T I M 



TI M 



i of certain parts of Knglaud. i as timber- 



trc*,ai betoff those used ir 



Most of the c- ' as to 



what trees are to be i 

 fcrcnce to UM- stat. 46 Edw. 111.. 

 enacted tint great jr groftx; wood of th. 

 ihirU or upwards, should 



ipduti, or underwood, should 1> 

 Miy that 



first, what should In- considered as h: 



1 age thoM gion or 

 rst, the answer was, 



that in this art the word frot d as 



luul been or was custom of 



lor the act di>. ".d to other 



r would nut serve for li 

 Ihou. >s or greatness of timber. 



i hose gro- 



ild lu'. the statute resolved tin 

 theae words: -Great wood of the a ire of ; 



,ls:' which words w. cd a-s dc 



the common law on the subjcit. - I/a.:.. u-TJ. 



li appears now to be settled, though there 

 '.-ontiadictory decisions on the point, that ti 



- and upwards, spume from old 

 ithin the exemption of i 



in consequently to be considered as timber. (4 M. & 



The timber-trees growing upon land belong to tin- 

 owner of the inheritance. A tenant tor life 

 qualified i llu-m. ill so far as they afford him 



and shelter, and a right to take the mast mid fruit. If 

 unit lor life fells timber-trees on the land to any amount 

 cr than he is entitled ' hat is to say, the 



ud necessary for the reparation of ! 

 us, he becomes liable to an action of watte 

 -IK]; and the trees, which by these or any 

 means, accidental or otherwise, have become severed trom 

 cd by the owner of the inheritance, 

 iin'may be brought by him for them. <;t P. \\ . 

 . er. the estate' of the tenant for life be 

 \\iihout impeachment of waste, he ha.s the full right to 

 fell timber, and also the property in all timber-trees felled 

 and blown down during hi- 



The Court of Chancery has sometimes directed the 

 timber growing on an esta'te. whereof a person was tenant 

 for life, to be cut down, for tli debts 



rtred upon the inheritance. 2 Vcrn., I.Vj. 

 cry has also directed timber in a slate 

 of decay to be cut down for the benefit of the person en- 

 titled to the ini provided no damage were done 

 to the tenant i. 2 Ycrn., Jls. . The prac> 

 these cases is to order the mom from the sale of 

 the timber to be invested, and'the interest of it paid to 

 the tenant for 1: 



In leases for lives, when timber is included, if the li 

 tells the trees, the lessee may maintain an action oi 

 pass against him, because the lessee, though he may not 

 cvit down the trees without being subject to an action of 

 waste, has an interest iu them for shade and shelter, and a 

 to take the mast and fruit, and may also lop them if 

 be not thereby injured. Hut v. 



d in a lease, which is usually done, the lessee has no 

 hatevcr in them, and the lessor may bring an 

 action of trespass against bun if he tells or damage.- them. 

 The lessor has also a power, incident to the except 



me on the land in order to fell a,nd take away the 

 trees; though tint power, for the sake uf molding ques- 

 tions, is olti-n c\pi. 



The timber growing on copyhold estates is, by the 

 neral custom ot most manors, the property ot the lord, win. 

 i. provided he leaves a sufficient quantity 

 ,urs of the copyhold, which the copyholder is 

 entitled to of - lini the 



the copyholder to ha 



and for ploughbote nnd lu-dgcbntc. maybe i. 

 custom, namely, that he shnll not take it wit 

 ment from the lord or his bailiff, ( l:( /.' * 



the custom of the manor is th;. li em- 



ploy the timber cut down in the r< : bis tene- 



>, he may sell the tops and bark toward 

 the expenses ol the repairs. U Hulx.. 282.) A cop) ! 

 in fee may, by the particular custom of the manor, have a 



right to but 



.-ell th 



his M 



but a 

 limb 



hold, nnd 



long 

 no- 



r in 



lion 



!, and contrary to the nalmc ol a life 



ng consid. 

 of the lancU held In 



ii (ieo. MI.. 0. "i'J. the incumbent of am 



cut from the i 



equality of exchange, or for tin - or lands 



purchased by him under the statutory powers vested in 

 him for Mich" pur] 



Trustees to preserve contingent remainders are bound to 

 preserve not only the limitations of the settlement under 

 which they are trust'.-. the inheritance of which 



the timber is part ; and the Court of ' will inter- 



fere at their suit to prevent the owner of the particular 

 estate joining with the person entitled to the inheritance 

 for the time being to cut down the timber on the i 

 (2Swan-t.. 



T1MHKK1,. a musical instrument of the highest anti- 

 quity; the (yinjiiii/iiw Icre of the Roman poets, ai'd, in the 

 opinion of all writers of any authority, ' in an 



almost unaltered state, as that now known in every part of 

 e under the names of tabor, tambourine, ttn/iltuitr dc 



VV~' TKMBOCTU, TOMBOOKTOO, ^ 



placed by Mr. Arrowsnuth. 



of" a number of routes, in 17" 8' X. lat. 



Air. M'Qui'en, to whom we arc s>o much in- 

 debted for the extension a 



i'rica. had placed it in 17 

 2" 30' "\V. long. ; but readily yields tl 



The)- . j;ncd by ,M. .nith may be assumed 



id until tl: 

 by astioiHiinic.il ubscrwitions on the sp(.' ihca, 



thanti .Micics among the statements of tliose who 



ertain the positions . on the 



. .Niger show some or all of these ijcntlciucu to ha\ c 

 been. 



The position of Timbuctii is one which is most impor- 

 tant to nave ascertained, not merely on aco 

 the ccnlrc of sn mar. 1 . 



e to calculate the hori/oii> - and 



distances ol" many places: but also as being, what the cir- 

 cumstance of so many routes meeting there might ol' 

 ha\e shown, the index of tin 



. and dcpi the interior of Western A. 



It is for tie in important position relati 



to the history of the > 



OBtnentof the trade of Africa, and of its progn 

 ral <-i\ili7ation. 



The rude map of the northeni curve of the Kowara by 

 the seh.Mihuaster ot Sultan Hello, the sketch of the po- 

 of Timbnctii given to Mr. Park by an old Somonil Moor, 

 and th inn of central 1. 1 - :.> Ptolemy, 



all concur i 'ing the Niger at the most northern 



point ol il- : .wing fn>,t 



to the north, then to the cast, and ultimately to the south. 

 The d: .!' modern English tiavellers on the Upper 



nnd I. r place it beyond a doubt that tin 



iiatioiH must be in the main and tJic 



.it number of different lined 



from Arab travellers from the c: o, Al- 



giers. Tunis, and Tripoli, to the interior, as well as from the 

 the interior themselves, all harmonize with and 



UN. It is h. HMlts 



cp with this \ lew that - ;rcd he has 



not intentional!) deviated from \ciacih. atnl ; 



a int of the and con- 

 dition ol irdividnal places. hwc can by no 



to stand on the declivity of an incon 



miles north of the N 

 Not! he, ' is to be seen iu all 



