TI L 



H6 



1 i I. 



partially 



into the Thames and Medway in 1007, 

 into a : >u, to 



fort stands principally in the paii.-l. '' ilbury, but 



in the adjoinin. '. It is ur- 



vvhich may be filled 



tor when necessary; and i' ut for- 



eamion toward the river. The 

 k ; biit it has a portal, 



whicli renders it a prominent object fiom 

 she river, which is I: mile 



\Vithin t: commodious barracks BIU! other 



.'iding of ! 



, criUnvinir during floods and b| 

 n i> by no means salubrious. A view of Tilbury 

 the river, is given in No. 120 of th- Penny 



TII.E. a kind of thin brick, or plate of baked clay. 



chiefly for covering roofs, but ally for paving 



drains, .Vc. The Knsrlish name, and 



by which known in other European lan- 



>, arc derived from the Latin tfgiila. which contains 



r. This becomes, in 

 Dutch, tt'ifi'l, t'-ghcl,- tii : 



^el ; in Italian, 

 ilia ; and in French, 



An account of the use of tiles among the antients, illus- 

 : tiles found at Pompeii, is 



in ilii- Dicti,. k and Roman Antiquities,' 



Tegula,' in which it is stated that roofing-tiles were 

 originally made, like bricl 



luced tiles of marble about the 



year (ii) in:. In addition to the superior beauty and dura- 

 bility of such tiles, they were made of much larger dimcu- 

 practicable in clay, and consequently the 

 effect produced by their parallel joints might be brought 

 into harmony with the rest cf the building. A still more 

 aaL r mticcut method of roi>: mally 



adop' '"d in the use of tiles made of bronze anil 



gilt. Tiles were originally made perfectly Hat, or with 

 nothing more than the Iiook or nozlo underneath the 

 upper border, which fulfilled the purpose of fixing them 

 upon the rafters. They were subsequently formed 'with a 

 1 bonier alons; each side, on the upper snrfac. 



! th.' tile were made to com erirc towaids tlie 



lower end, in order tl might 



not prevent the slice - of tiles from overlapping 



each other neatly. The lines of junction between the Hat 



ivd by small semi-cylindrical tiles, called 



; which, extending from the ridge to 



. divided the surface of the roof into 



along which water descended to the gutter. 



the iiiilirii-i->. terminated at th 



of tl. o nameiital pieces; mid the whole appear- 



i Was hand-nine. Another kind of antient 

 tiling, me i. Pliny under the name of/ 



imchcular form at their 



winch, when laid in overlapping rows, somewhat 

 le-cinbK the train of a peacock. 



of maki. -iniilar to ' 



brick-making [HmiK, vol. v., p. 4(17], that it will be sufii- 

 Ihat only the best qualities of bricl. 

 'since the year iKKf no . 

 ; upon thv manufacture of tiles, the 



prejudicial, esp. 



of the duty on sfatcs, although it produci 



cl in tins . 



Df two MM 1 - lat, ol 



i Mil u.-ually about, ten inches and a 

 wide, and five-eiirhtlis of an inch 

 Menhir uut- 

 . that, when laid on the 



'ile on si., 

 iian 



' 1 n Mid a hall or Ibm- 



"'d a hall ut nine inches wide, 



i SR|,. to side. Plan. 

 are made with a hole near their upji. 



the. 

 ha! 



ft wooden peg, by which they are Itung upon the laths of 

 the r.. 

 in such a i: 



other about si \ inches. Pun-tiles have iu> holes, liu 

 liiuig upon the laths by ! ried ut tl 



: they do not requii. 



quently form a lig: 



. the two kinds ol'tihi. 

 kinds . and the snitabh 



. vol. XX., p. I . of a 



form, laid in mortar with tlieii . 



commonlj made in the form a 

 arch, and laid or bedded upon flat till 



information will be found in a paper On tin 

 noniical Manufacture of Drainin 



Robert Heart, in the second volume of the . Journal of the 

 Royal Agricultural Society ;' and in the same volum 

 of the admirable tile-making machinery invent 

 the marquis of Twceddale, which has 

 into extensive operation. 



and of greater thickness than those r . In 



antient as well as in more recent times paving I 

 frequently decorated with ornamental devices in various 

 colour!), so as to produce an effect resembling that of mo- 



nt. 



TILK'SIA, a genus of Polypiaria mentioned by I.a- 

 mouroux. 



TII.GATK HKDS. A portion of the irreat sen. 

 in the \Veald of Kent and Sussex, interposed between the 

 green-sands and the Portland oolite, is thus named by l'i. 

 Mantell, who has described the numerous and inlen 

 orgaiii* which it c The reptil, 



- d iu Professor U-.M . t to the 1! 



Association.' 1S41. 



TI'LIA, the name of a srenns of plants belonging to the 



1 order Tiliacca'. The trees in Kngland are called 



l.iiiii'-tr<-i'f. in Sweilish Linn, and in (ierinan and Dutch 



I.iinl' n. They are characterised by ; ;.rted 



deciduous calyx: ~> petals; numerous free or sonn 



polyadelphous stamei .-elled 



All the species -u hiiiidsoine trees, with alte: 

 -ii.ijud, acute, serrated, decidi. fra- 



grant yellowish panicled flowcj-s. Tlie wood is 

 smooth, and white, and their sap pi- 

 quantity of sugar. The) are principally natives of Kurope 

 and Amen 



'/'. l-Mr'i]:rfit, the Kuropean or Common Lime-trei . 

 petals without scales, and cordate, acuminate, serrated 

 -. which are smooth, with the exception of a tuft of 

 hair at the origin of the , 



of the petioles; tlie cymes are many-flinvercd. and 

 the fruit iscoria : downy. This tree is abu;. 



in the middle and north of Europe. It is very common in 



Uiitain, althoc. 'nave been exp: 



as to its In-ill^ truly il nlted 



intoall li.itish !" ilure can lie no doip 



\\ naturalised in this country, 

 well known to the antients, and is spoken 

 both 'I ! Plinv. It 1 favourite, 



in Kr is planted in pub!;- 



in 1'iaur 



and* .1. Forth -i/e. hand- 



some >-. and prnfiisioii ol well 



adapt it. The v. to in cons! il is 



white, ight, and smooth, and i- 



by the cabinet-nii'.i.t l! is 



easily . vvell A* durable, and on this accouii 



the line i 



. the lihr.. 



Trinit;. lidge, and at Chatswoilh, arc of this 



wood. Il is also used for wood-cutting. The librcs of the 



ry tough, and rones and mals are manufactured 



iinm them. The;, are employed for tl niny 



I Kngland, but in Russia and S 



il .sideiable '. lien 



for ibis purpose the tn led in tin 



nl' tin- year, and the bark is -lecped in water, alt. i which 

 it is hung up to dry ; and ihe I; rk, beiir.' 



rated, are cut into ni 

 art twisted into 



and uplk. . The. flow. 



