TIP 



493 



T I P 



pied successively by Mahon and his brother Brian Borornh, 

 or Bp>nimhe, or Boru, two princes of the Dalcassian family, 

 the latter of whom acquired the monarchy of Ireland. At 

 the commencement of the twelfth century (A.D. 1101) 

 Murkertach, king of Munster, gave over the city of Cashel 

 to the church, dedicating it to God and St. Patrick. The 

 holders of the see of Cashel had previously assumed the 

 rank of archbishops. 



In the English invasion, Henry II. (A.D. 1172) summoned 

 an assembly of the Irish prelates and princes at Cashel, 

 where the sovereignty of the English king was recognised, 

 and various regulations made, increasing the power of the 

 clergy, and more completely assimilating the practices of 

 the Irish church to those of the church of Rome. Tip- 

 perary, or part of it at least, seems to have remained under 

 the dominion of Donald of the sept of O Brien, native 

 prince of Thomond and Ormond, subject to the nominal 

 sovereignty of the English king. In the irregular warfare 

 which followed Henry's departure from Ireland, a body of 

 Anglo-Normans under Richard, earl of Strigul, surnamed 

 Strongbow, and governor or commander in Ireland, and of 

 Hervey of Mount-Morris, entered the county (A.D. 1174) 

 to attack Donald O'Brien, and advanced as far as Cashel, 

 where they were to be joined either by a department 

 from the Anglo-Norman garrison of Dublin or by a body 

 of Ost-men from that city : but this detachment was sur- 

 prised near Thurles by Donald, and put to the sword almost 

 without resistance ; and Strongbow and Hervey retreated 

 to \Vaterford. The invaders appear to have crossed the 

 county again the same year, in their march to Limerick 

 (which was also under the dominion of Donald), which 

 they succeeded in taking. In A.D. 1175 a consider- 

 able Anglo-Norman force with a body of native allies 

 entered the county under Raymond Le Gros, marching to 

 the relief of Limerick, to which Donald O'Brien had laid 

 siege. The Irish, hearing of their approach, advanced, and 

 entrenched themselves in a defile near Cashel, where they 

 were defeated with great slaughter : the garrison of Lime- 

 rick was relieved, and on the banks of the Shannon or of 

 Lough Derg, near Killaloe, the victorous Raymond received 

 the submission not only of Donald O'Brien, but of Roderick 

 O'Connor, titular king of Ireland ; and exacted hostages 

 from both for the faithful performance of the engagements 

 into which they entered. 



This county was probably included in the grant of the 

 principality of Thomond to Philip de Braosa (A.D. 1177), 

 but the prudence or the cowardice of that noble prevented 

 his dispossessing Donald O'Brien, who still retained posses- 

 sion. In A.D. 1185, while prince (afterwards king) John 

 was in Ireland, sent over by his father, as lord of the 

 island, the Anglo-Normans erected castles at Tipperary 

 and Ardfinnan in this county; that of Ardflnnan was how- 

 i'ver soon taken by Donald, who, in A.D. 1190, defeated the 

 Anglo-Normans under William, earl-marshal (who had 

 married Strongbow's only child and succeeded to the Irish 

 s of that nobleman) near Thurles. Donald died A.D. 

 1194. The oldest part of the present cathedral of Cashel 

 was built by him. Tipperary appears to have passed in 

 the course of a few years afterwards into the hands of the 

 Anglo-Normans, as it was one of the counties erected by 

 King John (A.D. 1210), during his expedition to Ireland, 

 :it the head of a considerable army. It is probable that 

 the northern part at least of the county was part of the 

 seat of war (A.D. 1274-1277) between the O'Briens, who 

 retained a portion of Thomond, and the Anglo-Norman, or 

 e may now term them, Anglo-Irish family of the De 

 Clares. 



It is probable that the Septs and their Irish allies were 



iu this county (A.D. 1317) in the invasion of Ireland by 



Edward Bruce and his brother King Robert, since they 



ravaged the country from Kilkenny as far as Limerick. 



In A.D. 1328 the royal privileges in the county were 



granted to James Butler, earl of Carrick, now created also 



if Ormond ; these royalties were long retained by the 



carls of Oimond. In A.D. 1330 Brien O'Brien, prince of 



Thomond, ravaged the county and burned the towns of 



Athsuwel (near Cashel) and Tipperary to the ground. In 



the i Diarchy which was contemporaneous with 



the war of the Roses m England, and continued long after 



war was closed, the county was included in the scene 



ronlf>N between the rival septs or families 



of the duraldines, to which belonged the earls of Desmond 



ICildare, and of the Butlers, at the head of which was 



the earl of Ormond. The burning of the cathedral of 

 Cashel was one of the charges brought against the Earl of 

 Kildare in his examination before the privy council (A.D. 

 1496). His reply to the charge was characteristic : ' Spare 

 your evidence,' said he ; ' I did burn the church : for I 

 thought the bishop had been in it.' 



In the great civil war in 1642, Clonmell, Cashel, Carrick- 

 on-Suir, Fethard, and all the other towns in Tipperary, were 

 seized by the insurgents, or, as they were termed, ' the Con- 

 federates,' almost at the first outbreak in the central and 

 southern provinces. At Cashel, Fethard, and Silvermines 

 there were some murders committed : those at Cashel were 

 perpetrated by the relatives of some persons recently put 

 to death by Sir W. St. Ledger, president of Munster, who 

 had previously entered the county with two troops of horse 

 and exercised great severity. The Ear] of Inchiquin, who 

 commanded in Munster for the parliament, invaded the 

 county A.D. 1647, took Cahir by capitulation, and stormed 

 Cashel, where he mercilessly slaughtered twenty priests 

 and an unresisting multitude who had taken shelter in the 

 cathedral. He levied contributions in all the neighbour- 

 hood, and was prevented from taking Clonmell only by 

 Want of provisions. When Cromwell invaded Ireland, and 

 (A.D. 1649) was opposed by the Royalists and Confederates, 

 now united under the Earl of Ormond (to whom Lord 

 Inchiquin, shocked at the execution of the king, had joined 

 himself), a detachment from his army took Carriek-on-Suir, 

 where Cromwell himself crossed the river to besiege 

 Waterford. A body of Royalists under Lords Inchiquin 

 and Taafe, attempting to retake Carrick (24th October), 

 was repulsed with severe loss. Ormond with the main 

 body of his army was about this time near Clonmell watch- 

 ing Cromwell, whom sickness and the approach of winter 

 obliged to raise the siege of Waterford ; soon after which 

 Ormond withdrew to Kilkenny, having posted a consider- 

 able body of Ulster men at Clonmell. 



About the latter end of February, 1650, Cromwell 

 opened the campaign by taking Cahir, Cashel, Fethard, 

 Clogheen, and other places in this or the adjacent counties ; 

 and in the course of the following April laid siege to Clon- 

 mell. This siege cost him more trouble and loss than any 

 other part of his Irish expedition : he lost above 2000 men 

 in a fruitless assault ; however after a siege of two months 

 the place was obliged to surrender for want of ammuni- 

 tion : the garrison had previously withdrawn to Waterford 

 without Cromwell's knowledge, and the townsmen obtained 

 good conditions, Cromwell supposing that the garrison 

 was still in the town. In 1651 Ireton, who was after Crom- 

 well's departure, general-in-chief for the parliament, con- 

 centrated his army at Cashel and marched to the bank of 

 the Shannon, over which he forced a passage at Killaloe. 

 On the restoration of royalty in Ireland, which rather pre- 

 ceded its restoration in England, Clonmell was one of 

 the towns occupied by the Royalists. 



In the war ot the Revolution Clonmell was abandoned 

 by the Jacobites on William's advance toward the south 

 after the battle of the Boyne (A.D. 1690). William, after his 

 unsuccessful siege of Limerick, retired with his army to 

 Clonmell, and there leaving them, proceeded to Duncannon 

 and embarked for England. 



In the rebellion of 1798 this county was not involved ; 

 and though it has been the scene of much agrarian disturb- 

 ance, there has been no serious outbreak to require particu- 

 lar record. 



{Map of Ireland, by the Society for the Diffusion of 

 Useful Knowledge ; Second Report of the Irish Railway 

 Commissioners; Geological Transactions; Lewis's anil 

 Carlisle's Topographical Dictionaries of Ireland ; The Tra- 

 veller's New Guide through Ireland ; The Scientific Tourist 

 in Ireland; Parliamentary Papers ; Ware's History and 

 Antiquities of Ireland; Cox's HiberniaAnglicana; Moore's 

 History of Ireland ; Gordon's History of Ireland; Dr. W. 

 C. Taylor's Civil Wars of Ireland ; &c.) 



TIPPOO SAIB, sultan of Mysore, was born in the year 

 1749. His father Hyder Aly Khan [HYDER ALY], sensible 

 of the disadvantages under which he himself laboured from 

 want of education, procured for his son the best masters 

 in all the sciences which are cultivated by the Moham- 

 medans. But Tippoo, although he had acquired a taste 

 for reading, did not make any considerable progress, and 

 he preferred martial exercises, into which he was initiated 

 at an early age. The French officers in the employment 

 of his father instructed him in tactics ; and in 1767, when 



