86 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOE. 



LESSONS IN FRENCH. VI. 



SECTION I. FEENCH PEONUNCIATION (continued) . 

 III. NAME AND SOUND OP THE VOWELS. 



41. I, i. Name, EE, ee; sound, like the letters ee in the 

 English word see. 



This vowel receives but one kind of accent, and that is the 

 circumflex, viz. : /, i ; though it is comparatively seldom found 

 thus accented. This vowel has two sounds, viz., long and short; 

 long, as ce in the English word see, and short, like % in the 

 English word pin, or nearly like it. It becomes nasal in com- 

 bination with the letters TO and n, in which case the character 

 of its own sound ia completely changed, which is indeed true of 

 all the vowels. 



In these Lessons, the vowel I, i, will be represented by the 

 two letters ee, when long or under the circumflex accent, and by 

 e when it has the short sound. 



EXAMPLES. 



FRENCH. PEONUN. ENGLISH. | FRENCH. PRONUN. ENGLISH. 

 Ciro Seer Wax. Liquide Lce-keed Liquid. 



Dire Deer To say. Lire Leer To read. 



Dit Dee Said. Lit Lee Bed. 



II 111 He. Mille Meel Thousand. 



Iris Ee-ria Iris. Qui Kee Who. 



Lime Leem File. Kite Eeet (trill Rite. 



ther) 



42. I, i, CIRCUMFLEX. Name, EE, ce; sound, like the letters 

 ee in the English word see; sound prolonged. 



EXAMPLES. 



FRENCH. PRONUN. ENGLISH. 



Abime 



Assit 



.Battit 



Dime 



Diner 



Ab-eem Abyss. 



Ass-ee Might assist. 



Bat-toe Might beat. 



Deem Tenth. 



Des-nay To dine. 



FRENCH. PRONTJN. ENGLISH. 

 Epitre Ay-peetr* Epistle. 

 Finit Fe-nee Might finish. 

 Gite Zheet Xodg ing-place. 

 lie Eel Island. 



Mit Mee Mi'jltt place. 



-SECTION XII. AGEEEMENT OF ADJECTIVES. PLUEAL OF 

 ADJECTIVES. 



1. An adjective qualifying a plural noun, or two or more 

 singular nouns of the same gender, assumes the gender of the 

 noun or nouns, and is put in the plural. 



Les arbres et lea fruits sout beaux, The trees and fruits are fine. 

 Les fleur.3 et les plantes sont belles, The flowers and plants arc fine. 

 Vos jardius sout tros-beaux, Your gardens are very fine. 



2. An adjective qualifying two or more noons of different 

 genders is put in the plural masculine [ 18]. 



! Mori frore ct ma soeur sout coutents, My brother and sister are pleased. 

 Le canif et la plume sout bons, The penknife and pen are good. 



3. The plural of the feminine of adjectives is invariably formed 

 by the addition of an s. 



Vous avcz cle jolies maisons, 

 Ces demoiselles sout atteutives, 



You have pretty houses. 



Those young ladies are attentive. 



4. The plural of the masculine of adjectives is generally formed 

 iy the addition of an s. 



Ses (5coliers sont atteutifs, Those scholars are attentive. 



Vos bois sont naagnifiques, Four woods are magnificent. 



5. The terminations s and aj are not changed for the plural 

 "lasculine. 



Nos fruits sont mauvais, Our fruits are bo/*. 



Vos oiseaux sout hidoux, Your birds are hideous. 



6. To tho termination eau, x is added for the plural masculine. 

 Vos cuamps sont tres-beaux, Your fields are very fine. 



7. The termination al is generally changed into aux for 'the 

 plural masculine [ 17 (3)]. 



Les homines sont ^gaux, .Men, are equal. 



8. For more explicit rules, and for exceptions, see 17, 

 Part II. 



9. PRESENT OF THE INDICATIVE OF ETRE, To BE. 



Negatively. 



Te ne suis pas, I am not. 



Tu n'e3 pas, Thou art r.ot. 



II n'est pas, He is not. 



Elle n'est pas, She is not. 



Nous ne sommes pas, We are not. 



Vows ii'i-tes pas, 

 Us ne sont pas, m 



You are not. 

 They are not. 



EUes ne sont pas, f., They are not. 



Negatively and Interrogatively. 

 Ne suis-jo pas ? Am I not ? 



N'es-tu pas ? . Art thou not ? 



N'est-il pas ? Is he not ? 



N'est-elle pas ? Is she not ? 



He sommes - nous Are we not ? 



pas? 



N'etes-vous pas ? Are you not? 

 Ne sont-ils pas? m., Are they not? 

 Ne sont-elles pas ? f.. Art then not ? 



RESUME op EXAMPLES. 



Avez-vous des Rollers attentifs ? Have you attentive scholars ? 



lies ^coliers et mes dcolieres sonfc My scholars (male and female) art 



tres attentifs et tres-studieux. very attentive and very studious. 



Ces demoiselles sont-elles studi- Are those young ladies studious ? 



euses ? 



Elles ne sont pas tres-studieuses. Tliey are not very studious. 



Ces regies sont-elles gunerales ? Are those rules general ? 



Ces principes sont gt!uei-aux. Those principles are general. 



Leurs habilleinents sout superbes. Their clothes are superb. 



Avez-vous peur de oes chevaux Are you afraid of those restivt 



retifs ? horses 1 



Vos montres d'or sont excellentes. Four gold watches are excellent. 



Les miennes sont-elles rneilleures Are mine better than yours ? 



que les votres ? 



Les votres sont ineilleures que les Yours are better t/iar mine. 



mienues. 



VOCABULARY. 



Agrdable, agreeable. 

 Aind, -e, elder. 

 Alleinaude, f., German. 

 Jamais, never. 

 Indulgent, -e, indulgent 

 Laine, f., wool; woollon. 

 Maroquin, m., morocco. 



Mauvais, -e, bad. 

 Mule, f., mule. 

 Oisif, -ve, idle. 

 Pantoufles, f., slippers. 

 Personne, m., nobody. 

 Eutif, -ve, restive. 



EXERCISE 21. 



Sou vent, often. 

 Travail, m., labour. 

 Tres, very. 



Velours, m., velvet. 

 Vif, -ve, quick, lively. 



1. Les chevaux de notre ami sont-ils retifs ? 2. Ses dievattx 

 ne sont pas retifs, mais ses mules sont tres-retives. 3. Les 

 chevaux et les mules de votre frere sont excellents. 4. Vos 

 sceurs sont-elles tres-vives ? 5. Mes freres et mes soeurs sont 

 tres-vifs. 6. Sont-ils souvent oisifs ? 7. Non, Monsieur, mes 

 sceurs ne sont jamais oisives. 8. Avez-vous peur de votre 

 frere ? 9. Non, Monsieur, je n'ai peur de personne. 10. Ne 

 sommes-nous pas indulgents? 11. Vous tes indulgents, et 

 vous avez raison. 12. Ai-je vos livres ? 13. Vous no les avez 

 pas, vous avez ceux de mon frere aine. 14. Ne les avez- vous 

 pas ? 15. Jo ne les ai pas. 16. Avez-vous une bonne paire de 

 bas de laine ? 17. J'ai une belle paire de bas do soie. 18. 

 Avez-vous les bonnes maisons ou les mauvaises ? 19. Je n'ai 

 ni les bonnes ni les mauvaises, j'ai celles de ma cousine. 20. 

 Le travail est-il agreable ? 21. Le travail est utilo et agreable. 

 22. Avez-vous mes beaux souliers do maroquin ? 23. Je n'ai 

 pas vos beaux souliers do maroquin, j'ai vos belles pantoufles 

 de velours. 



EXERCISE 22. 



1. Are your brothers and sisters very (lien) quick ? 2. My 

 brothers are quick, but my sisters are not quick. 3. Have you 

 not two restive horses ? 4. No, but I have a restive mule. 5. 

 Have you not two good pairs of silk gloves ? 6. I have a good 

 pair of cotton gloves, and two pairs of silk gloves. 7. Are you 

 not afraid of your friends ? 8. No, Sir, I am never afraid of 

 my friends. 9. I am afraid of nobody. 10. Are you right or 

 wrong ? 11. I am right. 12. Have you my beautiful leather 

 slippers, or my old satin slippers ? 13. I have your old leather 

 shoes and your velvet slippers. 14. Are those ladies pleased ? 

 15. Those ladies are pleased, and they are right. 16. Has the 

 German lady your father's shoes or mine ? 17. She has neither 

 his nor yours, she has my sister's. 18. Has your elder brother 

 good houses or bad? 19. His houses aro bettor than yours and 

 than mine.* 20. Are his houses old? 21. His houses are old, 

 but they are good. 22. Have you them ? 23. No, Sir, I have 

 them not, I have no houses. 24. Have you my brother's or my 

 sister's ? 25. Your sister has hers and my mother's. 26. Are 

 your scholars attentive ? 27. My scholars are very attentive 

 and very studious. 28. Are those German ladies studious ? 

 29. They are very studious and very attentive. 30. Are you 

 often wrong ? 



SECTION XIII. PLACE OF THE ADJECTIVES. EEL ATIVE 

 PEONOUN EN. 



1. The adjective in French follows the noun much more 

 frequently than it precedes it [ 85 (1)]. 



Vous avez des amis fldeles, 



Ma soeur a des livres instructifs, 



To-u have faithful friends. 

 My sister IMS instructive books. 



* Que meaning which, and que conjunction, are never understood in 

 French, they must be repeated before every noun, pronoun, and verb 

 F 17. E. 1]. 



