60 



THE POPULAE EDUCATOR. 



les bijoux et les joujoux de 1' enfant. 7. Les enfants ont-ils 

 les oiseaux de votre bois ? 8. Hs n'ont pas les oiseaux de mon 

 bois, mais Us ont les chevaux de mon general. 9. Le marechal 

 a-t-il une paire de bas de laine ? 10. Le marechal a deux paires 

 de bas de laine. 11. Monsieur, n'avez-vous pas froid ? 12. 

 Non, Monsieur, j'ai chaud. 13. Avez-vous du cafe ou du 

 chocolat ? 14. Je n'ai ni cafe ni chocolat. 15. N'avez-vous 

 pas les choux de mon grand jardin ? 16. J'ai les legumes de 

 votre petit jardin. 17. Votre fils, qu' a-t-il? 18. Mon fils n'a 

 rien. 19. Avez-vous deux morceaux de pain ? 20. Le meunier 

 a un morceau de pain et deux barils de farine. 21. L'epicier 

 a-t-il du cafe, du the, du chocolat, et du poivre ? 22. II a du 

 the et du cafe, et le chocolat et le poivre de votre marchand. 

 23. Qui a de 1'argent ? 24. Je n'ai pas d'argent, mais j'ai du 

 papier. 25. Avez-vous de bon papier ? 26. J'ai de mauvais 

 papier. 



EXERCISE 16. 

 1. Have you my brother's horses P 2. I have not your 



brother's horses, I have your cousin's hats. 3. Have the black- 

 smiths good iron ? 4. The blacksmith has two pieces of iron. 

 5. Have you two pairs of stockings ? 6. I have one pair of 

 stockings and two pairs of gloves. 7. Has your sister the gold 

 jewels? 8. My sister has the gold jewels and the paper play- 

 things. 9. Have you the cabbages in your garden ? 10. We 

 have two cabbages in our garden. 11. Have you the silk hats ? 

 12. The generals hare the silk hats. 13. Have you coffee or 

 sugar ? 14. We have neither coffee nor sugar. 15. Are your 

 brothers ashamed ? 16. My brothers are neither ashamed nor 

 afraid. 17. Who has two barrels of flour ? 18. The miller has 

 two barrels of flour. 19. Have the birds bread? 20. The 

 birds have no bread. 21. Has the merchant tea, chocolate, 

 sugar, and pepper ? 22. He has sugar and pepper, but he has 

 neither tea nor chocolate. 23. What has your sister ? 24. She 

 has nothing. 25. What is the matter with your brother ? 26i 

 Nothing is the matter with him. 27. Is he not cold ? 28. He 

 is not cold, he is warm. 



COPT-SLIP NO. 8. COMBINATION OF THE LETT^F.3 U, t. 



COPY-SLIP NO. 9. COMBINATION OF THE LETTEItS 1, 1. 



COPY-SLIP NO. 10. COMBINATION OF THE LETTERS t, 1. 



LESSONS IN PENMANSHIP. IV. 



As it is impossible for any one who is attempting to teach himself 

 the art of Penmanship to write well without practice, we now 

 give three more combinations of pairs of the four letters that the 

 reader has already learned to make, before passing on to other 

 letters of the alphabet in writing, for whose formation strokes 

 are required that differ in shape and character from the first 

 elementary stroke that forms the basis of the letters i, U, t> 1- 



At this stage of our Lessons in Penmanship, it may not be 

 out of place to say bcmething about the kind of handwriting 

 that the student^ of this part of the POPULAR EDUCATOR are 

 practising, and to give those who may feel disposed to rule 

 paper for themselves, in imitation of our copy-slips, a few brief 

 instructions that will enable them to do so. 



First, with regard to the kind or description of handwriting 

 that is set before our readers in our present series of elementary 

 copy-slips, it should be said that it is called Large Text, and 

 that it is the largest, plainest, and boldest of the four kinds of 

 handwriting usually practised by learners. The three hands 

 that yet remain to be named are termed Text Hand, Round 

 Hand or Half Text, and Small or Running Hand. Of these, 

 Large Text is usually written between lines half an inch apart ; 

 Text Hand, between lines one-third of an inch apart ; Round 

 Hand, between lines five-twenty-fourths of an inch apart, or 



rather less than one-fourth of an inch; and Small Hand, on 

 single lines, and sometimes between double lines three- 

 thirty-seconds of an inch apart, or rather less than one-eighth 

 of an inch. For those who may not have a graduated scale of 

 inches, we append a printed scale, show- 

 ing the respective widths of the four 

 kinds of writing that have been named. Large Text J inch. 



Now, to show our readers how to rule 

 a page wherein to copy any of the ex- 

 amples that have been or will be given, 

 let us suppose that the learner wishes to Text Hand!^ inch, 

 prepare paper for copying 1 1, as in Copy- 

 slip No. 10. First rule two lines one on EoTind Hand ;^ inch . 

 either side of the page, close to the mar- 

 gin, from top to bottom, taking care that Small Hand!^\ inch, 

 they are parallel to each other that is to 



say, at equal distances from each other all the way down. Then 

 rule a line across the top of the page, also close to the margin and 

 at right angles to the parallel lines at the sides of the paper, or 

 " square with them," as a joiner would say, and, commencing 

 from this line, set off with compasses along the side lines dis- 

 tances equal to e d, da, ac, cb, in order, as in Copy-slip No. 10, 

 and repeat this as often as the length of the paper will allow, 

 taking care to leave a space of one-fourth of an inch between 

 the last of each set of five lines and the first of the next which 



