: liOLIU 



A littlo ron^i'f 



An D ..l>l>!i'<l tu niiili 



UHO confuai 

 i:CI8B 10. 

 1. Work tin- following examples in mnl: liy tho 



x *). 

 x on. 



i. 8OM 



E 86. 

 37. 





x 78. 



11. M 'res. 



A imiltiiiliciitiim by four figures cap oftoii conveniently bo 



1 in /,'. linr-i ii.-i follows: 



'iri's in tlio units' an ! 



places, us in Ait. I!!, U n in our lim- by tho-io in tho 



1 thousand-.' jil:irc.--, placing tho Bocond lino under 

 the lir .s t llu- loft. 



3156 



145152 ( = 345G x 42) 

 79488 ( = 3 ISO x 23, or by 2300, if the 



cii'liers were included.) 

 8093952 



EXERCISE 17. 



1. Work the following examples in multiplication by tho 

 above method : 



1. 16G5 

 J. 7876 



Si! 1. 

 3968. 





5. 69412 : 



9543. 



4. 2783 



15. Multiplication when the number formed by the figure or 

 figures of the multiplier on the extreme right luind is a factor of 

 that ftiriiird I'll the other figures. 



Multiply first by tho figure in tho units' place, and then this 

 partial product by the other factor, as follows : 



EXAMPLE 1. Multiply 5389 by 427. 



Here 42 = 6 x 7. 53S9 



427 



37723 ( = 7 x 5389) 

 226338 ( = 6 x 7 x 5389, the placing 



- of the figures making it really 

 2301103 6 x 70 x 5389). 



EXAMPLE 2. Multiply 27432 by 9612. 

 Hero 96 = 8 X 12. 27432 



9612 



329184 x 8 for second line 

 2633172 



263676384 



16. If the multiplier be such that the number formed by the 

 figure or figures on the extreme left hand is a factor of the rest, 

 we can perform the multiplication by a similar method. 



EXAMPLE 1. Multiply 53496 by 1236. 



Here 12 is a factor of 36; 36 = 3 x 12. 



Commencing then with 12 as a mul- 53496 

 tiplier, wo proceed, as in Lesson IV. 



Art. 9, to multiply by 12, and next ^53 ~ ^ proauct by JOQQ 

 we multiply this product by 3. 1925856 = product by 3 x 12 



66121056 

 EXAMPLE 2. Multiply 53496 by 1236144. 



Tho process will be the same as in the last 

 example, except that there will be a third lino 

 formed by multiplying the second line by 4, since 

 1996666 ^^ ~ ^ * *^' This must be written three places 



7703424 * th "ght, since the second line really represents 

 -- the product by 36000. 

 6128759424 



EXERCISE 18. 



1. Work the following examples in multiplication by the 

 above method : 





1. 125 x 255. 



2. 8812 x 648. 



3. 5194 X 1080. 



4. 4825 x 1352. 



5. 754 x 549. 



6. 945 x 771L 



7. 61234 x 1296. 



8. 6521 x 1957. 



nl K HOLIDAY. 



WE leave for the prem-nt t;.. : gymnastics, which has 



ir lust two papers, and turn fur our recrea- 

 tion to a highly popular gamo at this season of th year, 



FOOTIJAM,. 



Football is one of the oldest of our English sports, having 

 tyird all over tlio country for some hundreds of years. 

 Tho rough ; vogue of playing the game brought it 



under tho censure of one of our monarch*, King Jamc 

 it survived his displeasure, and its popularity, if \xj.~. 

 creased. Towns and Tillages were pitted against each other 

 not, as in tho case of cricket, through the medium of a few 

 individuals chosen to represent them, but by tho aid of nearly 

 all tlioir able-bodied representatives. For football is a game in 

 which a large number of persons can join, and, where space was 

 unlimited, an unlimited number could play. One or two vestiges 

 of tho ancient game still linger in Old England, where, on a 

 curtain day of tho year, tho more active members of tho popu- 

 lation turn out in a body, and play at football in the olden style. 

 But this custom is now considered "more honoured in tho 

 breach than tho observance," and football occupies a mmilar 

 position to other games as a holiday recreation. 



Many modes of playing football are in use, especially in our 

 chief public schools, each of which has its own cherished rules 

 an<l practices differing from the rest. The Eton game differs 

 from that played at Harrow, and both from the famous game of 

 Kngby. Winchester, Marlborough, and Shrewsbury, too, hare 

 their peculiar styles, and what is allowed in some is strictly 

 forbidden in others.* This variation in practice has been a dis- 

 advantage to the game, and several attempts have been made 

 to bring about uniformity. In tho case of the chief schools we 

 have mentioned, little progress towards it has yet been effected ; 

 but something has been done by an association of football clubs 

 in various parts of the kingdom, which have adopted a set of 

 rules for their gnidance. These rules are a digest of all other 

 codes in use, and to these we shall presently refer. 



In all football play, whatever the difference of the practice 

 in particular points of tho game, tho object sought to be gained 

 by the rival players is tho same, namely, to drive the ball to 

 the base or goal of their opponents. This will be best under- 

 stood by a diagram of the ground, which in length should be 

 from 50 yards upwards : 



Touch. 



Goal A 



GoalB 



Touch. 



Here the lines drawn on each side represent the boundary 

 within which the game is played. These lines are usually 

 marked out by flags, and the space beyond them is technically 

 known as touch. The two dots towards either end show the 

 position of two posts, which constitute the goal of one of the 

 two parties, say A or B, into which the players are divided. 

 The play begins in the centre of the ground, and the object of 

 each party is to kick the ball through the goal posts of their 

 opponents. On attaining this, tho gamo is won for tho side 

 that accomplishes it. It may be renewed again, the parties 

 then changing goals, in order that each in turn may have any 

 advantage arising from f alljof ground, direction of wind, etc. ; 

 and at the termination of the play each side counts so many 

 games as goals may have been secured by its players. Each 

 side usually has its captain, and its yoal-keeper, whose especial 

 duty it is to guard the goal, as far as may lie in his power, 

 when the ball is driven towards it. 



The balls are usually made of ox-bladders covered with 

 leather, but india-rubber is sometimes employed for the lining. 

 A good ball for tho game may be obtained at from 8s. to 



Tho rules which we subjoin will be sufficient explanation of 

 tho precise mode of commencing and continuing the play. But 

 we may remark with regard to ott roles, that the more nearly 



* Our readers wishing to obtain information as to the practices of 

 tho different schools, will find an account of them ia "Casseffs 

 Illustrated Family Paper," for December 81st, 1864. 



