T 1 \ 



: 



T I \ 



ol' cvp|*T. Draw, and cast-iron are u i.ally. and 



i fit for the most dell, ate culinary ' 

 similar way any small portion* oi 



-.M'il till. 



other small articles, are tim.ed bv immcr-i::- 

 in ttiiid tin. Mr. Gill, in tl 

 nic-al Repository,' p. 



of tinning nails or tacks and other small v < 

 aiM* in cleaning the surface by pickling the artii 

 diluted sulphuric, muriatic, or nitnc acid, washing 

 afterwards in water, and then puttinir them into H gallon 

 bottle of stone-ware, with an oval body and a narrow neck, 

 ..T with a quantity of bar or grain tin, and of sal- 

 >el is then to be closed, and laid on 

 its aide over a charcoal fire, made upon a forge-hearth, 

 and by turning it round, and frequently shaking it. the tin 

 is to be uniformly distributed over the surfaces of the in- 

 closed articles. \Vheii tinned they are taken out, washed 

 in water to remove the sal-ammoniac, and dried : n 

 sawdust. The great advantage of the process c< 

 in the employment of the stone-ware bottle, which pre- 

 vents the dissipation of the fumes of the sal-amm 

 and gives up the whole of the tin, which no metallic 

 would do. The method of tinning pins is described under 

 PIN, vol. xviii., p. 161. 



(Memoirs nf thr Lit?r<iry and Philosophical Swii'ty nf 

 MiHr/ii-.iirr, second series, vol. iii., pp. 347-HU : Pfilkso- 

 fthirttl '/'/ December. 172S : .!/</;/// 



Mi'tnl (in Lardn. :iet Cyclopaedia,' vol. iii. : 



Dir.ti 



TINNITUS AU'HIUM, ringing in the ears, ma\ 

 from many different conditions. It is sometimes \\ 

 an unnatural state of the circulation in some part of the 

 cor, the movement of the blood producing a vibration ot 

 the nerve which the mind does not distinguish from that 

 produced ! - vibrations of the air. Hut mo 



quently the sensation is due to some di 

 the auditory nerve, and is entirely subject i. ,. It is thus 



. .ed in some discuses of the brain, in nervous 1 p 

 and in those who are. much debilitated; and is 

 !' organic disease of the auditory nerve it 

 analogous, in 11. -. to the subjective sensii; 



sparks and flashes of light which is perceived in ca 

 disease of the retina or optic nerve. It may tin 

 sign of a dangerous condition, or :i preli iplete 



deafness; but in the great majority of cases it is unimport- 

 ant, depending on some local temporary affect ion ol the 

 disluibance of the digc'stivc or-a::s with 

 which pait of the brain sympathizes. 



Tl.VNU'NCUU S, Vieillofs name, after the an?: 

 iidee. Type, Tiiiiiiiiirnliix <ilnn,i 

 'ninuni-ultir, Linn., of which we proceed to 

 1. Tcmminck's 



1','vi-i/itnni. Wings reaching to three-fourths of the 

 length of the tail ; upper plumage, of the male varied 

 numerous black spots; quills striped internally; . 

 always black. 



I'eniminck states that this short indication is in 

 to enable the observer to n at the fi- 



this s| 



or L<-* , and he then proceeds to give the fol- 



lowing details : 



head bluish-grey ; upper parts red- 

 dish-bro.vn, regularly sprinkled with angular black spots; 

 l..wer parts white, sBghtly tinged v.ith reddish and wjlh 

 oblong l.ronn spots; tail ash-coloured, with a. wide black 

 band towards ji .dilated with while; 



bill bl ,es, iris, and fee; 



low. Length about 14 inches. 



larger than the male ; all the upper parts of a 



bnghter reddish ; lower narts yellowish rusty, with oblong 



spots; tail reddish, wit'h nine or ten narrow black 



kind of that colour near its ex- 



ticimty, win. i with reddish-white. 



illi the upper pints of a reddish hue 

 -pott. -ck ; the ton (if the head ni. 



clouA .gilt blue; the plumage variegattd with 



ntirelv white. 



e oppninjF ot the bill a small black 



iris brown ; cere yellowish-green. 



can be little or no doubt, the Kiytpic 

 "f Aristotle (Hitt. Anim., ii. 17; vi. 1 ; \ 

 . and so most loologtsts are disposed to con.-i>: 

 . unculu* of the antient lu. 

 .-., x. 37.) It is the fbei/M 



incvio, Acen lh, Kilchetto tit Torre. Ukgpfjio, and 

 ellit of the modern Italians; CercreUe, (Juerct 



n-IL- anil l-iirrri,'r rlrv 4lnllfttft nf thp Vi . 



h ; and I'udyll cSch 



iirajihictil Dittribulton. Riuupe eenerally, but not 

 habitually beyond the regions 01 : 

 place is occupied bythc .MERLIN. Kne;lai. 

 Ireland. Smyrna, in winter at least Strickl. 

 from the north to the south. ;iiu-k. 



,d, accordiiii; t> 



India iSelby'! ; bank 



old ;:nd l!i: 

 that iiyiires of it, occur in dunvin. 



mantle brow 

 form the angl 



the top of the bead, the nape, and the 

 J ttrtaked with black ; these streaks 

 ick ; on the first quills are 



reddish and whitish npota ; tail reddish, undulated ivith 

 grey-h and tratMrerscly striped as in the female ; throat 





l. mule ftiifl fr 



, Food, iV-r. The name ' Wind! 



well expresses the this 



Mr. Mudie 

 iittcn 

 -.I'.ins with 



liawk. h?r,<l to 



fail and winnowinjj v. : 



: uhen t! 1 



nnei-rinirlypn the surprised ])iey. AVhen ti 

 the fields 



.ird farmers exult in brin: little 



thinking that the bird was the:: 'c of 



their : Ir. ^'ater. : the 



rel well, and shown : <.' is the 



of the agricnltut 

 it nndoubledly pi 

 and their larva?, and eftrthv 

 liawkinc; nfler eockcli: 

 the evening. Tic watched o 



irh mi. 



"II beetles 



l\1r. Sclby saw one 



ilgaris) late in 



a glass, and saw the 



