102 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOE. 



ward in the track marked out by Columbus, a hunger and thirst 

 for gold so craving and insatiable, that no amount of tho 

 precious metals was able to satisfy the one or allay the other. 



The first voyage of Columbus in 1492, and the discovery 

 of Cuba and several of the West India Islands, including 

 Hispaniola, now called Hayti or St. Domingo, at which Columbus 

 settled a small colony before he returned to Spain in the follow- 

 ing year, led to the immediate colonisation of the Caribbean 

 Archipelago and the Isthmus of Panama or Darien, that links 

 together the two great peninsulas of the American continent. 

 To these colonies came all the adventurous spirits in Spain who 

 coveted wealth, fame, or glory. Among them were some whose 

 Bocial position debarred them from rising in their own country, 

 and who eagerly seized the opportunity to make a name and 

 reputation as well elsewhere. Of these, the most notable was 

 Francis Pizarro, the natural son of an unnatural parent, an 

 officer in the service of Ferdinand the Catholic and Isabella of 

 Castile, king and queen of all Spain, who cared so little for tho 

 "flesh of his flesh, and bone of his bone," that he allowed the 

 lad to grow up to manhood, without care or culture, in no better 

 position than that of the keeper of the hogs that wallowed in 

 the filth of his courtyard. But when Spain was echoing through 

 its length and breadth with the marvellous adventures of 

 Columbus, the news of the discovery of the New World reached 

 even the young swineherd in his obscurity, and turning his back 

 on kinsmen and country without a sigh, he worked his passage 

 to the far Western country, where the base-born hewer of wood 

 and drawer of water could win as much wealth and honour as 

 the noblest and best of the hidalgos of Spain, provided that he 

 had brain enough to scheme and plan, sufficient determination 

 to act, and thews and sinews strong enough to strike. 



To the colony of Darien on the Spanish main went Francis 

 Pizarro, Diego D'Almagro a man who knew even less about 

 his begetters than Pizarro did, and who took his name from 

 the town in whose streets he was picked up and a host of 

 kindred spirits with little better lineage to boast of than they 

 had. In Panama, one of the recently established centres to 

 which the wealth of the New World was steadily gravitating, 

 the ex-swineherd rose rapidly to a position of importance, 

 while a doubloon was no more to him than an acorn had been 

 when he drove his hogs to feed in the shady alleys of the oak- 

 woods of old Spain. By plundering and robbing right and left, 

 he had got enough to make him long for more, when a rumour 

 reached him that the great gold-fields of the Western world 

 were to be found in Peru, and put him on the scent of playing 

 the. same part in the land of the Incas that Hernan Cortez had 

 played in the country of Montezuma. Cortez had upset a 

 powerful government, that held sway over an empire whose area 

 was more than a thousand thousand square miles in extent, and 

 had done pretty much as he pleased in Mexico, a city of 300,000 

 inhabitants, with only a trifling force of 600 or 700 Spaniards, 

 of which he lost a third before he reached the heart of the 

 empire. In the space of two years (1519-21) Cortez had reduced 

 this prosperous and powerful country to the position of a Spanish 

 vice-royalty; and what Cortez had done in Mexico, Pizarro could 

 eurely do in Peru. So thither he sailed from Panama in 1524, 

 with one ship and about eighty men, and soon found out enough 

 to assure him that he was on the right track to increased wealth 

 and extended power. But hardships and privations quickly 

 thinned the ranks of his followers, and he found it necessary to 

 call fresh recruits to his standard before ho attempted to cany 

 out his plans. After a hasty visit to Spain to obtain from 

 Charles V. the governorship of the newly-discovered country, 

 he went back to the Spanish main, and, by the aid of the con- 

 queror of Mexico, equipped a second expedition against Peru. 

 The civil war which was then raging between the Inca Atahualpa 

 and his brother Huascar favoured his attempts. He took the 

 former prisoner, and, having wrung from him gold and silver 

 enough to fill a room twenty-two feet long by sixteen feet broad, 

 as high as he could reach, he murdered him, seized his capital, 

 and declared his country to be henceforth an appanage of the 

 Spanish crown. Following up the good fortune of Pizarro, 

 D'Almagro, who had acted as Pizarro's lieutenant in the con- 

 quest of Peru, marched southwards into Chili to win a province 

 for himself. His success led him to aim at making himself 

 master of the whole of the Spanish territories in South America, 

 and a straggle for the supremacy ensued between the former 

 friends which brought death to both, for D'Almagro was taken 



prisoner and strangled by order of Pizarro in 1538, while Pizarro 

 himself was assassinated by D'Almagro's son in 1541. 



Other leaders at the head of handfuls of men, so to speak, 

 were equally, though not so notably, successful in other parts 

 of the American continent ; and fifty years had not elapsed from 

 the time of the discovery of America, ere the whole of the country 

 south of the Isthmus of Panama, and a very large portion of that 

 on the north, had been reduced from the positisn of independent 

 empires to that of dependencies of Spain and Portugal. 



LESSONS IN GERMAN VI. 



SECTION XIII. NOUNS OF THE NEW DECLENSION. 



NOUNS of tho New Declension form their genitive by adding rt 

 or en to the nominative, as : Nom. >ct 2)Jenfcb, the man, the 

 human being ; ber Jjjerr, the lord, or Mr. ; ber giirft, the prince ; 

 bcr (Jfeptyant, the elephant, etc. Gen. !De3 SDZcnfcben, be3 -crrn, be3 

 Surftcn, be3 <(epl;antcn, K. Nouns of this declension retain the 

 form of the genitive in the dative and accusative. 



Nearly all masculine nouns that end in c belong to the New- 

 Declension. 



NEW DECLENSION OF THE NOUN. 



SI. 2)er gutc Xnabt, the good boy ; bcr >d>fe, the ox ; 



. 35c3 gutcn Jviiabeit, the good boy's ; be3 Dctyfcn, of the ox ; 



>. ctn guteit tfnafccn, to the good boy; bcm Dcfofen, to the ox; 



21. JDcn guten Jlnafccn, the good boy ; ken Deafen, the ox. 



RESUME OF EXAMPLES. 

 ber VOBC ftarfc in bcm 3aT;re Charlemagne died in the yea* 



of the Lord eight hundred 



and fourteen. 

 The gallant Hungarian is the 



enemy of the Russian. 

 The fragrant violet is a beau- 

 tiful production of the spring. 

 Earned bread is sweet. 

 A good conscience is a soft 



pillow. 

 Many an industrious man is 



poor. 

 Want is the merited reward of 



idleness. 



bc $errn Jlcfit ljunbcrt unb cict 



;cfin. 

 cr tap'fcvc llncjar ift bcr gcinb beS 



Stuffcn. 

 S5a8 buf'tcnbe 93ci(rf;cn ift ein fc65nc9 



Sru^ttnga. 



SGerbicn'tc8 S3 rob ift fitji. 

 (Sin gutc8 eiuiffcn ift cin fanftc8 



5Ji(fen. 

 SJiancfier fTci'pige [Dfann ift arm. 



otf) ift bcr wbicn'tc ef;n bcr 

 gautfieit. 



EXERCISE 16. 



1. at bcr gran;ofe ben SBcin be >eutfc$cn ? 2. 3a, unb bcr <Deutfc6e 

 fiat bag JJncI) bc3 granjofcn. 3. 2Ba8 fiat bcr DIuffc ? 4. v fiat baS 

 Sanb bcS $po(cn. 5. 3>icfer rtccfic ift fcin grcunb be8 uvfcn. 6. 2Bcr 

 fiat ba3 fcfiavfc CWcffcr bicfc8 Jvnafren ? 7. >cr Svcunb btcfcg riccficn Ijat 

 eg. 8. 4afcen <2tc ben Scfjrcibtifc^ 3f?rc8 Sftcffen ? 9. 9Wn, icf> tyabc ben 

 cincS SSaterS. 10. -akn @ie ba 23ncf> bicfeS j?nafrcn, obcr 

 fcincS Sfteffcn? 11. 3c6 !)a6e ba8 3uc$ bc3 flnafcen, unb mcine 

 91irf)tc fiat ba8 papier beg Sftcffcn. 12. 3fl unfer 5reunb, ber Jsaitptmann, 

 etn Sranjcfe, obcr cin ricrfic ? 13. Grr tft ein Sranjofe, unb cin grower 

 Scinb bc$ Stnffen. 14. 3ft bicfcS Jtinb cin @ofin unfcr8 Sftacpar8, bcS 

 Jtcrefmannrt ? 15. 9?ein, c tft bcr Sofin cinc Subcn, unb fein 23atcr tft 

 ber 9ladf)&ar cine? gfiriftcn. 16. Gin fititcrea cpdjt ift nicfjt immcr ba 

 3eicficn cincS rufiigcn ouiffcng. 17. J&a6cn @te ba SSucf) bc rafen? 

 18. ytcin, fcnbcrn bcr $rin5 fiat ba 58udf>. 19. a8 Scfren eincS ctbaten 

 ift anftrengcnb unb unftdfjcr. 20. -5a6cn @ie cine 2J?cnnrcfiie obcr eineit 

 Sreiftaat? 21. 2Imcrifa fiat feincn gftrftcn, fonbcrn Sreificit. 22. 3^> 

 T;a6c cine gotbene U^ir, unb @ie I; at en cinen fU&ernen 



