TI N 



17(1 



T I N 



wa*7-10thsof the produce of the mines; in thr next ten 

 year* it was 3-4tl>8; from 1MK) 1 IsJ) one huh: from 

 1821) to 1830 it luul dimintMud to -J-.Mhh; and from IKiU 

 to 18H7 to l-5th. The quantity of foreign tin imported, 

 the greater part of which is intended t> tation, 



since 1815, was as follows : From 1815 to 1831 the annual 

 average quantity imported was 213 tons; < M .. .1 annu- 

 ally daring tin- same pi nod -J24 tons. From 1831 to 1838 

 the imports of foreign tin averaged annually 1.VJ7 tons, and 

 the exports were 1482 tons. This foreign tin c-an IK- sup- 

 plied cheaper in Europe and America than the Cornish 

 tin. In 1841 the imports were :N.i:U i-wt.,or 14-1 tons, of 

 which 1 7,913 cwt. were from Singapore, <il!)7 cwt. from Java, 

 and r>:tji . -t. from the East India Company's territories. In 

 the same year the exports of forviirn tin w.r. i">.."U4 cwt.. 

 or 1287 tons, principally to the United States, Holland, 

 Russia, France, Italy, and Germany. Tin' exports of 

 British tin in 1841 were 12H7 tuns. France took 8905 

 cwt. : Turkey, 4OGI cwt. ; Russia, 2780 cwt. ; the United 

 -. 1783 CWt.; and Italy, 13211 cwt. : l>ein<; more than 

 three-fourths of the whole. In the ( 'ustom-House records the 

 quantity of tin manufactures exported is not distinguished, 

 but in 1840 the exports of tin and pewt er wares and tin 

 plate' were valued at 3oUHl(i/. Under the tariff of 1842 

 (5 & 6 Vict.,c. 17 ,1'oreiiriit ill-ore will he admissible for the 

 first time, on paying a duty, which is UK. the ton if from 

 a British possession, and if of a foreign, 50*. But as none 

 of the British possessions contain tin likely to be brought 

 into the English market, the real duty is 5<Vv. The former 

 duty of 10.v. the cwt. was prohibitory. The quantity of 

 tin annually produced in Banca is estimated at 2700 tons, 

 and in the Malayan peninsula about 1300 tons : and these 

 are the parts from which a supply of ore, if any, is likely 

 to be received. 



TIM (Medical Propertiet of}. It cannot be con- 

 fidently asserted that tin in a metallic state has no influ- 

 ence over the human system, as many respectable writers 

 afHnu that tin-filings are decidedly anthclmintic, and that 

 this is not owing to mechanical 'irritation of the worms 

 causing them to be detached from the surface of the intes- 

 tines; it is stated that water in which tin has been boiled, 

 and wine digested in a tin vessel, are also anthelmintic. 

 Others, denying to tin any inherent power over worms, have 

 attributed these effects to the presence of a small portion 

 of arsenic. Be this as it may, it is a very crude method of 

 treating worms to exhibit such a material as tin-filings. 

 [AvuiKi MIMICS.] Even oxide of tin is of doubtful 

 efficacy, as might be expected from its extreme insolubility. 

 Its powers may be heightened by occasionally meeting 

 with ncids in the stomach, such as the hydrOchloHC, 

 ami therewith forming a chloride. Two compounds oi 

 chlorine with tin are Known, one the protoehloride. the 

 other the bichloride. Both of these are exc i . 

 soluble; the latter so much so that it can with diffi- 

 culty 1)6 kept in the solid state, and more frequently 

 oceuis in the liquid state, and is then called the spiriiiis 

 finnans I.ilmii.or butter of tin. The former is much used 

 by dyers, among whom, when in the solid state, it is called 

 / tin, and when liquid, spirit nf tin. In the former 

 condition, it has sometimes been mistaken for common salt : 

 it has t Ims 1 icen the source of poisoning, though it is not very 

 active when introduced into the stomach. A few grain's 

 injected into the juirular vein prove rapidly fatal to 

 In case of any of it being swallowed, emetics or 

 toraRch-pump, demulcent drinks, and, if nee. 

 moderate . followed after'a 



time by vital stimulants. 'Il has been thought by some to 

 to allow fluids containing acids, such as the 

 weak acid wines, or cyder, or even fatty, saline', or albu- 

 minous substances, to remain long in 1 ill-vessel*, as an in- 

 jurious action of these on the tin is supposed to occur. 

 If any serious effects hav ever followed from such a cause, 

 it is most likely that these vessels were only coated super- 

 ficially with tin, which being rubbed off, exposed the more 

 potent metal beneath to the solvent power of these sub- 

 stances. It is therefore prudent to examine from time to time 

 all copper and other vessels to see that the tinning is entire. 

 TIN 1'I.ATK. [TiNxiNo.] 

 i'YKI'iT.s. jTm.] 



|R. I'lince Maximilian's name for one of the 

 Ant -Thru-Oie* (Formicarinef, (I. R. Gray). This genus is 

 the Oxyvygo, Men. and belongs to Muiothera, 



Cuv., and nmtmofkOut, \ ieill. 



Example, Tiimclor/utcu*, Guer. .l/<ir. i/< /.aul., t. 10. 



UK-.] 



* ll.\ A MID.i:. [TiNKMuti.] 



TI.N.VMO'TIS. Mr. a of birds 



(Kutlrniiiin. D'Orb. and .1. (nottr.\ i I 



TI'NAMOU (TiiHiiiiiix, ].ath l.mn.. Tridac- 



tylun. Lace p., Cryjituruv, 111.. 



birds placed by Cuvicr, Mr. A mso-i 



among the TKTRAOMU.K, in which article the account 

 iri\en by the hust mentioned zoologist of their liabils and 

 utility to man will be found. 



The I'lin :io (Birds of Europe and .Yo/Y/i Atne- 



ha>a family t'rijjituriiltf, noticed in the 

 iKur. \\i\.. p. 2.V) , and, we pre.Mi, 



there ]ilace the Tinamous. 



Mr. (}. H. (iray makes the 'Fiinunitltr, the sixth family 

 of the (ialliiiff. according to his ai 

 the following subfamilies and genera: 

 Subfam. 1. Turnii . 



Genus : Turnir, Bonn. 



Subfam. 2. Tiiiamin.-e. 



Genera: Tinamus, Lath.: .N'// \. Khyn- 



r/inln\: S]iix ; 'fiiniiii/ili\. \ lL r . 



This family is placed by Mr. G. R. Gra\ 

 to the Chronididee, aiul at the end of the I, 

 next order to which is formed by the Strut/iitir- 



\\'e i>roeeed to illu>tiutc the pivi-ciit :; 

 the Tinamous pro[:i'rly MI called. 



(iriii-rir C/iiinirtfr i,f Tintimus. Bill nun'. 

 pressed, broader than hiirh. tip obtuse, back bioad. 

 trils lateral, medial, o\ate, exjiandt^l, and ojien. 

 four-toed, cleft ; hind toe very short. Tail no; 

 short, concealed by the rump-feathei.s. \\ n 



Example, Tinnmuis Tn/aupa, Var. 



Description. Tmamou with the body above du>kv- 

 nifous, immaculate. Head and neck dusky-black; chin 

 while ; throat, neck, and breaM cinereous : body beneath 

 whitish; \cnt and flanks lufous-black, tb 

 gincd with white. Bill and irides red. Total lenu 

 inches. (Sw.) 



Mr. Swainson, in his work on the ' Classification of liinls." 

 es bi> ojiinion that the Tinamous probably repre- 

 sent the trump of Uustaids in the New World 

 NID.K, vol. xxiv., p. 255]; but in a previous pubhcaliuii 

 J.ni>l<i<riciil Illustrations, 1st series j, he says that they 

 there ' seem to hold the same scale in creation whicli 

 the partridges do in the Old Continent." He refers, in the 

 book la>t mentioned, to the work of M. Temminck (I 1 , 



[//.:, who, he obseue.-. has described tweht 

 and he st.:tes tliat the bird under con-i.li'ialion is the 

 smallest of its family. He found it only once in the 

 interior 01' 1'aliia, where, he says, it mils! lie very rare, or 

 frequent in particular districts only. Though differing in 

 .ome res])eels from M. Temininck's description, he is in- 

 clined to consider it only a variety. 



Tiimnui T.iUupa. Vjr. i 



Mr. D.irwin, in his irrajihic descii]>liiMi ol the country 

 around Maldonado, when he had reached the l;ulhest 



