THE POPULAR EDUCATOB. 



LESSONS IN GEKMAN. V. 



SECTION XL FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES DENOTING 

 MATERIAL. 



ADJECTIVES denoting the material of which a thing is made 

 are formed by suffixing to nouns the letters n, en, or ern. Ex., 

 ?eber, Icbcrn (leather, leathern) ; olb, gotten (gold, golden) ; SBlei, 

 &ctcrn (lead, leaden), etc. If the root vowel be a, o, or it, it is 

 frequently changed to its corresponding Umlaut, as : las, 

 gldfern (glass, made of glass) ; 0(3, f oljern (wood, wooden). (See 

 Sect. II. 12, ac, etc.) 



VOCABULARY. 



S>. ut-cr, to or for good; 

 21. ut-e, good; 



rotty-er, to or for red ; 

 rotl;-e, red. 



E OF EXAMPLES. 

 fttterncr Soffel tfi fcf on, unb Tour silver spoon is beautiful, 



mcin ciferneS 2Rcffcr tfl fcfyvuer. 

 JDtefcr flcincrne SHfcty tfi fc&toer. 

 Sa Sckn beS tftnbcS tfl em golbner 



Xraum. 



and my iron knife is heavy. 

 This stone table is heavy. 

 The life of the child is a golden 



dream. 



3fl nicft etn ctferncS @cf iff baucrf aft ? Is not an iron ship durable ? 

 EXERCISE 12. 



1. $tf>m ie metn tetfeS Oftft ? 2. Stein, icf f abe 3fr filberneS >bft 

 meffer, unb 3fr after greunb, ber Sefrcr, fat ba8 retfe Dbfl. 3. J&aben 

 te meinen fttterncn SBlctfiift ? 4. Stein, bcr gute Sef rer fat if n. 5. 

 Sat ber alte Jvocf meinen f oljernen Xtfcf ? 6. Stein, fecr Xifcf let fat if n, 

 after ber Jtocf fat einen marmorncn Xifcf. 7. -Sat er aucf cm foljernc8 

 ffafj ? 8. 3a, unb bicfer ftctpige cfitlcr fat ein fcf one8, McierneS Xtnten* 

 fafj. 9. at cr aucf cinen ftlbernen SSecfer? 10. 3a, unb cr fat aucf 

 tinen fupfernen ^cffcl unb einen cifcrnen 3florfer. 11. -fcaben ie ba8 ncue 

 Sflcffer metneS jungctt gteunbeS ? 12. Stem, icf fate ein ncueS aflcffer son 

 bcm guten Jtattfmanne. 13. at bicfcr flcifitge cfiilcr ta8 gute Sucf 

 be altcn greunbeS, obcr ben filbcrncn SBlcifttft fetneS guten SSettcrS ? 14. 

 <r fat nieber ein gute? SSucf , nocf einen ftlbcrnen SSlctflift er fat nur 

 einen foljernen 23fciflift 15. 3Qo tfl bcr fupfcrnc (Section IX. 2) Jteffet 

 be8 tfocfS ? 16. <Dcr armc aflann fat nur ctncn ctfernen .Scffel. 



EXERCISE 13. 



1. Has she [fte] my ripe fruit? 2. The old cook has my 

 silver [fttterncn] pencil. 3. Has he also a new [neueS] knife ? 

 4. The good merchant [Jtaufmann] has an [cinen] old marble 

 table. 5. He has neither a golden [golbeneg] fruit-knife nor a 

 silver [fitterncn] cup. 6. Summer [3)er ommer] is a [cine] golden 

 time [3cit]. 7. The diligent joiner has the iron [eifcrncn] kettle 

 of the cook. 



SECTION XII. THE FEMININE GENDER OF ARTICLES, 

 NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, ETC. 



The articles in the feminine singular are declined thus : 



St. btc, the ; (bicfe) cine, a; (meine). 



. ber, of the; (bicfcr) cincr, of a; (mciner). 



>. ber, to or for the; (btefcr) eincr, to or for a; (mciner). 



21. btc, the. (btcfc) etne, a. (meine). 



The pupil having now had in due course all the forms of the 

 article in the singular, may note, that like btefer (which differs 

 from the definite article only in having eg instead of a $ in the 

 nom. and ace. neuter, Sect. VII.), are declined all the words in 

 list 2, Sect. IX. ; and that like ein, are inflected all those in the 

 list, etn, mcin, fein, etc., Sect. X. 



Feminine nouns are in the singular indeclinable ; as, nom. btc 

 eibe (the silk) ; gen. ber eibe ; dat. feer eibe ; ace. bte eibe. 



The adjective in the feminine singular has two forms. When 

 rt stands alone, or unaffected by a preceding word ( 29), the 

 nominative and accusative end in c, the genitive and dative in er. 

 It is then said to be of 



THE OLD DECLENSION. 



When preceded by either of the articles, or by any one of the 

 adjective pronouns (see lists Sect. IX. and X.), the adjective 

 terminates in the nominative and accusative as in the old 

 declension, but in the genitive and dative in the letters en. 

 Thus : 



31. bte gut-e, the good; 

 . bcr gut-en, of the good ; 

 3). ber gut-en, to or for the good; 

 81. btc gut-e, the good ; 



meine att-e, my old ; 

 metiter alt-en, of my old ; 

 mctner alt-en, to my old ; 

 meine a(t-c, my old. 



I. The personal pronoun te (you) is always written with a 

 capital initial, while fie (she or her) is only thus written at the 

 beginning of a sentence. Hence in writing, no ambiguity an 

 arise. Ex., 3c$ fefye @tc, I see you; tcl) fetye fte, I see her. When 

 te is used in the nominative, the form, of the verb determines 

 the person. Ex., @ie fetyen tl)n, you see him; te ficfyt tl)n, she 

 sees him. Whether, however, @ie (when in the accusative) stands 

 for you or her, nan only be determined by the context. The 

 orthography of the possessive pronouns 3fjr (your) and tf>r (her) 

 is also identical, and, in speaking, is liable to equal ambiguity. 

 Thus, 3f)r aSucf) tfl grofi, may signify, your book is large, or her 

 look is large; and, 3cfy i)at>e ifyr 23uci), may mean, I have thevr 

 book, or I have her book. The significations of fte in the 

 accusative, and of tfir in all the cases, must of course, when 

 spoken, be determined by the connection. (See Declension, 



Sect, xvn.; 



VOCABULARY. 



SI, itt-e, good ; 

 @. @ut-cr, of good ; 



rotlj-e, red ; 

 rct^-cr, of red ; 



EESUME OF EXAMPLES. 



35er SSruber fat taS 23uc$ ber The brother has the book of 



@cf tocftcr. the sister. 



>cr SSater gicbt ber Xocf ter ein The father gives the daughter 



S3ucf . a book. 



er -ut meiner aflutter tfl fcf on. The hat of my mother is beau- 

 tiful. 



2Bo tfl bte lift Sfrer grdulcin Where is your cousin's watch ? 



Souftne ? 



ie tfl in ber anb tfter Oflutter. It is in lier mother's hand. 



EXERCISE 14. 



1. 3fl bic funge Sscftocflcr bicfer jungen 35amc in "Deutfcftanb? 2. Stein, 

 fte ift in granfreicf , aber tfr SSruber tfl in America. 3. 2Bo tfl meine 

 neue, golbene gcber? 4. Sfre junge greunbtn, grduletn ., fat fte (Sect. 

 XVII. 3.) 5. $at Sfre aflutter bie fcf one eibe 3f rcr Xante ? 6. So, 

 unb aucf bie fcf one, feine Scinftanb. 7. 2Bo ift Sfre golbene SBritte ? 8. 



) fabe feine golbene SSrittc. 9. -aben ie cine fitterne, obcr eine 

 golbene Ufr ? 10. Scf fabe tine fitterne lift. 11. Sfl fte eine gute lift? 

 12. 3a, after fie tfl nicft fefr fcf on. 13. 2Bo ifl Sfrc llfr? 14. ie ift 

 in mctner lifrtafcfe 15. at Sfre cftuefler cine golbene lift? 16. 3a, 

 unb fte fat aiicf eine fcfiinc, golbene Jtettc. 17. 2Bo tfl meine neue 

 cfeere ? 18. Scf fabe fte, after fte tfl nicft fefr fcfarf. 19. 2Bo ift 



re @cf mcfler ? 20. te tfl ftet ber (Sect. XVII. 3.) aflutter in b*r 

 SSiftliotfef. 21. 2Bo tfi meine gtdferne Samfe? 22. Scf fabe fte. 

 23. SBcr fat mein neuel DpcrnglaS ? 24. Scb fabe c? unb Sfre nette 

 SrtUe. 



EXERCISE 15. 



1. The mother of this lady is in France. 2. Has the beautiful 

 daughter of the good [ber guten] aunt a golden [golbene] watch ? 

 3. My diligent brother has neither a golden watch nor a 

 good [gutc] opera-glass. 4. My good sister has no [feine] fine 

 linen, but [abcr] she has a new [ncue] glass lamp. 5. My cousin 

 with [mit] the [bcr] golden spectacles is with [ftei] my [ntetnem] 

 beautiful brother in the library. 



