



18. MiNiiuux ET MKTAIIX, i . IRALH AND 



Acier, ni. . 



.1. ni., I'Hidttone, ). 



in., 6 COM. 

 Altai, 



.. nnd'moniy. 

 \ 



Artonic, in., antnif. 

 . in., brotu. 

 , 



itt. 



i., <in. 



! iron. 



nrLU. 



latr, 



iMoni' . 



Similor, m., jiimMect. 

 Vif-arg> ilr. 



Vermeil, m., *.i . r-<>u. 

 Zino, in . 



1:>. PIKRRES PBECIEUBKS. PRECIOUS STONES. 



t(t-. 



ynto, f., nnuthytt. 



. i-orn^Ii'iiii. 

 i, in., diamond, 

 aid. 



. f., carbuncl*. 

 Grenat, in., 



Jaspo, m., jaxptr. 

 Onyx, m., onyx. 

 Perlo, f., pearl. 

 Rubis, in., i 

 Sanguine, f., bloodftone. 

 S.ijihir, m., sapphire. 

 Topazo, f., iojMH. 

 Turquoiso, f., turquoise. 



SECTION XX. THE FOUE CONJUGATIONS OF VEEBS. 



1. Tho four classes, or conjugations, into which the French 

 verbs arc- divided, are distinguished by tho endings of the 

 present of the infinitive [ 44]. Tho first conjugation ends in 

 r, as chanter, to sing; donner, to give; parlor, to speak; cher- 

 oher, tt> 



The second conjugation ends in ir, as cherir, to cherish; pnnir, 

 to punish; munir, to provide with; finir, to finish. 



Tho termination of tho infinitive of the regular verbs of the 

 third oonj ugation is evoir, as, devoir, to owe; recevoir, to receive; 

 that of tho irregular verb is oir, as, valoir, to be worth. 



The fourth conjugation ends in re, as rendre, to render; fendre, 

 to split; tcndro, to stretch; vendre, to sell. 



2. A verb preceded by another verb (other than tho auxiliaries 

 avoir and etre), or by a preposition (other than en), is put in 

 tho present of tho infinitive : 



H va travailler ou lire, 



He is going to tcorfc or to read. 



3. In French, verbs aro often connected with others by pre- 

 positions not answering literally to those which accompany tho 

 same verbs in English. They also often coire together without 

 prepositions. Tho student will find, in 129, and tho following 

 Sections of Part II. of these Lessons, lists of verbs, with tho 

 prepositions which they require after them. 



4. The following idioms aro followed by tho preposition do 

 when they como before a verb [ 132] : 



Avoir besoin, to want. 

 Avoir couturac, to be accustomed. 

 Avoir dessein, to intend, to design. 

 Avoir envie, (o liave a wish, a desire. 



Avoir le temps, to fcae time, or 



leisure. 



Avoir peur, to be a/ra:d. 

 Avoir raison, (o le right. 



Avoir honte, to be ashamed. \ Avoir regret, to regret. 



Avoir intention, or 1'intention, to ! Avoir tort, to be u row. 



tnfend. j Avoir snjet, to have reason. 



Avoir 1 courage, to have courage. Avoir soin.to ts/:e care. 



5. Tho following are examples of the use of tho preposition 

 after the above idioms : 



Cet enfant a besoin de donnir, 

 Vous avez houte do courir, 



BESUMK OF 



Avez-voua quelquo chose a dire ? 

 Jo n'ai rien a diro. 

 Votre sowr n'a-t-elle rien a I'criro ? 

 Elle a deux lettrea a dcriro. 



le temps do lea <<crire ? 

 Elle n'n ] 



Ello n'a pas 1'intention de les ecrire. 

 Elle n'a pas envie de les ^criro. 

 Avez-vous pour de duuser ? 

 J> n'ai pas honte de dnnaer. 

 Votre cousin a raison de sortir. 

 N'avez-vous pas soin dYcrire ? 

 Avez-vous le courage d'aller a la 

 guerre? 



T7tat child wants to slurp. 

 You are, ashamed of running. 



EXAMPLES. 



JIave j;ou anything to sayt 

 I have nothing to >--iv. 

 Jloti I'our sisU-r nothing to write t 

 i'he ha.s- , irrife. 



Has the time to write (hem.' 

 She does not tl them. 



She doc* not tutend to write them. 

 She has no desire to write tlicm. 

 Are you afraid to dance .' 

 I am not ashamed to dance, 

 your cousin is right to go o-it. 

 Do 1011 not tufce rare to write f 

 Have you the cuuruge to yu to thi 

 war' 



AchAter, to bty. 

 Champ, m., ;UW. 

 Dancer, to dane. 



[> I,. :.... I..- ir. . , ../.. 



Donnir, to tlttp. 

 fierire, > 



VOCABULARY. 



Fain, to malu. 

 

 Journal, m., 



t, ro../ly." 



ritma. 



! Lire, (o read. 

 i Marcher, to watt. 



Man, m.. Marc*. 

 Ife-ricv. *, . 

 Pa, L, ftt. 



Parler, (o tjxck. 



tM. 

 Tntalll. r, to vtrk, 



Ey.Knci-.iK 35. 



1. Votro. belle-mere a-t-cllo qoelqoo cboM a (sire? 2. Ella 

 n'a rien a faire. 3. A-t-ollo deux pages a. i-criro ? ; 



! n'cn a qu'une. 5. AVCZ-TOU* 1'intcntion de lire 

 ' 'ui, Madame, j'ui ri.-it<--:itijn <! 1-: lire. 7. 

 Avez-vous rairon d'acheter on habit de Tclotm ? 8. J'ai raixon 

 d'cn achoter un. 9. Votro potito fillo a-t^ello betoin do i 

 10. Oui, Monsieur, olio a becoin de donnir, ello cut fatigu. 

 Avez-vona pcur do tomber ? 12. Je n'ai pan pear do tomber. 



13. Lo jardinicr a-t-il lo temps de travailler dan* lea champ* P 



14. II n'a pas enrio do traTaillcr dan* lee cham, 



champs Hont-ils annei grand* quo lea mieiui ? 16. U tout pins 

 grands quo les Yotres. 17. Avez-voau honto do marcher 

 Je n'ai pas honto do marcher, mais j'ai honte de daaser. 19. 

 -avotro fil.-:- jo. II a eeire ana. 21. Avons-nom le 

 deux Mars ou lo cinq Juin P 22. Noun avons lo vingt-bnit 

 Juillct. 23. Est-il midi .- :.' 1 . Xon, Mon'-ienr, il n'eat pM 

 encore midi, il n'ost que onzo heurea et demie. 25. II eat encore 

 do bonne heure. 



EXERCIBE 3G. 



1. What has your brother-in-hvw to do ? 2. Ho has letters 

 to write. 3. Does ho want to work ? 4. Yes, Sir, he wanta to 

 work. 5. Does ho intend to read my book ? 6. Ho does not 

 intend to read your book, ho has no time. 7. la your sister 

 ashamed to walk ? 8. My cister is not ashamed to walk, bat 

 my brother is ashamed to dance. 9. Has your cousin anything 

 to say ? 10. My cousin has nothing to say, she is afraid to 

 speak. 11. Is it late? 12. No, Madam, it is not late, it is 

 early. 13. Havo you a wish to read my sister's letter (f.) ? 14. 

 Have you the courage to go to the war ? 15. I have not tho 

 courage to go to the war. 16. Is your sister right to bay a mTV 

 dress (f.) ? 17. Yes, Sir, she is right to buy one. 18. Docs that 

 child want to sleep ? 19. No, Sir, that child does not want to 

 sleep, ho is not tired. 20. Has your brother's gardener a wish to 

 work in my garden ? 21. Ho has a wish to work in (dans) 

 mine. 22. How old is that child ? 23. That child is ten years 

 old. 24. What is tho day of the month ? "25. It is the ninth of 

 March. 26. Are you afraid to walk ? 27. I am not afraid to 

 walk, but I am tired. 28. Havo you time to read my brother's 

 book ? 29. I have time to read his book. 30. Has the joiner a 

 wish to speak ? 31. He has a wish to work and to read. 32. 

 Is your son afraid of falling ? 33. He is not afraid of falling, 

 but ho is afraid of working. 34. What o'clock is it ? 35. It 

 is twelve. 



OUR HOLIDAY. 



GYMNASTICS. IV. 



THE HORIZONTAL BAB. 



THIS contrivance, which is also called tho <; Rack," 13 ono of the 

 most useful within tho range of gymnastic appliances. It is 

 also one of the most simple in its character, consisting of two 

 stout upright posts, firmly embedded in tho ground, and croisod 

 by a movable round bar, about two inches in diameter. The 

 pdbts should be about seven feet high, and drilled with holea 

 commencing at a distance of three feet from tho ground, and 

 continuing to the top. These holes are for tho ready insertion 

 of the bar at any desired height from tho ground. For secnrify 

 in its position, each end of the bar should bo provided with a 

 cap, screwed on or otherwise fixed after it b placed in the 

 uprights. 



1. The exercises upon tho bar aro commenced from tho position 

 shown in our illustration (Fig. 13). From this position a variety 

 of simple movements may bo practised, all tending to assist 

 the development of the muscular powers. Thus, tho body 

 may first be gently swung to and fro ; then the hands may 

 bo used in travcllin'j from < nd to end of the bar; and next the 

 body may bo raised by the arms until the bar is below the 

 level of the head. Free movements of the legs are also de- 



