T I M 



104 



T I M 



. ' s irith l-o< ; V.c.s. P',.1'0. and 

 ic manner in which others 



trticulan are known rcsp- 



, . ird in 



l)u- t 'iintrv, was durini; the war between 



ThelH-s and Spatta. In tii :i7-". after the battle 



<\os, the Thcbanv who were threatened with an in- 



; bj the I-acedirmonians, requested the Athenians to 



i' 



:us they had done at tile beginning of the Pcloponnesian war. 

 The . - implied with, and 1'imotlicus was 



appointed commander of a fleet 'lips, with which 



is to sail round Peloponnesus and along the v, 

 coasts of Greece. In this expedition he first took Coivua, 

 which he treated with the utmost mildness and without 

 ig any use of his right as conqueror. The conse- 

 quence was, that he had work with Cephalcnia 

 and Acaruania, and that even Alcettt, king of tin Molos- 

 ttians, was induced to join the Athenian alliance. But 

 while Timotheus was thus reviving the power of Athens 

 in that part of Greece, the Ixiccdamonians sent out a fleet 

 st him, under the command of Nicolochus. A battle 

 was fought near the bay of Alyzia, in which the Spartans 

 ated. Soon after Nicolochus offered another 

 battle, but as the fleet of Timotheus had suffered too 

 much to allow him to accept it, Nicolochus raised a 

 trophy. But Timotheus soon restored his fleet, which 

 mforcements of the allies to seventy 

 ships, against which Nicolochus could not venture any- 

 thing. The original object of the expedition howev 

 now accomplished, as the Spartans had not been able to 

 make their projected invasion of Boeotia, and Thebes 

 was thus enabled to direct her forces against the Bosotian 

 towns wh. d their independence. Timotheug af 

 the head of his large fleet had no means of maintaining 

 it, for Thebes herself had contributed nothing towaid 

 it, and Athens, which was not in a very prosperous 

 condition, had been obliged to bear all the cxpi 

 the fleet, with the exception of what Timotheus him 

 self had furnished from his private purse. Athens there 

 fore concluded a separate peace with Sparta, and sen 

 orders to Timotheus to return home. On his way (hit he 

 he landed at Zacynthus a body of exiles who probably be 

 lonired to the democratical party of the place, and who hai 

 lit his protection. He provided them with the mean 

 of opposing and annoying their enemies, the oligarchic^ 

 party of Zacynthus, which was in alliance with Sparta 

 The oligarchs sent envoys to Sparta to complain, am 

 Sparta sent envoys to Athens to remonstrate against th 

 conduct of her admiral. But no satisfaction was given, as 

 Athenians would not sacrifice the Zaeyiithian exile 

 for the purpose of maintaining the peace. The Spartan 

 therefore looked upon the peace as broken, and prepared 

 for new hostilities. 



Soon after these occurrences Corcyra was hard pressed 

 by the Peloponnesian fleet, and implored the Athenians 

 for protection. Timotheus, who, on his former expedition, 

 had given such reat proofs of skill and talent. wa~ 

 entrust- d with the command of sixty ships, lint Athens, 

 which was itself in great financial difficulties, had not the 

 means to equip them, and Timotheus in t of 373 



B.C. failed to the coasts and islands of the .Ksrean to 

 iciiian allies to provide him with the means 

 of aiwi-1ing the < 'orcvrae:. pears to b.- 



!i.. p.l iss . 



and in Macedonia 1 'atious with king 



Arm gs however went on very slowly, 



and apparently with -.s. tor he \MIS of ton 



gentle a disposition to force the allies to furnish what they 

 d not give conveniently. At last however he had 

 tailed M far as the island of Calaurea, where his men began 

 to murmur beeausi: they wen- nut. paid. T 

 affairs in Corcyra had irrown wor- . Ilisinc- 



1 upon the slowness of his progress as 

 a favours! ': nity for aiming a blow nt him. Iphi- 



tnitus came forward to accuse him, where- 

 upon he was recalled, nnd the command of his fleet 

 to bin accusers and C'habrias. His trial was deferred tiH 

 late in the autumn ; but he was acquitted, not ind- 

 account of his innocence, though it was well attested, but 

 onu' ii i' <>l 'Alci t as, the M< 



Jiuon of Pherar, who had come to Athens to pr< .' t hrn. 



In ii. c. 301. after the removal of his rival Iphicrafc*. 



'imothi ;is n rined the ciimmand <;f the licet on the 

 i. He tonk 1'utidaea and Torone from 

 Jlynlhus. and the-e conquests were followed by the rcduc- 

 ion of all tin 1 Chalcidian towns. From thence he pre- 

 ceded to the Hi-lies; -out, where, with the as- \rio- 

 >arzanes, he again gained posses- owns. In 

 '.r following he commenced his opeiations aiMinst 

 Amphipolis, in which however he had no success at all, 

 >robabiv on account of the interference of the Maccdo- 

 lians, who .supported the town, and Timotheus was nearly 

 ompellid to take to flight. 



In the year ;C>7 B.C. Timothens and Iphicrates, who had 

 "or some time been reconciled to each other through the 

 marriage between a daughter of the former and a son of 

 he latter, obtained the command of a fit ct of GO sail 

 iLrainst the rebellious allies of Athens, especial!) airainst 

 Samos. But the Athenian arms were unsucccsslnl, and a 

 .. as concluded between tl Inch put 



in end to the Social War. The Athenian generals however, 

 Timotheus, Iphicrates, and Mcnesthci:- .uired with 



having caused the ill-luck of the Athenians, and brought 

 to trial. Timotheus in particular was accused of having 

 leccived bribes from the Chians and Hhodians. His col- 

 leagues, who were themselves in the greatest dantrer. were 

 so convinced of his innocence, that they declared they 

 were willing to take all the responsibility upon themselves. 

 But he was nevertheless condemned to pay a fine of 100 

 talents. As lie was unable to pay the sum. he withdrew 

 to Chalcis in Kubnea, where he died soon after, in B.C. 354. 

 The injustice of this sentence was tacitly acknowledged by 

 the Athenians after the death of Timotheus, by the manner 

 in which his son Conon was allowed to settle the debt of 

 his father. 



Timotheus was no less distinguished as a man than as a 

 general. He was of a very humane and disinterested cha- 

 racter. He sacrificed all nis property in the service of his 

 country, while other men of his age, used public offices 

 only as a means of enriching themselves. When A 

 and Jason came to Athens to protect him, they lodged in 

 his house, at which time he was so poor, that he was 

 d to borrow furniture to receive Ins illustrious friends 

 in a manner worthy of their station. Kveu his enemies, 

 when they came to know him, could not help feeling 

 attachment and esteem for him. 



(Xenophon, Hellen., \. 4, 63, &c. : vi. 2, 11, &c. ; Iso- 

 !>: I'cninttuli'iiii' : (,'. Nepos, Timnlhfus; Diodorus 

 Sic., xv. and xvi. ; compare Thirlwall, History qf 6, 

 vol. v.) 



TIMOTHEUS (T.,io3eoc) of Miletus, a Greek musician 

 and lyric poet. The time when his reputation had reached 

 its height was about the year it.r. ;f'.is. Diodorus Sic., 

 xiv. 46.) He was a contemporary of Kuripides, and spent 

 the last years of his life at the court of .Macedonia, where 

 he died in in. ;t->7. at the advanced age of H7. He in- 

 creased the number of the strings of (lie lyre to eleven, an 

 innovation which w.i i d by the Spartans, who 



would not LTO beyond the number of seven stiino, to be a 

 corruption of music, and a decree was passed at Si 

 which is siill extant in Boi-'thius, condemnatory of his inno- 

 vation. : Plutarch, 7V .!/*., p. 1 1 11, ed. Frank!'. ; Atlu- 

 naeus, xiv., p. CM\. Suida.s mentions a great number of 

 poetical compositions of Timotheus, which were in tluir 

 lime very popular in Greece; among them are nineteen 

 nomes, thirty-six proocmia. ci:::itccu dith\ rHinbs, and 

 twenty-one hymns. All these \\oiks are now lost, witii 

 the exception of a few fragments which are preserved in 

 Athenaeiis and the iriammaiians. 



v - ssius, De i p. 4(i ; Bode, (ii-srhirhtr 



:/'/ l/,ll:ni'ii, vol. ii., p. .')">, 



TIMOTHEUS (T><ttoc , an Athenian poet of tl.. 

 called middle comedy. Suidas mentions the till 1 



:-.nd Athenaeiis M., p. 2-U Ims pre- 

 irment of one which bme the title ' The Little 

 \. MeiiuUi-. llintvi-. 'irum 



"ruin. ]}. l'_'- v . 

 TIMOTIH. Kl'Isfl.KSOFST. I'Al 'I. To. Timothy, 



to whom t! Kpistle. B -'<!. was a native of 



; niia. in Asia .Minor. His father was 

 :i Greek, or Gentile, but his mother. Kunn v,e-s. 



Uoth his mother and grandmother Lois were Christian 

 believers i, Tannt/i.. 1.5), who were probably coin cited 



