LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



61 



follow*. 'I'lf iliitanoes ed, oc, eb, are each equal to one-fourth 

 of nn inch, urn! .< ' t<> nthiof an inch. 



. learner will be enabled 



nt seta of fire horizontal and parallel linen, fire 



nix' ivquiivil in i-iidi nut, in thin cane, to determine' thn 



height of dm li tii'i--; un i 'portions one to ;. 



il lines (No. 5), Betofferalongthetopin 



. il to thirteen-sixteenth! of an inch, and draw a straight 



lino tlir.vu.,'11 tin' p'.:!iU bx. This will serve as your Kiiiilu 



linn for ; -nl;i! .n ' tin- remainder of tho eloping lines, and all 



< to complete thorn is to Hot off spaces along tho 



. ''>, equal to x y or b z, and rule straight linos passing 



y succeeding pair of points, commencing from tho 



, through which tho guide lino for regulating tho 



im-liiu'd linos was drawn. 



EXAMl'LEU OF TH BEYIIUI* CAMH. 



LESSONS IN GERMAN. III. 



SECTION V. THE NOUN. OLD DECLENSION. 

 THERE are in German four cases, namely : the SRominatiu, 



ing to tho English nominative; tho tnituj, answering to 



-li-h possessive; the 3)atit>, which has no corresponding 



oaso in English; and tho 9lccufati, which answers to the English 



Objff! 



Of tho four cases, tho dative, without a preposition, generally 

 corresponds to our objective governed by to or for, as : 



3$ gebe tern QJlanne ba8 (Vlaa. I give (to) the man the glass. 



(Jt macb. t bent SDiannc eincn -'jut. Ho makes (for) the man a hat. 

 Often, however, the dative in German is construed with a 

 preposition, where, as above, the objective is of course employed 

 in English, as : 



5)a8 Stint ifl I n ttm $aufe, 



55tr Jjjunb ifl u n 1 1 r btm Saume. 



2>tr 3-io.tr gtbt nach. btm SBafbe. 



cr i'lann ifl auf tern Scbifft. 

 55ft Jvci? i|l a n fccm SEtfdbe. 



The child is in the house. 

 Tho dog is under the tree. 

 The hunter goes to the forest. 

 Tho man is on the ship. 

 The cook is at the table. 





DECLENSION OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE MASCULINE AND 

 NEUTER IN THE SINGULAR. 



Masculine. Neuter. 



Sftominatitt. 2) t r, the ; b a 8, tho ; 



cnitio. 3) e 8, of the ; b e 8, of the ; 



3)ath). 3) t m, to or for the; b e m, to or for the ; 



2lccufath>. 3) t n, the ; b a 8, the. 



German nouns have two forms of declension, called the Old 

 and the New. In the old declension, the genitive, like the cor- 

 responding case in English, is formed by affixing 8 to tho 

 nominative, as : 



Sftcm. 3>tr 93atcr, the father. tn. 5)eS S5ater8, the father's. 



Nouns ending in 8, p, 5, or two consonants, generally add c8 in 

 the genitive, thus, like our words which end with the sound of 

 8, x, z, soft c or s, forming an additional syllable. 



9lom. 3)a8 Stop, the horse. en. 5)c8 SRc>ffe8, the horse's. 



RULES FOR FORMING THE CASES OF NOUNS ACCORDING TO 

 THE OLD DECLENSION. 



EULE I. The genitive adds 8 or e8 to the nominative. 

 EULE II. Tho dative drops tho 8 of the genitive ( 13. Note). 

 EULE III. The accusative is like the nominative. 



DECLENSION OF NOUNS ADDING 8 IN THE GENITIVE. 



Masculine. Neuter. 



91. 35 c r Cater, tho father ; b a 8 SftStc^tn, the girl ; 



. 3) 1 8 ater8, tho father's ; bed SWdbctyenS, the girl's ; 



S). 3) e m Cater, to.forthefather; b t m 3Katc$en, to, for tho girl ; 



SI. 3) e n Cater, tho father ; b n 8 aftdbcbcn, the girl. 



DECLENSION OF NOUNS ADDING f8 IN THE GENITIVE. 



Masculine. Neuter. 



91. !Tf r TOann, the man; ba8 .Rinb, tho child. 



. 3) 1 8 2Nannt8, the man's ; b 1 8 .RinbtS, the child's ; 



3). 3) t m aftannt, to, for the man; b t m Stintt, to, for the child ; 



SL 3) t n 2JJann, the man ; b a t Stint, the child. 



CONJUGATION OF THE PRESENT SINGULAR OF tin AND 



3* bin, I am ; icb lobt, I praise ; 



it ftnb, you are ; it lobtn, you praise ; 



Cr ift, he is ; tr lobt, he praises. 



$al Jtamctl ifl flar! 

 Der Vun; i<t ttcu unt 

 !Dal !i)|rtt i ft f$on unt 



The camel U Btronf. 



Thedog u faithful and watohfoL 



VM*M*M md flMNta 



3)a8 SDafJer te 3)Jeere8 ifl fa()ij 

 35er sU.ium te ilOalle* ifl gri>. 

 De Jtintet U3a(l ifl wri^. 



The water of UM BM u M! t 

 ITie tree of the f ocwt is large. 

 The child'- ball u soft. 



Whether in caBOB of thin kind, where the genitive U tued to 

 denote posBesBton, we ahould Bay, Tet Hall It* JliMtJ (the ball at 

 tho child), or, X4 4inbt< fiaU (the child's ball), U a point regulated 

 by no certain rule. The former mode u the more common in 

 Gorman. 



Nominative and Dative. 



The letter IB from the father. 

 The poaaant ii in the field. 



He sends it to the friend. 



Dtr SBritf ifl \>m btm 93attr. 

 Der Bauer ifl in bem geltt. 

 Or frbuft t ttm Srtuntt. 



Nominative and Accusative. 



3>cr unb btipt btn 3>icb. The dog bite* the thief. 



er cbmitb bammert tat fifen. The smith hammera the iron. 

 3>a Jtinb litbt unb lobt ttn iDatrr. The child lovea and pnuBM tiM 



father. 



Nominative, Dative, Qenitive,'and Accusative. 



3)er QSattt te8 Stinttt giebt tern The father of the child give* 

 iBrubtt ten i?cgel. (to) the brother the bird. 



er $crrfcber be8 taate8 fcbicft bem The ruler of the state Bends (to) 

 Aritger ta8 3^ert. the warrior the sword. 



EKSUME OF EXAMPLES. 



3)tr 2BcIf lebt in bem SBaltt. 

 3)a Slint liebt ten 3?ruter. 

 3>er Se^rtr (obt bt8 



3)er c^nee Itegt auf bem 93trgt. 

 a8 OJJibc^en ^at be8 >JSater8 ^ut. 

 ct So^n re8 s8ac!tr8 ^at iBrob in 



bem orbe ; tr giebt tt btm Set- 



tler. 



The wolf lives in the forest. 

 The child loves the brother. 

 The teacher praises the scholar' s 



industry. 



The snow lies on the mountain. 

 The girl has the father's hat 

 The son of the baker has bread 



in the basket ; he give* it to 



the beggar. 



EXERCISE 6. 



1. inb ie btr grtunb tt Sdcftrt ? 2. Sfttin, i<$ bin tn &wunb bfl 

 SifcbferS. 3. 2Ba8 bat ter greunt tt S(tif^tr8 ? 4. <?r bat tot ^an> 

 unb ba8 $ferb tt8 Sauer*. 5. Sfflo ifl ta* 3)Jtbl ? 6. 98 ift in ttm 

 adt be8 auHer8. 7. 2Bo ifl ba8 Stern ? 8. 98 ift in ttm Srrbe M 

 SauerS. 9. SBer litbt btnSt^rtry 10. Dtt <^uItT Htbt bn Jt^ttr. 

 11. inb it feblilfrig? 12. Stein, icb bin turftig 13. SBo ift Kt 

 S3aH tt8 33rurer8 ? 14. $a8 Stint ^at ben att trt SBruttrt in ban $*tt 

 be8 ater8. 15. SDo ifl ta8 $ftrt> te Sebrert ? 16. <f ift in btm 

 taUe. 17. tobt ter ItfAIer btn 3immtrmann ? 18. Stein, bn 6* 

 bt8 3immtrmann( lobt ttn o&n bt< Sebrert. 19. SBo ift btt : 



ffbjtrt? 20. <fc (Scot XVHI. 3) ifl in ttm 3immet brt ^tbtrrt 

 21. iebt ber 3immtrmann btn I'ebrerY 22. 3a, tr litbt unt lc*t ttn 

 Ce^rtr. 23. er fflJann ifl an tern 2if$e, tal *u^ ift oaf bem 3iftc 

 unb tei $unb ifl unter ttm Hifcb. t. 



SECTION VI. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 



,,3>ttftr" is declined, in the masculine, precisely like the defi- 

 nite article ; while in the neuter, as will be seen in the follow- 

 ing declension, all its endings, except the dative, are alike 

 [ 62- (2)1 



By the reference* in Roman numerals, thuB (Sect. iV 111. 3), M 

 above, the learner is directed to Sections in Part I. of UMB* 

 Roforeuces thus [ 62 (3)] refer to th* Sections in Part U. 



