



17. 



1. Tlio writing-desk rift ,1m \K*\ pall: tut i'"l". - 



; nit I'uln with |niit| tlui [tcni] livi-ly 

 i| (Miinti'iiaiii-i- H S V|M>[| i-i mi rn 



.t [jtncr] 

 tat], <;. 'l in- 

 )' tho brisk German has a good [gutrt] conm 



ill )N \IV.-ABSOLUTE PO8SESSIVES, ETC. 



1. \Vli : M mciit, tein, fcin, K. ( 58) ore not followed \<\ an adjrr- 



:uv also fcin and (in, like an adjective of tho Old 

 ision, as 



;it nl ,ju>ji, unt fcin-cr (fan 'My hat i* lorgf, and his (his 



tint) ill flcin. hat) is mnoll. 



L'ji, unb nicin-cr (mciit His hat is large, and mine (my 



AJuti ill luni hat) is small. 



::vb i|l ncit. ibr-rt (ihr i'ucf') His book is now, hers (her 



i|l alt, unt ohr-cei (oltr IMicbJ i|l book) is old, and yours (your 



book) is beautiful. 



PT b.it elt-, itnt 2k 1 fyabcn fcin-rt Ho has money, and you have 



(fcin i none (no money). 



(MIIC* and fcinrt (the neuters) often drop the vowel of tho final 

 syllable ; thus producing the forms tins and ftinS, as : 



Oft f)at cin "pfcrb, ic ftafccn cin?, Ho has a horse; you have one, 

 unb id; f)abc fctnJ. and I have none. 



OLD DECLENSION OF THE ADJECTIVE IN ALL GENDERS. 



Jfasr" Feminine. Neuter. 



91. ut-cc SBttn, good ut-c cite, good ut-rt 2Baj|cr, good 



wine. silk. water. 



. ut-rt SBctnrt, of ut-cr cite, of good ffiut-rt ( 28) SDBaffcrS, 



good wiiuv silk. of good water. 



T>. ut-cm SBcinc, to, ut-cr cite, to, for ut-cnt 2Baffcr, to, for 



for good wine. good silk. good water. 



11. ut-cn 2Bcin, good ut-c cite, good ut-c 2Bafjcr, good 



wine. silk. water. 



2. QftamS is to be rendered " something," " anything," as 



ic cta ? have you anything ? 3d; I;abe ctn>a, I have some- 

 thing. 



5ftid)t (not) is seldom used with ttfta9 ; " not anything " being 

 translated by nid;t$, which also signifies " nothing," as 3d; f)afcc 

 nid;t, I have not anything, or, I have nothing. @o cttt>a is best 

 translated, " such a thing." 



3. " At all" in such phrases as "nothing at all," "none at 

 all," and the like, has in German its equivalent in the particle 

 gar, which, however, alwaya comes immediately before the word 

 to which it relates. Kindred to this, is the still stronger expres- 

 sion, ..gaitj unb gar," wholly and utterly; ,,ganj unb gar nidjt," 

 wholly and utterly not, i.e., by no m*ans ; not at all. 



4. When an adjective is used with ctnxiS" or ,,nid;t," it 

 follows the Old Declension, and is written with a capital initial ; 

 as 



3d; f)abe etwa? cfyonrt, I have something beautiful. 



Gt fagt nid;t d;lcd>trt, he says nothing bad. 



ie fprcd;cii ton ctmaS Slcucm, you speak of something new. 



5. German verbs are conjugated negatively in the present and 

 imperfect tenses, without an auxiliary, like the English verbs 

 " have " aud " be ; " as 





liKStiMfc or EXAMPLES. 



Tho sea-water has a salt tacto. 



rrgcfctlt ifl tin gc- This journeyman tailor is a 

 fd;ic!t'cr '.lr kilful workman. 



Tec ^unt ift cin trcurt Thicr, unb Tbo dog is a faithful ; 

 V-c ifl fin fd;lauc8 7bicr. and the cat i* a sly i. 



5ic lul'fn cMr.i? id;i'n(J, unt id; You have something fine, and I 



^abt ctiv.ia utct. have something good. 



Tec Vic Ice ifl tin .'Kaub'sogtl. The eagle is a bird of prey. 



KXEKCISE 18. 



1. ^at kitftr 5!urf;filntlfr gutc* Jud) ? 2. 3a, tr bat gutrt Xudj) ; mtb 

 bicfcr crbct bat gut(4 Ccttr. 3. 2Dal ^at bcr ^arbitr ? 4. ffr ^at 

 bat outrt cu ? 6. differ JBautr f;at gHtrt ^tu. 

 7. 2Ba bat Ur >d>n\\<< '' 8. Gr fiat gutrt Ciftn, unb frin igniter, in 

 (Ua^ierb/anbler, b,at qutc# gainer, rotb^t<, bfaurt, nnb totiprt. 9. -^afctn 

 it rct^cn ctcr ivcijicn 2Bcin '< 10. 3rf) ^abt lurttr rot^tn, nod; wrijtn. 

 11. 3l;t 5Bcin ift fujj, abet '.icfcr r>itt ifl faucr. 12. 36^ rotfjtr 2Brin ifl 

 flarf, unb tcr h>tipt 2Btin ntinrt Kadibart ifl fd;n>ad;. 13. at titftt 

 JDJuUtr gutrt aNcb.1? 14. 3a, unb ticfcr i'aucr bat gutrt Stan, guttn 

 frafcr, unb gutc ffltrflt. 15. Ticfrt SWatcbcn f;at rinc fdjcnt Stimmt. 16. 

 iDicin '-J'rutcr bat ttn>a djoncs! tint id; babe nid)t ^aglichrt. 17. Titftt 

 'JJJanii lut nur tin nxnig ell unb icr anttrt bat gat frin*. 



EXERCISE 19. 



1. Has my brother, the tailor, black [fchreat^rt] or red cloth? 

 2. Tho friend of my [mtinrt] brother has good paper, red, blue 

 [bfaurtj, and white. 3. The son of tho bookbinder has some- 

 thing of the [con btm] barber. 4. The beautiful daughter of tho 

 old blacksmith has a [cintn] dog and a cat. 5. The diligent cor. 

 penter [Stfdjlcr] has something beautiful. 6. Tho draper in a 

 son of tho industrious merchant [JiaiifmanntS]. 7. The old tanner 

 had not seen [gcfcl;cn] tho sly cat and tho faithful dog. 8. Is the 

 carpenter at home fju auft] ? No [nrin], he is not. 9. Have 

 you taken [ijenommcn] something ? I have taken nothing. 10. 

 Has pump-water [sBrunnenroaffcr] a sweet or a salt taste ? It has 

 not [fcincn] a salt taste, but [fonbctn] a sweet taste. 



LESSONS IN DRAWING. IV. 



As it is necessary to dwell a little longer upon Parallel Per- 

 spective, in order to lay before our readers as many varied 

 examples as we can in this division of the subject, we will for a 

 few minutes restrict our observations to the details and method 

 of drawing Fig. 32. But before taking up our pencil, let us 

 say a few words upon a general principle of procedure, which 

 merits the careful attention of all who are seeking to acquire a 

 knowledge of Drawing by the aid of these lessons. There is 

 one question almost always asked by beginners, and as, no 

 doubt, the inquiry will be made by many, if not all, of our 

 readers who wish to become good draughtsmen, we answer it 

 now. The question we allude to is, "Where shall I begin?" 

 This is a very natural query, and may be answered in more 

 than one way, according to the nature of the subject to be 

 copied. 



We wish our readers to understand that the instructions 

 contained in these lessons apply to drawing from objects as 

 well as drawing from copies, and the same method is to be 

 observed in both cases. If the subject before us is a drawing of 

 a building, as in Fig. 32, begin by drawing the lino of eight; 

 this lino may be ruled, but let it be the only ruled line in the 

 work. Then place the point of sight, and mark in the distance 

 of the nearest line to this point on each side of it, and then the 

 succeeding ones, without passing over a single line. Jt is much 

 easier to mark in the distances between lines close together than 

 when they are wide apart. The whole distance from p s to x is 

 made up of the intermediate distances, p 8 a, a b, b c, e <, and 

 d x, and if we correctly determine all the intermediate distances, 

 we undoubtedly obtain the whole distance cornr//;/. The reason 

 wo commence upon the line of sight from the point of sight is, 

 because the eye is on a level with the parts of the subject on 

 and near this lino and point, from which we gradually extend 

 our drawing to the outer limits Once more we must impress 

 upon our readers that this plan is to be followed when drawing 

 from both copies and Nature, as it must be evident, when 

 drawing from Nature, that the parts opposite the eye can. be 



