rhodes. So firm was his resolution 

 tore:; ublic alfairs. that, he refused to take any 



nourishment for lour days, in order to show his mother 



Her prayers and tears could not keep him any 

 in Rome. in. During 



ytflM he led a private life at Rhodes, renouncing all 

 honours, and livinir in tl>. 11 terms of 



equality with those around him. with whom he kept up a 

 thendly i> .'k plulo- 



poets. The Romans were surprised to see lh> 

 their emperor retire to a di-tanl island ; and various hy- 

 potheses were raised to explain the motive of his voluntary 

 . The disgusting conduct of his wife Julia was up- 

 poted to be a sufficient cause for thU extraordinai , 

 lution ; but Tiberius himself afterwards avowed that he 

 had renounced public business in order to escape all 

 chmntcs of having formed ambitious schemes again 

 Upton*. Oatus and Lucius Csar, who were created 

 ' principes juventiitis,' and appointed successors <> 

 rust in m tn very yer in rius went to H: 



It teems that he wns dtssatisfled with the elevation of 

 these two young men, and that there was discord between 



ued to go back 



tu Rome, Augusti;. would i. :esar 



hud conscir .iiiuld 



take no part in 1 ; all 



this e may COIP .nisand Ins me' 



had ] 



Casar from the NUCCCS-UIII, and t: la volun- 



tary exile . banishment, such us was in- 



his own <i. But 



osition, aii' on which a 



iiiishcd wife Julia, Tiberius acted with 

 .-li'-acy. notwithstanding her conduct, and In 

 sough' i to leave her all those presents win. 



.en to her. Suetonius. . . . 12, 



was received by the , 



- ( 'si-sar died a 



Marseille', and Ins death was lull 

 Inothcr. who died in 4 A.D., m 



which he had leceived in the Parthian war. Au- 

 gustus then adopted' 1 hi- futu n-. in 



4 A.U., and Tiberius in his tun ipelled In 



- to adopt Drusus Germanicns, the late 



brother Drusus x ippa, 



the posthumous son of Agrippa and Julia, but he did uot 

 designate him as a successor in the empire. The impirial 

 throne W:LS thus secured to the house of the Claudii. In the 

 same your - 4 A.U.) Tiberius was appe .i.ander-in- 



chief in (iermany, and he w :: by the historian 



Velleius Paterculua, who was )> |uitum. After 



having subdued the Bructeri. and renewed the alliance 

 with the Chatti, Tiberius in ."> A.D. made a cam ; 



it the I.ongobards ; who were defeated, and he u! 

 the whole north- rmaiiy to acknowledge the Un- 



man authority. In the following year ti A.D. i he led 

 70,000 foot and 4000 horse against Maroboduus, the king 

 uf the Marcoinanni, who was saved from ruin i 

 of the inhabitants of Pannonia and northern Illui 

 who intercepted the commiiiiications of the Roman army 

 with Italy. Tiberius employed fifteen legions and an equal 

 number of auxiliaries against these nations, and, in spite 

 of difficult; . ry description, he quelled the out- 



break within tin -tally dan- 



gerous because the Germani threatened to join the Pan- 

 nonians, but Tiberius prevented their junction by nego- 

 tiations and by tin- his arms. After having 



celebrated his third triumph, he was again sent agMMt 

 the Germani, who had slain Yarns and his army (9 

 Tiberius, who was accompanied by Gei nianicus. 

 in preventing the Germani from invading the countries on 

 the left bank of the Rhine, anil he then celebrated his 

 fourth triumph. Velleius Paterculus, an able jiul 

 military talents, gives us a most favourable idea of him 

 as a general. Suetonius says also that, sharing in all 

 the hardships of the common soldiers, he maintained a 

 seven- discipline, but that at the same time he carefully 

 watched over the security and the comfort of the soldiers. 



Augustus died at Nolaon his return from Naples. 

 he hail accompanied Tiberius, who was going to conduct 

 the war in Illyria cJDth of Aiuru-t. A.D. 1 i us to 



see her son at. 1 in Koine. 



; the emperor's death until Tiberius, w ! :-med 



of it by messengers, had arrived at Nola. (Dio. Cassii 

 30, JW 



Tiberius becamo emperor iu his fifty-fifth year, at an 

 both tho \irtne< and the vices have acii 



ill from habit, and when a man's clmrae. 



es. Until that time he \ -rd to 



- irtiioiis man; his virtues were imbued with the 

 severe gravity of his character. Among hi-, i 

 none has blamed his early li! M he 



! with cril most. 



I and di-: ! lis former life is rep' 



dissimulation and hypocrisy. An cxami^ dis- 



simulation is known in In I his 



real intentions for thirty years ; however. o\ his 



real character which he thus concealed. l>\it by retiring 

 from aftairs. and by simulating disease and intirinitr, he 

 made the cardinals bclicM- thai by choosiiur him pope 

 they would make him their instrument, i ITS m- 



tirmitics would not allow him to act with en' 

 Tiberius h" ight years that he spent 



