106 



THE POPULAE EDUCATOB. 



LESSONS IN FRENCH. VII. 



SECTION I. FRENCH PRONUNCIATION (continued). 

 III. NAME AND SOUND OF THE VOWELS. 



43. O, O. The o has, in French, three different sounds : short, 

 as in cob; broad and prolonged, as in cord; and full, as in 

 coat. 



The short sound, as in cob, is the most common one. The 

 o has a broad and prolonged sound, as in cord, when followed 

 by an r, thus castor, encore, etc. The full sound, as in coat, 

 is always given to the o when it has a circumflex accent over it. 

 It is also full when final, as in coco, loto, etc., and when 

 followed by a mute consonant, as in mot, dos, etc. 



EXAMPLES OP THE SHOKT SOUND. 



FRENCH. 



Bloc 



Bodine 



Botte 



Crosse 



PRONUN. 

 Blolc 

 Bo-deen 

 Bot 

 Kross 



ENGLISH. 



Slock. 



Keel. 



Soot. 



Crosier. 



FRENCH. PRONU: 

 Gobelet Gob'-lay 

 Locale Lo-kal 

 Mode 



Morale 



Mod 

 Mo-ral 



ENGLISH. 



Cup. 



Local. 



Fashion. 



Moral. 



EXAMPLES OF THE BROAD, PROLONGED SOUND. 



FRENCH. 



Castor 



Butor 



Encore 



Corde 



PRONUN. 

 Kas-tor 

 Bu-tor 

 Aun-kor 

 Kord 



ENGLISH. 



Beaver. 



Bittern. 



Again. 



Cord. 



FRENCH. PRONUN. 

 Essor Es-sor 

 Port Por 

 Bord Bore 

 Corridor Kor-ree-dor 



ENGLISH. 



Flight. 



Port. 



Shore. 



Corridor. 



EXAMPLES OF THE FULL SOUND ACCENTED. 



FRENCH. 



Cote 



DfSpot 



Dome 



Drole 



Notre 

 Pole 



PRONUN. 

 Kote 

 Day-po 

 Donv 

 Drole (trill 



ther) 

 Notr' 

 Pole 



ENGLISH. 



Hill. 



Storehouse. 



Dome. 



Rogue. 



Ours. 



Pole. 



FRENCH. PRONUN. 

 Prevot Pray-vo 



Role 



Bo-tee (trill 

 the r) 



To 



Trone 



Votr' 



Role 

 Boti 



Tot 

 Trone 



Votre 



ENGLISH. 



Provost. 



Part. 



Boast-meat. 



Soon. 



Throne. 

 Tours. 



EXAMPLES OF THE FULL SOUND UNACCENTED. 



FRENCH. PRONUN. 



Mot Mo 



2>os Do 



Repos R'po 



ENGLISH. I FRENCH. PRONUN. 



Word. 

 Back. 



Repose. 



Z6io 

 Lot 

 Os 



Zay-ro 



Lo 



O 



ENGLISH. 

 Zero. 

 lot. 

 Pone. 



44. U, u. Name, U, u; sound, like the letter u in the English 

 word brunette. 



The sound of this vowel is peculiar, and very difficult for 

 Englishmen to obtain. We have no sound in the English lan- 

 guage which exactly corresponds to it. The nearest approach 

 to it is the sound of u in the word brunette. 



EXAMPLES. 



45. U, 11 CIRCUMFLEX. Name, U, u; sound, like the letter 

 u in the English word brunette. 



It must be acknowledged, however, that the English letter u 

 does not represent the correct sound of the French u, which is a 

 combination of sounds not recognised in our language. Still, 

 we must use it as the representative of the sound of the French 

 u, for the want of a better one. 



The following rule has also been given, and found useful : 

 The sound of the French u is based upon that of English e. Pro- 

 nounce the English letter e as naturally as possible, observing at 

 the same time the position of the internal organs of the mouth. 

 Now keep these organs in the same position as nearly as pos- 

 sible, protrude the lips as if to whistle, drawing them nearly 

 together at the same time, and then try to pronounce the 

 English e again, which will give you the correct sound of the 

 French u. 



Practise often aloud, according to the directions of this rule, 

 and success will crown your efforts. The rule has never yet 

 failed to impart the correct sound of the French u in this 

 manner, when seconded by the patient, persevering, and deter- 

 mined efforts of the pupil. 



EXAMPLES. 



FREHCH. 



Bftche 



Bx-ulable 



Brulot 

 Bruler 



Cru 



PRONUN. 



Bush. 



Bru-labl' 



Bru-lo 



Bru-lay 



Km 



ENGLISH. 

 03 of wood. 

 That is to lie 



burnt. 

 Fireship. 

 To bum. 

 Growth. 



FRENCH. PRONUN. ENGLISH. 



Du 



Flute 



Fut 



Mure 



Suret<5 



Sur 



Du 



Flute 



Fu 



Mure 



Sur-tay 



Sure 



Due. 



FZwte. 



A cask. 



Ripe. 



Safety. 



Certain. 



SECTION XTV.-PLAN OF THE EXERCISES IN COMPOSING 



FRENCH. 



Hitherto the student has been occupied exclusively in ac- 

 quiring facts, forms, and principles, and in translating, by the 

 aid of these, French into English, and again, English into 

 French. Following still the plan of the work, let him now 

 undertake the higher business of endeavouring to compose in 

 French. With this intent, let him take some of the words 

 given for this purpose in the following lists, and seek to incor- 

 porate them in sentences entirely his own. The words taken 

 from the lists are to be used merely as things suggestive of 

 thought. The form which, in any given case, the sentence may 

 assume, should be determined by the models found in the 

 sections preceding; for every sentence which the pupil has once 

 mastered in the regular course of the sections, is, or should be, to 

 him, a model on which ho may at pleasure build other construc- 

 tions of his own. Indeed, this constructing sentences according 

 to models that is, shaping one's thoughts according to the 

 forms and idioms peculiar to a foreign tongue is the true and 

 only secret of speaking and writing that language well. The 

 pupil, therefore, as he passes along in the ordinary course of the 

 sections, should frequently be found applying his knowledge la- 

 the way of actually composing independent sentences ; and thus 

 ho will soon acquire a facility and accuracy in the language, 

 which is hardly otherwise attainable at all. 



LIST OF WORDS FOR EXERCISES IN COMPOSING. 



The words in the following lists are given as suggestive of 

 thought. In conducting the exercise a particular word is 

 selected, as relieur (bookbinder), and the student is required to 

 compose a French sentence containing this term. He is duly 

 notified that he is at liberty to take any thought suggested by 

 the word, and to produce a sentence of any form found in any 

 of the sections; regard being had all along to all the rules, notes, 

 exceptions, etc., that may bear upon the case. Thus, adopting 

 as a model the sentence, Votre rnarchand est bien obligeant 

 (Sect. XVI., Eesume), or, Le Danois a-t-il quelques pommes? (Sect, 

 XVII. 7), etc. etc., let him endeavour to produce others of the 

 like kind. 



A little practice will render the exercise both easy and in- 

 teresting. It will soon come to be easy to incorporate not only 

 one, but two, three, or more of the words taken from the lists. 



1. PROFESSIONS ET MKTIERS.- PROFESSIONS AND TRADES. 



Acteur, m., actor. 

 Apothicaire, HI., apothecary. 

 Artiste, m., artist. 

 Aumonier, m., cliaplain. 

 Autcur, m., author. 

 Barbier, m., barber. 

 Bijoutier, m., jeweller. 

 Blauclaisseuse, f., washerwoman. 

 Boucher, m., butcher. 

 Brasseur, m., breioer. 

 Brodeuse, f., embroiderer. 

 Charbonnier, in., coalman. 

 Charlatan, m., quack. 

 Charretier, m., cartman. 

 Chaudronnier, m., coppersmith. 

 Clm'urgien, m., surgeon. 

 Cordier, m., ropemaltcr. 

 Corroyeur, m., currier. 

 Coutelier, m., cutler. 

 Couturicre, f., seamster. 

 Coiivreur, m., slater, filer. 

 Cur^, m., vicar . 

 Dentiste, m., dentist. 

 Drapier, m., drape?-. 

 Ecclt'siastique, m., clergyman. 

 Epicier, m., grocer. 

 Eveque, m., bishop. 

 Faueheur, ra., mower. 

 Fripier, m., a dealer in old clothes. 



Fruitiere, f . , fruit-woman. 

 Gaiitier, m., glowr. 

 Graveur, m., engraver. 

 Horloger, m., cloc7; and watchmaker. 

 Instituteur, m., iiistitutrice, f., 



schoolmaster, mistress. 

 Imprimeur, m., printer. 

 Joaillier, m., jeweller. 

 Macon, m., mason, bricklayer. 

 Maitre d'ticole, m., scJiooImaster. 

 Manouvrier, m., day-labourer. 

 Mar chan d - de- clie vaux, maquign on, 



m., Tiorse-dealer. 

 Marshal ferrant, m., farrier, 



shoeing-smith. 

 Marechal, m., blacksmith. 

 Moissonneur, m., reaper. 

 Musicien, m., musician. 

 Natui-aliste, in., naturalist. 

 Oratcur, m., orator. 

 Orfevre, m., gold v.r.d stiver smitTi. 

 Pape, m., pope. 



Patre, in., shepherd-, herdsman. 

 Perruquier, in., hairdresser. 

 Philosophe, m., p)ii!osop7ier. 

 Poissouuier, m., poissouniere, f., 



fishmonger. 



Pr(5dicatsur, m., preac7ier. 

 Pretre, m., priest. 



