>NS IN .i'l IV. 



167 



s. Mcu linrllU f- ..i <-Mt uUtfi. 



..i uiuuaUt puluhnf 14. 

 ubt j.uli-i. i luuusj. UOU ul . 



11. Mugaa out liibuU. 



.K 18. - 



1. I !i:i\,- :i pigeon. 2. Thou ht ft (?od girl. 3. Hut thou a good 

 ive not a good girl 



:t ? 7. Tho iaUnd i not great. H. Il.isttht.ua good 

 ' 9. I have not a good muiil-Mnront. 10. The lurk of 

 ! irk) is buuutiful. 



In dea, a goddess, and filia, a daughter, tho dative a 

 ablativti end in u6i:.s, in'-toad of t'.; , thus, doabus, i<> or l>j th>- 

 -, (:> or /'|/ < <; . Thin change ia made 



iish tho dative and the ablative cases of these 

 feminine n<i uns from tho same cases of tho corresponding mas- 

 oulino in urn*, namely, <l.-ns, n yod ; which lias deis or 

 the ii .Miitive; and filius, a son, which has /i<< 



Nouns of tho first declension which denote male beings are 

 of the masculine gender (denoted by m). This fact remains a 

 fact, though tho termination of those nouns should happen to 

 be feminine. Thus, nauta, a sailor, is masculine, though its 

 termination is tho same as 1 , and paella, 



a girl. Masculine nouns of the first declension are <i 

 like feminine nouns of tho first declension. Observe, however, 

 that they t:iko their adjective* in tho masculine ; thu: 

 adjectives n^ree not in form but !th those masculine 



nouna of tho first declension, as in the following example : 



DECLENSION OF 6UDSTANTIVE AND ADJECTIYE. 

 FIRST DECLENSION MASCULINE GENDER. 



Singular. .Plural. 



N. Bonus uauta, a good sailor. N. Bout uauta, good sailor*, [sailors. 

 O. Boni nauta, / a good sailor. G. Bonoriini nautarum, of good 

 D. Bono nauta, to a good sailor. D. Boui.s uautw, to gooci wtfl 

 Ac. Bonum uaufcim, a gootl sniior. Ac. Bonos nautas, good sailors. 

 V. Bono nauta, good sailor.' V. Bom' nautfc, good sailors.' 

 Ab. Bono uauta, by a good sailor. Ab. Bontj uuut.V, lj good sailors. 



EXERCISE. Write out after the same manner and learn by 

 heart 



Bonus agricr.la, a good husbandman. I Magnus Nerva, great Acrro. 

 Malus piruta, a lad pirate. \ Trepidus auiijja, a timid charioteer. 



VOCABULARY. 



EXERCISE 19. LATIN-ENGLISH. 



1. Pt5rfuga Jugurthae cst mihi. 2. Miilus perfuga est tibi. ?>. 

 Poetam bonum lamlo. 4. Bonus poeta laudutur. 5. Equa laudatur ab 

 auriga. 6. Nautm ad iusulum navigaut. 7. Boni iiautff) patriam 

 laudant. 8. Aquila a poetis ssepe laudatur. 9. Agricolta magnopere 

 delectantur plantis. 10. Erras, O nauta ! 11. Nonno erratis, aurigsa ? 

 12. Tristitia poetarmn bonorum cst mihi. 13. Umbras silvarum mag- 

 nopere amo. 14. Agricolse per silvam equitant. 



EXERCISE 20. ENGLISH-LATIN. 



1. Hast thou a deserter ? 2. Is the deserter bad ? Z. Good poets 

 are praised. 4. I praise good poets. 5. Good husbandtneii praise 

 (their) native country. 6. The native country of good poets is 

 praised. 7. The pirate rides through the wood. 8. The sailor sails 

 to the island. 9. The mare of the good charioteer is good. 



LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY. VI. 



DISCOVEKIES OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 

 IN 1700 Dampier, at this time celebrated for his buccaneer 

 (piratical) expeditions, discovered some new islands contiguous 

 to New Guinea, or Papua. Wood Rogers sailed round tho 

 world in three years and three months; and encouraged by his 

 successful expedition, the maritime powers proceeded to attempt 

 similar enterprises, hitherto considered as extremely dangerous. 

 Towards tho end of tho preceding century, Franco had also 

 made expeditions into the South Her fir 



which appeared in the Pacific Ocean was commanded by one 



ulo ; but the Toyge, which took place in 1667, prodootd 



. iHcovcrie* of tho BOMUUUI in the north of Axia mut b 

 notioed. At the beginning of the erenteentli century thej 

 knew nothing of the coaita of 8iberi* beyond the YeniMi. War 

 and oonqneeU laid open to the emperor* the way to this 

 immense region. In tho space of lea* than a century, the whole 

 of Northern Asia, >TM of China to the Fraeo 



Ocean, WM brought under tho <!<>: .xsia. Geography 



wan benefited by thw annexation, which gare to the RnaAna 

 new facilities for performing uof ul exploration* in tboee in- 

 hoxpitablu countries. In 1728 Bearing made the important 

 discovery of tho ntrait which separate* Aaia from America, and 

 rendered tho peopling of tho New World no longer a question of 

 difficulty or doubt. 



The northern circumpolar regions had not been the theatre 



of any important expedition, from that of Baffin, above men* 



MI til the middle of tho eighteenth century. The era of 



scientific expedition! was now begun. Geography, ao long 



retarded in her progress to perfection, proceeded with a rare 



and rapid step. This was tho most brilliant period of the 



history of navigation from the time of the groat discoveries of 



tho sixteenth century. It was particularly remarkable for the 



results. Bougainville, who had gained 



renown of Canada, anticipated that which he gained 



as a navL'iitur, l.y u:i expedition to the Malouine or Falkland 

 M> ho went to found a French colony in 17C4. The 

 circumnavigation of the world by Commodore Byron, also began 

 in the same year, produced very important results ; and so did 

 the voyages cf Wallis and Oarteret, in clearing up some 

 relating to tho geography of Oceania. Car- 

 tcrct, in particular, determined the geographical positions 

 (that is, the latitudes and longitudes) of several islands in the 

 direction of New Britain ; Ids vessel having been the first 

 English man-of-war which had touched at the island of Celebes. 

 Three years after his Cr.-:t voyage, in 17C7, Bougainville under- 

 took his grand expedition to circumnavigate the globe. After a 

 short stay in tho river La Plata, ho was detained in the Strait 

 of Magellan no less than fifty-two days. He then entered the 

 South Pacific Ocean, or South Sea, as it waa then called, and 

 discovered t'. of Pomotou, whick he called the Dan- 



gerous Archipelago. Ho then entered the chief port of Tahiti, 

 or Otaheito ; and his transactions with the inhabitants of New 

 Cythera were not only pacific but amicable. Ho next visited 

 tho Samoa or Navigator's Islands, touched at Papua or New 

 Guinea, discovered to tho cast of it an assemblage of il*nl 

 wliich he called the Louisiade Archipelago, several of the 

 Admiralty I -l-.-s, and another called by his own name near Solo- 

 mon Isles. In tho same direction he discovered several other 

 islands of less importance, which had been seen by other navi- 

 gators ; and having visited Xew Ireland, discovered by Carteret, 

 he arrived ut Batavia ; whence he sailed to Europe by the Cape 

 of Good Hope. This expedition waa well received in Franco and 

 in Europe ; it had made several important discoveries, and had 

 been marked with interesting episodes which were related with 

 spirit and talent ; and created a still greater desire for circum- 

 navigating expeditions. 



The greatest navigator of modern times Li acknowledged to 

 be Captain James Cook. His first voyage to the Pacific had 

 for its grand object the observation of the transit of Venus, that 

 is, the passage of this planet in its orbit over the disc of the 

 sun, a phenomenon alike important in astronomy, navigation, 

 and geography. Having received his promotion from the rank 

 of master in the Eoyal Navy to that of lieutenant, he was put 

 in command of tho Endeavour, a small ship of 370 tons, in which 

 ho left England in August, 1768. After touching at Rio de 

 Janeiro, he proceeded to the Strait of Lemaire, in order to doable 

 Capo Horn. Tierra del Fnego did not present to him such a 

 dreadful aspect as it did to Wallis; the naturalists of the 

 expedition, Sir Joseph Banks and his friend Dr. Solander, a 

 i gentleman, a pupil of the eminent botanist Tihinmnn, 

 collected there some plants and animals. One of their excur- 

 sions, however, nearly proved fatal to them. Having aeoended 

 a mountain whoso vegetable products they wished to m*& t 

 they were overtaken by the shades of evening and the coldness 

 of a severe frost. Dr. Solander was on the point of perishing 

 under its influence, when the wise importunity, or rather perti- 

 nacity, of his companions saved bis life, by hindering him from 



