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a large quantity of nectar, and exhale a delicious scent. 

 On this account they are great favourites with bees, and 

 when expanded they are constantly beset with these insects. 

 The honey thus procured is in great repute, and has 

 given celebrity to the honey of Kowno, on the Niemen, in 

 Lithuania, a small town which is surrounded by a torest of 

 limes. It is chiefly used for making liqueurs. The seed 

 of the lime possesses a large quantity of albumen, which 

 is nutritious and perfectly innocuous. It was proposed by 

 Missa, a French physician, to use it in the same way as 

 that of the cocoa-tree. It was found to answer this pur- 

 pose, but when prepared it will not keep ; hence any 

 extensive manufacture of it, although it was attempted in 

 Germany, has been abandoned. Cattle will eat the leaves 

 cf the lime, but it is said to communicate a bad flavour to 

 the milk of cows. The flowers were considered anodyne 

 and antispasmodic by older physicians, and were adminis- 

 tered in fevers when the Cullenian doctrine of spasm pre- 

 vailed. Hoffman strongly recommended them, and relates 

 cures effected by them, and they entered as an ingredient 

 into most of his prescriptions. They are not much used 

 in modern medicine. 



The linden attains a great age ; and many specimens, 

 celebrated for their age and size, exist. ' At Neustadt, in 

 Wirtemberg, there is a prodigious lime-tree, which gives 

 its name to the town, which is called Neustadt an der 

 Linden. This tree is said by Evelyn to have had in his 

 time a trunk above 27 feet in circumference, and the dia- 

 l>ace covered by its branches to have been 

 403 feet. It was 'set about with divers columns and mo- 

 numents of stone ?K-i in number, and formerly above 100 

 more), which several princes and noble persons have 

 adorned, and which as so many pillars serve likewise to 

 rt the umbrageous and venerable boughs ; and that 

 even the tree had been much ampler, the ruins and dis- 

 tances of the columns declare, which the rude soldiers 

 luive greatly impaired.' Evelyn adds copies of many of 

 the inscriptions on the columns, the oldest of which is 

 dated l."O, and the column on which it is inscribed now sup- 

 ports one of the largest limbs, but was at a considerable 

 distance from the tree 300 years ago. (London.) This tree 

 is si ill in existence. There are many other very aged in- 

 dividuals in this country and on the Continent. The family 

 name of Linnaeus is said to have been derived from an an- 

 tient linden that grew near their residence. The principal 

 street of Berlin is called 1'nti'r dfn Linden, from the lime- 

 trees which are planted on each side. 



Many varieties of this tree are described ; and, as is 

 usual in these eases, some authors have elevated them to 

 the rank and importance of species. The following are 

 found in collections : T. E. l<irinintn, in which the leaves 

 are smaller than those of the common species, and are 

 deeply and regularly cut and twisted. It seldom attains 

 a large size. T. E. aurea, which differs only in its twigs 

 having a bright yellow colour. T. E. dasyityla, possesses 

 a toin le, and differs from the species in the form 



uf its fruit. Some botanists admit only one European 

 species, thu Tiliu Europ&a.. Koch, in his 'Flora Ger- 

 manica.' has two, tin- T. <;r<indifolia and T. parvifMa, 

 and give- '/'. l-'.iirnjifii as a synonyme of the latter. Hooker, 

 in the 'British Flora,' admits all three; and De Candolle, 

 in lii-> ' Prodromus," has three species, besides the European, 

 which are as follows : 



T. iii'rn)i/iytl<i. Small-leaved Lime, lias its petals with- 

 out nectaries or srales, cordate, roundish, acuminated, ser- 

 rated leaves, smooth above and glaucous beneath, with 

 scattered as well as axillary hairy blotches, and compound 

 inanv-llowcred umbels. This is identical with the T. par- 

 : of Ehrbart and other writers. It is a native of sub- 

 alpiue districts in the north of Europe. In Great Britain 

 it i> common in the woods of Essex and Lincolnshire; and 

 Mr. K. Foister thinks it probable that this is the only true 



T. rit/i/-ii. Hod Lime, has cordate leaves, unequal at the 

 base, bairv beneath as well as the petioles, with a tuft ot 

 hair at the ba-,e of the veins ; the fruit globose and smooth. 

 I native of Taurida, and some few specimens are grow- 

 ing in England. The young branches are of a beautiful 

 i, thence it nas been called T. i-nnillimi. 

 Thi-, by most other writers considered a variety 



of T or T. gr'indifolta. 



T. / ul-ieaved Lime-tree, has petals with- 



ut nectaries; cordate, serrated leaves, downy beneath; 



origin of the veins, woolly; branches, hairy; un 

 three-flowered ; fruit woody, downy, turbinate, with promi- 

 nent angles. This is the T. grandifolia of Ehrhart and 

 other botanists. It is more common than the other species 

 in Switzerland and the south of Europe. There are se- 

 veral specimens of this tree in England and Scotland, but 

 they can scarcely be said to be wild. Specimens of this 

 tree exist in the churchyard of Seidlitz in Bohemia, with 

 leaves contracted to the form of a hood. They are said to 

 have miraculously assumed this character from the time 

 that the monks ot a neighbouring convent were all hanged 

 upon them. 



All the foregoing species are distinguished by not having 

 nectaries or scales at the base of their petals ; there are 

 six other species characterised by possessing nectaries. 

 Four of these are inhabitants of North America. 



T. alba, the White or Silvery Lime, has cordate, ser- 

 rated leaves, unequal at the base, clothed with white down 

 beneath, but smooth above, and four times longer than the 

 petioles ; fruit ovate, with five obscure ribs. This is the 

 T. argentpa of Desfontaines ; T. panonica of Jacquin ; 

 and T. tumentosa of Moench. It is a native of the woods 

 of Hungary, and is very readily distinguished from the 

 other species by the whiteness of its leaves, which becomes 

 especially evident when ruffled by the slightest breeze. 

 It was introduced into this country in 1767, and there are 

 now existing several very fine specimens, one at Walton- 

 on-Thames, 60 feet high, and a number at Highclere in 

 Berkshire. T. petiolaris was described by De Candolle 

 from dried specimens sent to him from Odessa, where the 

 tree is cultivated in gardens. The leaves are twice the 

 length of the petioles, and their under surface downy like 

 the last. 



T. glabra, the Black or Black American Lime-tree, has 

 leaves deeply cordate, serrated, and somewhat coriaceous 

 and smooth ; the petals are truncate and crenate at the 

 apex, and equal in length to the style ; the fruit ovate and 

 somewhat ribbed. This tree is a native of North America 

 in ( ,'anada and the northern parts of the United States ; in 

 the Southern states it is only found at a considerable ele- 

 vation on the Alleghany mountains. In external cha- 

 racter it, very much resembles the European species ; its 

 flowers and leaves are however larger. Although it was 

 introduced into this country by Miller as early as 1752, it. 

 is not much grown, and very few specimens exist. In 

 America the wood and bark are lised for much the same 

 purposes as that of its representative in Europe. 



T. la.ciflora, Loose-flowered American Lime, has cor- 

 date, serrated, smooth leaves, loose panicles of flowers, 

 emarginate petals, and globose fruit. It is a native of 

 America, from Maryland to Georgia. It has been known 

 in this country only since 1820, and but few specimens 

 are at present planted. London, in his 'Arboretum' (vol. 

 i., p. 374), states his conviction that this and the other 

 species of American limes are only varieties of T. glabra, 

 and he has arranged them accordingly. He has however 

 assigned no other reason for this opinion than their general 

 resemblance. 



T. juilx'scoix, the pubescent American Lime, has some- 

 what cordate and oblique leaves, truncate at the base, and 

 pubescent beneath; the petals emarginate, shorter than 

 the style, and the fruit srlobose. II is a native of the 

 son! hern parts of the United States, from Virginia to 

 Georgia, where it is found principally on the banks of 

 rivers. It is a much less vigorous tree than the two last, 

 and has much smaller leaves and more slender branches. 

 There is a variety called by Ventenat T. p. leptop/iylla, 

 which has very thin leaves and delicate serratures. 



T. heterophylla, the White American Lime, has ovate 

 leaves, downy beneath, sometimes cordate at the base, 

 sometimes obliquely or equally truncate ; globose fruit 

 with 5 ribs. This tree is abundant in Maryland, Dela- 

 ware, and the Western states of America, and is found on 

 the banks of the Susquehanna, Ohio, and Mississippi. The 

 leaves and flowers of this species are larger than any other. 

 It seldom attains a height of more than forty feet in its 

 native districts, and specimens in Europe do not exceed 

 more than twenty feet. It is a handsome ornamental tree, 

 and deserving of cultivation. It has been known in France 

 nearly a century, but was not introduced into England till 

 1811. 



In the cultivation of the lime it should be placed in 

 moist situations, in an argillaceous, loamy soil. It grows 



