



11 .,! 



till- III! 



Hid l>otii i.f " n eral effect. 



.imiiuition 



quantity of minor 



nndulat i-l a I'ur or 'measure ;' 



:ui.[ may not be 



ivater mi.; .!id whether oat of those again 



tin' constituted undulations of higher order* fai BUCOCH- 

 that can only bo meaBurocl by tho skill of the 

 . :id j>rolial)ly also by thb cultivated sen 

 :-cr. Any p.-r-on wlio will attend critically to tho execu- 

 tion of superior instrument:; I ra, \\ill 1m surje 

 find to what an extent this M" may 

 :: .imlii.T ol' l>:ir-i may bo formed into 

 : whole, by means of tho relations of what in hero 

 termed accent.'" 



LKSSONS IN FRENCH. X. 



SECTION L FRENCH PRONUNCIATION (conttniwd). 

 IV. NAME AND SOUND OF THE CONSONANTS. 



52. H, h. This letter is used in tho French language in two 



u-ually styled mute and aspirate a definition perfectly 



intelligible to natives of France, but not equally so to others, 



TS. Let us explain. When we say h is mute, 



ne knows what is meant ; but when wo say h is <'.-;<'''"'' 



in the French language, w; 'u that it ever has the 



same sound as h in tho English words /'<",, lii*jh, hold, and lull, 



-ion of tho voice at tho com- 



uent of a word. There seems to bo a misapprehension of 

 this matter with many writers and teachers, not natives of 

 It is believed that tho true theory is thi*, namely tho 

 French '.t tlu; li. It is with them, virtually, 



But, besides being mute, it has a particular duty to do, 

 so to speak. But when v.e say /i i we only mean that 



: mediately .following partakes so much of tho pro- 

 perty of a consonant, <i.< !<> ]/<< > 



Tho following examples will illustrate our meaning very 

 clearly, vi^.: 



First, of tho 71 mute. 



Habit is pronounced Ab-bec. 

 Homme ,, Om, etc. 



In theso words there is no sound whatever of the 7i. 

 Secondly, of the 7t as pi 



Hvros is pronounced Ay-re ; 



not hay-ro, as an Englishman would pronounce it, with a strong 



guttural articulation, i i to the force and office of the 



aspirate 7t in the word lu'ro*, let the article I'- le placed before 



it, thn- ' /<>;>. Now, if the h were mute, these two words 



-." one in pronunciation, viz. leros. The /i not 



.1 this, word ln'n. Irate, what is its office? 



It enable--, tli" following letter 6 to prevent elision with the e of 



!.g it, and consequently, the two words must be 



pronoun .vd as if printed Ic-c-ros. 



Thus it v.-ill bo seen, that one particular use of the aspirated 

 h is. / ."-7uc7i it may 



/laced, inlci>i : i II -I. I! aspirate is 



best determined by consulting a French dictionary, l.vcause- no 

 particular and definite rule can 1 distingui.hing it 



from h unite. It must be granted that this whole matter is now 

 considered debatable ground among orthoepists. One side 

 affirms that tho Ti aspirate is -ocrer sounded, any more Hum h 

 ''--, but serves the sole purpose of preventing elision. 

 The other side affirms Unit I.' .liich, in 



injmon conversation, amount s to nothing, but is barely obscrv- 

 :! the n-' of devotional language, 

 rt-iin that a i: hman 



ever : -'us h of his own language as we do in pro- 



nouncing the' word . and hull. 



53. J, j.--This letter has the sound of the two English 

 ..'i. In the two English words, glacier and 



i. K, k. Thk letter ban tho sound of the English k in all 



55. L, 1. Thin letter haa tho Hound of the English I in nearly 



d witli the vowel i, aa a liquid. 



In a few v. .,: d -. I final in silent. The dictionary will beet deter- 

 inim: which these are. 



56. M, m. \\ the letter m haa only the oond oi 

 the Engli-h m. It in used in nasal combinations like the follow. 



am, in i, um ; 



and in old French : 



em, om, ym, 



which sounds will bo illustrated at the proper place. It U al*o 

 silent in tho body of tome words. liefer to tho dictionary to 

 determine when. 



57. N, n. When initial, the letter n has only the sound of 

 English n. It is used in naal combinations mostly, namely : 



.in, ^U, nil; 



and in old French : 



which sounds will bo illustrated in tho proper place. 



After m and n in the end of words, final consonants are usually 

 silent, viz. : 



Pren, 

 Rom, 

 Tern, 



aud pronounced 



Kouh. 

 Tanh. 



Prends as if printed 

 Romps ,, 



Temps 



When n is final before another word beginning with a vowel 

 or Ji mute, it requires, besides being pronounced with a nasal 

 sound, that another n should be added in pronunciation to the 

 beginning of the next word, namely: 



Ancicn 

 Bou lioiume 

 Moil am.; 

 Moil ami 



as if printed 



Aucieu-uaniwoe. 

 Bon-nomm. 

 Mon-ualim. 

 Mou-nammee. 



SECTION XIV. LIST OF WORDS FOE EXEHCISKS IN 

 COMPOSITION (continued). 



11. ARBRES FRUITIERS, FRUITS. FRUIT TREES, FBUITS. 



Alirieot, ni., ajiricot. 

 Abricotier, m., apricot-tret. 

 Atnande, f., almond. 

 Amandier, m., almond-tree. 

 Anuims, ui., pineapple. 

 Aveline, f.,yilbert. 

 Chutaigne, f., chestnut. 

 Citron, m., citron, lemon. 

 Coing, m., quince. 

 Dattc, f., date. 

 Figue, f.,ji'j. 

 Fraise, f., (r<i 

 Framboise, f., ratpberry. 

 Groseille.'f., jjoowberri/, currant. 

 Melon, m., melon. 



Mure, f., mulberry. 

 Nefle, f., medlar. 

 Noisette, f., hazel- nuf. 

 Noix, f., nut. 

 Orange, f., orange. 

 Pcche, f. , peach. 

 Poire, f., pear. 

 Poirier, m., p<:ar-frw. 

 Pominc, f., apple. 

 Pommier, m., af>i>le-trtt. 

 Prune, f., j>lm. 

 Prunicr, m., }>lnm-trM. 

 Raisin, m., grapt. 

 Vigne, f., vine. 



12. ARBRES FORESTIERS, ETC. FOREST TRESS, rrc. 



Bouleau, in., birc/i. 

 Chene, m., oak. 

 Ecorce, f., bart. 

 Eroble, m., maple. 

 Fri-ne, in., tmh. 



. ra., beech. 

 Mel.'-se, m., larch. 

 Orme, in., elm. 



Aigle, m., eagle. 

 Aile, f., wing. 

 Alouettc, f., lark. 

 Autour, m., lutirl;. 

 Autruche, f., ostnV' . 

 Beo, m., 

 Bocasse, f., tcoorfcocfc. 



. <nipt. 

 i\iiotto, f., 

 Caille, f., <ju<il. 

 Canard, m., duok. 

 Canari, m., canary-bird. 



peuplier, m., poplar. 

 Romeau, m., bough. 

 Sapin, in.. , 

 Saule, m., iriQoic. 

 Tilleul, m., ItndVn-trM. 

 Tremble, ra., opn. 

 Tronc, .', tnmi. 



13. OISEATIX. BIRDS. 



Chauve-souris, f., bat. 

 Ciposme, f., *<ork. 

 Colombo, f., datM. 

 Corbeau, m., raw*. 

 Comcille, f., croic. 

 CCKICOU, m., rucioo. 

 Cy^jne, m., . 

 Diudon, m., 

 FaiMin, m., 

 Geoi, m., jackdaw. 

 Grive, f., thrush. 

 Horon, m., heron. 



Uirnmlnllo f nua 



