. LATIN. 



M 



Hut hero wo have a compound Kcntenoe, a < .l.nil.1.- 



sentunco. A 



I..M..I in the last state of the sen 

 two fuots u: nientiemed tome boys, and ' 



Ami those two fact* arc HO Htat.nl llmt ; 



without the MUM of 11 io ot In r, i 



I 'Ut the boyn 



' iitioned love play. Von thin s.-c that tip- oni- pn>- 

 tl is intimately romu-i'ti-d v.itli ti. 



lund eontonce, such aa 1 !:;. , .- m>\v presented to yon, 

 is a HI . < >t tlicsti two wiit.i-1: 



tin- principal^ th>- otin-r the ttu'ionliimtn 0110. Tho 

 iinate sentence is that which is introduced by tho rela- 

 tive proiu't: .1 sentence is that into \\hii-h 

 :iato oontenco is introduced; as you aoe in thU 

 diagram : 



Sentence. 



Tho b;ul boys always love much play. 



Subordinate Sentence. 

 whom I mentioned. 



Itcvort now to tho single sentence. 



Subject. '-ate. 



The dog 

 and turn tho sentence, thus : 



Subject. 



Copula, 

 bit 



Object, 

 a muu. 



Predicate. 



Copula. Object. 



Tho man bit a dog. 



What I wish to set before you is, that dog and man, remain the 

 samu iu form, they are unchanged in this respect, whether thoy 

 form t ! . or the object of a proposition. In Latin, it is 



not BO. In Latin, the former sentence or statement is, 



Subject. Object. 



Canis momordit homiuem. 



Tho hitter sentence is, 



Siibjcf. Object. 



Homo momordit cauem. 



A change, yon see, has taken place : the subject, canis, has be- 

 come tho object, canem ; and the subject, homo, has become tho 

 i '')n. A similar change takes place in the Latin 

 adjectives ; as thus : 



momordit 



bit 



Object. 



bonura hominem 

 a good man. 



Subject. 

 Malu.s canis 

 A bad dog 



Invert tho statement, 



Subject. Object. 



Bonus homo momordit malum, canem. 



A good man bit a bad dog. 



Hence you learn that tho subject and the object are, in Latin, 

 marked by different terminations in the nouns and tho adjec- 

 tives. 



Diversities of termination are used in Latin to mark 'number 

 in nouns and adjectives. In English wo say good boy and good 

 boys, denoting the plural by adding s to a noun, but leaving tho 

 adjective tho same in tho plural as it is in the singular. In 

 Latin, however, both adjective and noun undergo a change in 

 passing from tho sitigular into tho plural, thus : 



Singular. but iu tho Plural. 



bonus puer bom pueri 



ffoo* &<>y, ffood boys, 



where, observe, MS has become i, and r has become ri. You 

 thus see that there are two ways of forming tho plural in Latin ; 

 first, by changing tho termination, as us is changed into i ; or 

 by adding to tho termination, as r becomes ri, by the addition 

 of t. If, instead of operating on MS, you operate on tho stem 

 bon, then the plural in both cases is formed by addition, and in 

 both by tho addition of t. Instead of i, sometimes es, and some- 

 times MS is added to form the plural. But that which I now 

 particularly wish you to mark is, that while in English adjectives 

 undergo no change iu standing before nouns in the plural, in the 



-o ; and that change ia at the end 



of the adjective, a* it u at tho cud of the noon. A change for 

 another purpose takes place at the end of nouns and adjective* 

 . ouch change* gender or MX U denoted. In Bng- 

 li-.li, vou know, we *y, good bride, yood bridegrf 

 good in tho Maine whether it qualify a feminine or a maieuline 

 nuiui. Not HO in I Latin, yood in the former in*tanoe 



would In- l. latu-r, boniu. 80 apouu*, brideyroom, 



become* in tho feminine, Mponiia, brida. 



KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN LATIN.- 

 EXEKCIHE 5. LATIN-EN'.: 



III. 



1. Thou owest (ougutest). 2. He teaches. 3. He U exercised. 



I. Wo flourish. 5. You rejoice. 6. They are bitten. 7. Wo more. 

 8. You move. 9. They more. 10. Thou fearest. 11. H fur 



in frightened. 13. You uro frightened. 11. I owe (that in, I ought) 

 to obey. 15. If you obey you are praised. 16. If we are HI leu t we are 

 praised. 17. Thou art taught and art educated. 18. They ar 

 and are praised. 19. I am bitten and am wounded. 20. If thou 

 woundcst thou art blamed. 21. They are held. 



EXERCISE 6. ENGLISH-LATIN. 



1. Times ct terruris. 2. Si tacco vituperor. 3. Gandet. 4. Gmu- 

 loinus. 5. UuuJuut. C. Tc. tat mordcrc. 7. Teutnmui educare. 

 J . Pares ct lauUuri.s. '.). Mordemus. 10. Si uonleiiius vitupcramur. 



II. Exercent. 12. Movemini. 13. Saltat. 11. Dclectautur. 15. 

 Oruamini. 



EXEECISE 7. LATIN-ENQLISH. 



1. Thou dcceivcst. 2. Ho is deceived. 3. Wo aro deceived. 4. I 

 deceive and am blamed. 5. Ho yields. C. Thou rcadcst. ~. !!; 

 writes. 8. He reads well. 9. Thou deceivcst greatly. 10. If he is 

 loved he rejoices. 11. We are pricked. 12. Thou conqaerest. 13. We 

 nre conquered. 14. They are conquered. 15. He fall*. 16. Thou 

 slayest. 17. If thou slayest thou art blamed. 18. He reminds 

 (advises) well. 10. Thou art badly educated. 20. We are greatly 

 moved. 21. We dance aud rejoice. 22. Hu is injured. 23. You are 

 injured. 21. You dcfciul. 25. They are defended. 26. I am loved. 



EXEKCISE 8. ENGLISH-LATIN. 



1. Pareo. 2. Si pareo diligor. 3. Valde diligitur. 4. Scribit bene. 

 5. Pingunt male. (i. Saltaat bene. 7. Gaudeo si valde legit. 8. Pin- 

 gis. 9. Parent et laudantur. 10. Si re^itis bene dUigimini. 11. De- 

 feaduut. 12. Defendimini. 13. Falh'tur. 14. Punguntur. 



EXERCISE 9. LATIN-ENGLISH. 



1. Thou guardest. 2. He is supported. 3. He comes. 4. Why 

 slecpest thou ? 5. He sleeps well. 6. He is instructed. 7. Thou 

 prickest. 8. He slays. 9. Thou deceivest greatly. 10. He is beard. 

 11. If thou sleepest much thou art punished. 12. Ho finds. 13. If 

 thou instructest well thou art praised. 14. He is bound. 15. Why 

 art thou silent ? 16. He is silent and is punished. 17. They are 

 found. 18. Thou art clothed. 19. They are well clothed. 20. If you 

 are clothed well you are delighted. 21. They are badly instructed 

 22. If thou art conquered thou art bound. 



EXEKCISE 10. ENGLISH-LATIN. 



1. Cur occldis. 2. Custodltur. 3. Custodiuut. 4* Si cnstodimini 

 vincimini. 5. Vituperat et puuit. 6. Audit et eruditur. 7. Bene 

 educamini. 8. Valde dormis. 9. Legunt. 10. Si saltatia delecta- 

 miiii. 11. Fulcitur. 12. Cur puniuutur? 13. Audiuntur. 14. Male 

 vcstior. 15. Feriuntur ot uioueutur. 



EXERCISB 11. LATIN-ENGLISH. 



1. I yield. 2. Thou readest. 3. We move. 4. Thou art exercised. 

 5. They bite. 0. They flourish and rejoice. 7. He tries to read. 

 8. Why dost thou read badly? 9. He sleeps badly. 10. Thou 

 art much loved. 11. You are conquered. 12. They write well. 13. 

 If you paint well you are praised. 14. We are defended. 15. We 

 strike. 16. Why do you punish? 17. We aro clothed. 18. W 

 bind. 19. We are conquered. 20. We are bound. 21. You conquer. 

 22. Thou art guarded. 23. He is adorned. 24. They are praised. 

 25. We are feared. 26. Thou fearest much. 27. You are bitten. 

 28. We educate. 29. They dance badly. 



EXERCISE 12. ENGLISH-LATIN. 



1. Cedunt. 2. Si ceditis vincimini. 3. Si vincimini vinciminL 4. 

 Fulcior. 5. Dormiunt. 6. Cur pmiiunt ? 7. Cur puniuntur ? 8. 

 Male vestimini. 9. Vincis. 10. Vinceris. 11. Viucis. 12, Vindil*. 

 13. Pungunt. 14. Punguntur. 15. Cur moves P 



EXERCISE 13. LATIN-ENGLISH. 



1. We are good. 2. He is good. 3. Thou art good. 4. I am Hot 

 food. 5. He is blind. 6. He is not blind. 7. They are very learned. 

 8. You are safe. 9. You are not safe. 10. I am unlearned. 11. Y-i 



