T I P 



194 



T I P 



Hrder Aly overran the Carnal ic, Tippoo was enfolded with 

 the command of a corp* of cavalry. He was at thai time 

 niiii-tovii yean of nge ; but the success with which he car- 

 ried on the war in the neighbourhood of Madraaauflk-icutly 

 1 how m.ich he liiul profited by bin European teachers. 

 During tin- war with the Mahrattaa, which luted 



ppoo acquired the universal esteem of tlir 



i high in the fevourof his father ami 



mi's, that the left division of the Mysore army, 



put under hit commainl. With this farce Tipp< 



.iley in the neighbourhood of 1'cmiihaknm. on 

 ^eptember, 17-M' il -d to retire; but 



on ti. 'he same month an engagement . in which 



-aid to have taken an active part, ended in 

 defeat of the English army, i ^r tin- 



war . natic |?ave him opportunities of perfecting 



himself in the art of war; and on the 18th of February, 



he showed hi* skill in the attack and complete de- 

 feat of Colonel Braithwaite, on Uie banks of the Kolerun. 

 This was undoubtedly his greatest stroke of generalship. A 



uonths afterwards he was obliged to move towards the 

 south, in order to meet the English troops in the provinces 



.njore and Malwa, under the command of Colonel 

 Humbert.son. On the 20th of November Tippoo found 

 the K:i_-iish at 1'aniany. He made a vigorous attack, but 

 id compelled to retreat. He crossed the 

 river I'.iniany. and prepared himself for another engage- 

 ment, when, on th llth of December, 1782, he received 

 intelligence of the death of his father. On the lS)th he 

 iganatam, where he mounted the musnud with- 

 .mny. Hehadscarcely performed 



the Imu-ral rites of liis father when he returned to A root. 

 and assumed the command of his army. But whilst he was 

 engaged in the Carnatic General Matthews took On or*, 

 and the country of Hednore was in the hands of the Ens - 

 lish. In order to regain these more valuable possession;, 

 Tippoo was obliged to relinquish his conquest in the < 'ar- 

 HHtic, and by the end of March, 1783, scarce a Mys 

 was left in that country. His operations were so rapid 

 Kiul successful, that on the 2Hth of April Tippoo Sail) had 

 already reduced the garrison of Hednore to the ni 



.minting. General Matthews and several of the 

 pnncipal officers were barbarously put to death. After the 

 reduction of this city, it was Tippoo's object to repossess 

 himself of Mangalorc, the principal seaport in his do- 

 minions. But the place was well defended ; and in the 

 midst of his preparations for the assault accounts were re- 



1 in the camp of peace having been concluded be- 

 tween Kngland and France. It was early in July, 17K'i, 

 when M. de Hussy, in consequence of this news, declined 

 to act any lunger against the English. He quitted the 

 ramp with his detachment. A considerable reinforcement 

 having arrived under General Macleod, Tippoo agreed to 

 a suspension of arms ; and early in the year 17Ht Sir George 

 iStaunton and two other ambassadors from 

 in the camp, and on the llth of March a treaty of \- 

 which stipulated for the liberation of all the pnsoners and 

 the restitution of all places taken by either party during 

 the war, was concluded. About the end of the sain. 

 Tippoo concluded a treaty of pi-ace with the court of 



ih. He then returned to Seringapatam, and assumed 

 the title of . Sultan, thereby throwing off all dependence on 

 or all' i he captive llaja 'imprisoned by his fatherl 



or the Great Mogul. 



In 1788 he occupied himself with internal n 

 and from an inventory made at this pen ! that 



the treasure, jewels, and other valual esti- 



mated at eighty millions sterling. He i >ni ele- 



phants. lilKK) camels, 11,000 horses. -KNMKKI Imllorks au-l 



KKMHHI buffaloes, (XIO.UMI sheep. :XUK 

 300,000 matchlocks, 'JdO.OttO sword-, and Sum 

 iid an immense quantity of gunji 



military stores. HU regular army consisted of IK.INHI 

 c*val ) artillery, and 7(1. (KM') infantry, li 



also "il Mi roelii.-t-men. and 40,1X10 irregular infantry. 



ing the yearn 17*7 and 17KK the attention of the 

 Sultan was principally engaged in the conversion ai 

 jeqtion of the Nairn, or <: abar. lie i- siid to 



have carried aw 70.IMXH 'lni-tian-. and 



<ve made Muwi IIKMKKI Hindus. This he 



effected by forcible circumcision, and compelling them to 

 eat beef. 



It was about IhU time th*t he published an edict forlhc 



destruction of rill the llil'dll temples I'.i til- dolun I-. i'\- 



ih. Por- 



- officers did in 'ibnrous regula- 



tion. 



Although Tippoo Sultan did not show any overt hos- 

 tility toward the English after he had sigi .ry of 



>t in 17<7 he sent an cmbns-y to i 

 into an otlcn-i\.- and defensive : 

 the court of Versailles to a i>]'. 

 with Kngland. The ambassadors returned t 

 patam in the month of May. I7^!>. without 1 

 tamed their iibjt-ct. The disappointed Si 

 rage by putting two of them to death 

 his inte-, --. Tipjioo hated 1l>; lintish ]u> 

 he took every opportunity to annov such of the i 

 as were under its protection. The Raja of Tra\ 

 hud by the treaty of Mangalore stipulated fur the security 

 of his territories. In April. 1"!HI, Tippoo invnrled the 

 country and subjected the whole of the northern district. 

 The reasons assigned by Tippoo for the infraction of the 



of the treat v were that two fort-, 

 and .lyacotta, which were on the northern hoi 

 the RJija's possession, had belonged to his father, 

 aggression was considered by the English equivalent to 

 a declaration of war, and Colonel II;' -'-nt with a 



considerable detachment to the ja. At 



this intelligence Tippoo withdrew his army from Travan- 



iiul returned to Seringapatam, when, to his d:- 

 he heard that, the Mahrattas and the Ni/am had piv 

 the English a zealous co-o)ieration with their Ic 



On the 15th of June, 17!K), the English troops, under the 

 command of General Met! d the Sultan's terri- 



tory, and took possession of the fort of Carur without re- 

 sistance. Daraporani and Coinibatore were shortly aller- 

 \\aids reduced. About the same time a detachment, under 

 Colonel Stuart, captured Dindigul and 1'aligantehery. The 

 movements and operations of the English forces were so 

 well conducted, that Tippoo found himself unab 1 ' 

 them, and he resolved to follow the plan of 

 by his father : instead of defending his own te- 



tste those of his enemy. Tins he did with considerable 



ability; for in the beginning of 1~!>1 the English, instead 



of being masters of great part of Mysore, as they bad ex- 



i. found themselves attacked and annoyed in the very 



neighbourhood of Madras. 



On the 'Jittli of January, 1791, Lord Cornwallis assumed 

 the command of the army, and on the llth of the 

 month he was at Vellore." On the 21st of March the fort 

 df Bangalore was taken by storm. On thi- :m>oo 



retired to some distance, and wrote to Lord Cornwallis, 

 requesting a truce. This was refused, and he proceeded to 



.mi, leaving his army under the comm 



of his generals, to watch t. of tin- l-'n -'>li. On 



the 3rd of May Lord Cornwallis \\ . ithin 



sight of tin .Mpital : but his : 



great deal from want of fond and forage, and he was coni- 

 towards Bangalore. The Mahratia- 



rer to his assistance, and the warfare was carried on 

 with great slice 



.ever, whilst the English were earning on their suc- 



ins in the north-w. 

 the Sultan made a diversion (<" 

 to the south of v 



with the whole i era made The 



skill of Tip; i enabled him to protract the war till 



the month of February, 17!'-, when the allies Hie K< 

 the Mahrattas, and tl.: "-imped iu 



of the capital. Hut it was not until General Aber- 

 1 united his fon of Lord Cornwallis, 



and bad determined to take the town by storm, that the 

 haughty mind of the Sultan was humbled. He 



me half of his dominions, and to pay thorn 

 in the course of twel. IM of three Kroies and 



thirty lacs of rupees :i,o:tl).(KHI/. all the i 



ers. and to deliver up I dul- 



khalik and M i the two 



princes, and the attention and kindii- '' by Lord 



Cornwallis towards t: iiii. r h- 



est gratification to the Sul' 



definitive treaty of the Ifatl the Sultan 



one half of his dominions. L .itteil 



the neighbourhood of Scrin.gnpatain, and Tippoo sought 



