174 



THE rOPULAK EDUCATOR. 



LESSONS IN FRENCH. XL 



SECTION I. FRENCH PRONUNCIATION (continued) . 

 IV. NAME AND SOUND OF THE CONSONANTS. 



58. P, p. When initial, and in the body of words, p is 

 usually sounded ; and then it has the sound of p in English. 

 When final, it is generally silent. Exceptions will best be 

 found out by consulting a French dictionary. 



59. Q, q. Q is pronounced liko the English L 



60. E,, r. The sound of this letter is somewhat peculiar, 

 having a rolling 1 or jarring sound, produced by vibrating the tip 

 cf the tongue against the roof of the mouth, near the upper 

 front teeth. It is never sounded in the French words messieurs 

 and monsieur. 



Its sound in other respects is that of English r. It is often 

 dropped, or nearly so, in the body cf a vrord, but especially in 

 the last syllable, in common conversation, namely : 



Notre as if printed Nitr'. 

 Votre Votr'. 



But in solemn and dignified reading or speaking it is 

 Bounded very distinctly (when at all), with the rolling sound. 



61. S, S. S has two distinct sounds, which are determined 

 by its position, viz.: the sharp, hissing sound of s in the 

 English words dissever and kiss, and the soft sound of s in the 

 English word nose, equivalent to the English letter z. It has 

 the sharp and hissing sound whenever it is initial. 



It has the soft sound whenever it occurs between two vowels, 

 namely : 



FBKHCH. PRONTO. ENGLISH. | FRENCH. PRONUN. ENGLISH. 

 Baptiser Ba-tee-zay To baptise. 

 Baser Bah-zay To base (upon). 

 Choisir Sh'wah-zeer To choose. 

 Desordre Day-zordr Disorder. 



DesoWir Day-zo-bay- To disobey. 



eer 



Maison May-zonk A liouse. 

 Saisir S.iy-zeer To seize. 



There are, however, a few exceptions to the above rule. 8 

 final, before another word commencing with a vowel or h mute, 

 has the sound of the English z, and is connected with the follow- 

 ing word in pronunciation, as if it were its first letter, namely : 



as if printed Apray zavoir dine?. 



Di za mon frere de venir. 



Apres avoir dind 



Dis a mon frere de venir 



In a few words s final is sounded. Refer to the dictionary for 

 these. 



62. T, t. T, when initial, or in the body of a word, is 

 usually 'pronounced like English t. Sometimes, however, both 

 in the body and in the last syllable of words, it has the sound 

 of English s in the word see, namely : 



FRENCH. PRONUNCIATION. 



Caution Ko-seonh 



Democratic Pfty-mo-kray-see 



Ineptie E-nayp-see (first syll. short) 



Inertie E-uayr-see (first syll. short) 



Minutie Me-nu-seo 



Patience Pa-se-anhs 



Primatie Pre-ma-see 



Piophdtie Pro-fay-see 



SatitSte Sa-seay-tay 



ENGLISH. 

 Caution. 

 Democracy. 

 Folly. 

 Inactivity. 

 Frifle. 

 Patience. 

 Primacy. 

 Propliecy. 

 Satiety. 



In a few other words, the t in the last syllable of tie and tier 

 has the common sound of English t. Eefer to the French dic- 

 tionary for their pronunciation. 



T final is usually silent, and is seldom carried to the next 

 word in pronunciation. 



63. V, V. In all situations, v has the sound of English v. 



64. W, W. W is not properly a French letter. It is not 

 found in the French alphabet, though it is sometimes used in 

 foreign words, names of persons, places, and things. When 

 thus used it has the sound of English v. The proper name 

 Newton, however, is printed in French Neuton; and, with the 



exception of the last syllable, which has the nasal sound, the 

 pronunciation of the whole word does not differ from its English 

 pronunciation. 



65. X, X. This letter has different sounds in the French 

 language, as in English. It has fiva different sounds, namely: 



1. Like the English letter k, in the following words : 



FRENCH. PRONUNCIATION. ENGLISH. 



Exces Ek-sai Excess. 



Exception Ek-sep-seonh Exception. 



Excite Ek-see-tay Excited. 



2. Like the English Tetters Its, in the following words : 



FRENCH. PRONUNCIATION. ENGLISH. 



Axe Ak-s Axis. 



Axiome Ak-se-ome Axiom. 



Axiometre Ak-see-o-maitr* Tell-tale (naval term). 



Expe"dier Eks-pay-deay To dispatch. 



Exprimer Eks-pre-may To press out. 



Extase Eks-tahz Rapture. 



Extrait . Eks-tray infract. 



Luxe Luks (short u) Luxury. 



Ex, before a consonant, has the sound of eks, as in the forei 

 going examples. 



3. Like the English letters gz, in the following words: 



FRENCH. PRONUNCIATION. ENGLISH. 



Exacte Eg-zakt Correct. 



Exagdrer Eg-za-xhay-ray To exaggerate. 



Exalter j Eg-zal-tay To exalt. 



Execrable Eg-zay-krabT Execrable. 



Exodo Eg-zod Exodus. 



Exorde Eg-zord Beginning. 



4. Like English ss, in the following words, when alone, or 

 when preceding a word beginning with a vowel or h mute : 



FRENCH. PRONUNCIATION. ENGLISH. 



Dix Deess Ten. 



Six Seess Six. 



Soixante S'wahs-sanht Sixty. 



5. Like English z, in the following words : 



FRENCH. PRONUNCIATION. ENGLISH. 



Deuxieme Duh-zyaim Second. 



Dix-huit Deez-weet Eighteen. 



Dixieme Dee-zyaim Tenth. 



X final is silent in many words, except proper names. 

 X final, when carried to the next word in pronunciation, has 

 the sound of English z, namely : 



Aux homines as if printed Auz hommes. 



Doux et Douz et. 



Jaloux et Jalouz et. 



Voix en Voiz en. 



66. Z, Z. Z is usually sounded like English z. 



Z final, before a word commencing with a consonant, is silent. 

 Z final, before a word commencing with a vowel or h mute, is 

 carried to the next word in pronunciation, as if it were its first 

 letter, namely : - 



Essayez en as if printed Essaye-zen. 

 Laissez un Laisse-zun. 



Songez a Songe-za, etc. 



SECTION XIV. LIST OF WORDS FOR EXERCISES IN 



COMPOSITION (concluded). 



17. OUTILS. TOOLS. 



Fusil, m., gun. 

 Hache, f., axe. 

 Hamecon, m., fishhook. 

 Herse, f., harrow. 

 Houe, f., hoe. 

 Ligne, f., line. 

 Lime, f., file. 

 Meule, f., grindstone. 

 Pelle, f., shovel. 

 Pince, f., crowbar. 

 Pinceau, m., brush, pencil. 

 Poulie, f., pulley. 

 Rabot, m., plane. 

 Rouleau, m., roller. 

 SabliC-rc, f., sandbox. 

 Scie, f., saw. 

 Serrure, f., lock. 

 Tenailles, f. p]., pincers. 



Aline, f., awl. 



Balance, f., scale. 



Bi'cbe, f., spade. 



Brosse, f., brush. 



Brouette, f ., 



Cachet, in., seal. 



Carabine, f., rifle. 



Cbarrue, f., plough. 



Chevalet, m., easel. 



Cire, f., icajr. 



Coscnee, f., hatchet. 



Colle, f., glue. 



Compas, m., compasses. 



Echafauclage, m., sca/Tolding. 



lichelle, f., ladder. 



Enclume, f., anvil. 



Stan, m., vice. 



Faucille, f., sickle. 



Faux, f., scythe. 



Fleau, ja. t flail. 



Truelle, f., trowel. 

 Vis, f., screw- 



