T I 1- 



496 



T 1 O 



twinkling lamp* struggling with the vapour arising from 

 ,]. and the dis.udcr and 



fill), .imimition lenders visible. 



the who'e 



having been lei' .ivvever lh.it this 



ider and cleanliness is not to be wondi 



. the baths i, fi, < I.) all. and they 

 :\ into every chauil 



these baths, ami wits much smpiised at 



bring niged by a gentleman who accompanied him, to 



view the Iwiths'of the women, to which tln-j wire -hown 



by an old -. I'heir eiitnince did not stem to 



aiiy alarm or astonishment. These waters are leputed to 



:i. ficial in rheumatic complaints and cutaneous 



chemical analysis that can be depended on 



en made. Pairot, who examined 17 



ditfcrcut baths, states the hottest at :f7. 



and the coolest at 1'J" Reaumur. There are only two 



springs below :hr , the temperature of the air in the khnde, 



: the baths, was from 15" to 1(1 Reaumur. 

 The situation of Tillis would certainly make it one of 

 the most delightful spots in the world, if the mountains 

 between which it lies were not totally destitute <>l 

 fhcv no-.v only relied the rav so! the sun from the southern 

 iiich also keeps off the cooling 



north and north-east winds .and thus produce in the valleys 

 an oppressive lu-at. which often strikes like the glow of a 

 furnace, and may perhaps be the cause of the bilious dis- 

 eases prevalent here. The greatest heat during th. 

 drni . n the 28th of .lulj , between 



3 and ~> in the afternoon. :tO u -I' Reaumur. 



Though Professor Parrot state, that notwithstanding 

 the great advantages held out by the Russian gov eminent, 

 which cut. ini from Russia and other coun- 



II, from the eounsello. :id general down 



to the clerk and common < 'o.ssick, often long in a few- 

 weeks to return to their native country as to a lost para- 

 dise ;' jet the population is constantly and rapidly in 

 ing. I'll IH'JU it was stated not to exceed l."..(KK). and is 

 now probably nearly -45.1HK). it having been -!(),<XX) three 

 Full one-half are Armenians, the remainder 

 cliiiflj Georgians, that is, old Greek Christians, some 

 Koma'n Catholics, and about a hundred Mohammedans. 

 It is the residence of a Georgian patriarch, a Georgian 

 metropolitan, anil an Armenian archbishop. There are 

 some manufactories of woollen, cotton, and silk. 



Tillis is most favourably situated to be the medium of 



an extensive trade between Kurope and Asia, but it is only 



since the arrival of the Russians snd the peace of Gu- 



hslan that there has been any direct commerce with 



At first, and till the emperor Alexander : 



to the trans-Caucasian province, the Armenians 



merely purchased such goods as they wanted for eommon 



.1 the fair of Nishnci Novgorod, to which they brought 



.01 goods. .iwls, and pearls, which 



they exchanged for woollens, linen, printed calicoes, kc. : 



they often bought with ready inoncv. In 1K21 the ukase 



granting freedom of trade was published, and commerce 



greatly increased. In 1S23 a rich Armenian went to 



sa, where lie purchased goods to the amount of many 



thousand pounds, which he disposed of to great adv;i 



atTitli-. 



In the following year for the first time, six Armenian 

 merchants came to Lrip/ig fair, where they pun 

 Kuropenn manufactures to the amount of UX).(XN) rubles 

 banco i'l.lXXl/. ,. which they conveyed through Galicia and 

 the south of Russia to Odessa, where they w ere embarked for 

 Ucdout Kale. In the year lsi"> the value of the goods 

 purchased at Leipzig was 1,200,000 rubles, and in the 

 following year twice a* much. Pmli-ssor Kichvvald 

 i- much to be wished that some Kuropean merchants 

 might settle in Tiflis, and endeavour to improve th. 

 from that city to Persia, Afghanistan, Hokhara, and Tibet. 

 Then the caravans from Cashmere. Cabul, and Tibet 

 would no longer go to Tauris and Ispahan, but cross the 

 Caspian Sea, and so up the Kur to Tiflis. whence the goods 

 would be forwarded over the Hlack Sea to Kuropc. 



Tlir trade with Persia in very important, and is almost 

 Mitirely in the hands of the Armenians of Hushirc on the 

 ill and of Tillis. The former trade chiefly to the 

 K**t In.h. part ol the ships which n;. 



in the I in. mm t ' 

 cat: only a it- mi: to Uushire.. The 



value of giKxls brought from India to lYis.a w.-u two 



millions of iluc:r 



India "rtXMNK) dn< -.,t A , 



takes the .-iah. iKmi which p'. 



factures of Kngland and India go up the 



are disposed of in Turkey. The \iansit I, 



which chiefly come from I.clp/ig, is an 

 i of the tiade between Tillis and Persia. On the 

 the commerce of Titli.s is inn 

 ind value. 

 Sir Robeit Ker Porter. .' . 



;;; !/<,/ 



lierlin, lKi4 ; Eichwald, li. 



TIGA. Piofess<,r Kaup's name for a genus of : 

 i(*/try>.i>H'iti<\, S\v. ; J'li-iit, Ho i . 



. 

 [WoODPBCKKR8.1 



TIGER-BITTERNS. [TICKISOMA.] 



TIG KIM 'ATS. [TIGKK. 



TIGERS. Although there is but one s; 

 ]>.operlj- so called, th. 

 genus relit in which the ligerine eh.. 

 may he also treated of under the title before us. 



Tile Hnj/iil Tif;i-r, 1'flix Tigris, claims our first no- 

 and, although poets and poetical zoologists have join 

 elevate the lion with hi.s majestic mane to the M 

 it may be doubted whether the Tia<-r is not thcU|K.'o( 

 the lerociou-, and blood-t hirst \ g. 



Some havi' thought that this-; ,,u( little known 



to the antients: but. we think, with no sufi 

 The numerous pits-ages in which the wonl 



in Greek and Latin authors, leave litil. 

 doubting this knowledge ; and Hjrcania, with which it is 

 so ficijucntly associated by the latter, is a locality well 

 suited to what we now know of its geographical distribii- 

 tron. 



When Aii-totle ///./..//,///)., \iii.28X treat ing of In - 

 brid animals which spiing from an intermixture of diHe- 

 rent laces, sjij's that \ end that the dogs of India 



are bred tiom the tiger (rov n'ypiof) and a bitch, not indeed 

 lit the first union, but at the third, we sec no n 

 sidenng the locality which he assigns to the //i'/i\. and 

 the opportunities which the 



gave lum of knowing the animals of India, wh\ 

 word should be rendered otherwise than by '/V.t/r in 

 our pi- .ilation of the term. ' The ti- 



Pliny .V.i/. ///.v/., vih. IS:. is produced in H\ 

 India;' following this up with an allusion to the 

 meiulous swiftness ' of the animal, and the strong attach- 

 ment which the Tigress, notwithstanding accidental ex- 

 ception, is known to manifest for her nibs. Again l/m/., 

 vi. 'Jl . he notices the Indian nati' -.nuli'ig in 



wild tigei-s. Of course he does not omit the - 

 origin of the Indian dogs from the Tiger, and the rejection 

 of the two first In:, i- as ion feiocions. while the thild 1- 

 takcn and brought up. i Iliiil.. viii. 40. lint, luttl'er. it 

 is (|iiite clear from the same authority, that the '/' 

 had been exhibited at Rome, and that Pliny and n 

 well knew the distinction between tha- o.irds 



and panthers. After mentioning the two last, and referring 

 to an ancient decree of the senate that African I 

 should not be imported, but stating that the tribuni 

 Cneiuf Aufidim i plebbcitum to b liich 



permitted their importation for the Circensiaii games, he 

 stales the numb*!* brought, fin! 1>\ Scanrns. and then bj 

 Pompey the (Jreat and Augustus: adding that Auguslii> 

 was the first who showed a t.nne tigi. .1 den 



at Rome, upon the dedication of the Theatre of Marcclhis, 

 during the consulship of (). Tub. TO and l-'ahins Maximus ; 

 and that the emperor Claudius showed four together. 

 ' l/iid., viii. 17.) Suetonius :An.<f., \\i\\. : slates that it was 

 the habit of Augustus, besides the exhibitions at tin- 

 great spectacles, to show to the public any rantv 

 that Wits brought over, 'ut rhinocerotem a pud septa; 

 : anguem c|uin<|iiaginta ciibitonnn pro 

 eomitio :' and Dion remarks that the tigers (rr) 

 first seen In the Romans, and. as he thinks, bv the 

 s also, were those sent bj tile Indians a-, gilts when 

 they were suing for peace from Augustus. The emperor 

 , Philip on one occasion exhibited ten tigers, together 

 . with thirty-two elephants, ten elks, r-ixty lions, thirty 



