206 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



LESSONS IN FKENCH. XIII. 



SECTION I. FBENCH PRONUNCIATION (continued). 

 v. COMPOUND VOWELS (continued). 



ETT. Name, uli; sound, like the e mute or unaccented, which 

 has been already explained, except when it is a verb, or com- 

 mences a verb, in which latter case it has the sound of French 

 u, which also has been explained. 



FRENCH. PHONUN. ENGLISH. 

 Demeure D'muhr Residence. 



Eux Uh 



Fleur Fluhr 

 Heureux Uh-ruh 

 Uhr 

 Zhulin 



Heure 

 Jeune 



Them. 



Plover. 



Happy. 



Hour. 



Young. 



FRENCH. PRONUN. ENGLISH. 



Leur Luiir Their. 



Mi-lieu Me-le-uh Middle. 



Peuple Puhpl' People. 



Pleu-voir Pluh-v'walir To rain. 



Plusieurs Plu-ze-uhr 3fany. 



Veuve Vuhv Widow. 



Sometimes the u of this combination is tinder a circumflex 

 accent, thus, eu, in which case the sound of the compound vowel 

 is prolonged. 



The correct sound of this compound vowel is no more difficult 

 to be acquired than is tho correct sound of e mute or unaccented. 

 But it often happens that the letter, or combination of letters, 

 which immediately follows it, adds vastly to the difficulty of 

 pronouncing it. Bring the lips nearly together, ovally, in speak- 

 ing this compound vowel. Practise patiently and thoroughly 

 upon the above and other examples, until you are satisfied you 

 have mastered the difficulty. 



OI. Name, oah, or ivah; sound, like the letters odh of the 

 proper name Noah. Do not give this compound vowel the 

 sound of loor, or oo-aiue, as is too commonly done. 



FRENCH. PRONUN. 

 Ardoise Ar-doahz 

 Auditoira O-dit-oahr 

 Avoir Av'wahr 

 Bois B'wah 



D^sespoir Day-zes-p'- 



wahr 

 Devoir Dev'-wahr 



OU. Name, oo; 

 word moon. 



ENGLISH. 

 Slate. 

 Assembly. 

 To have. 

 Wood. 

 Desperation. 



To owe. 



FRENCH. PRONUN. ENGLISH. 

 Histoire Is-t'wahr History. 



(trill the r) 



Manoir Man'wahr .Manor. 

 Noir N'wahr Slack. 



Pouvoir Poo-v'wahr To be able. 

 Eoi E'wah (trill King. 



ther) 



sound, like the letters oo in the English 



PRONUN. ENGLISH. 

 Poor (trill For. 



ther) 



Poo-ree Rottenness. 



Boote (trill A route. 



ther) 



Toote All. 



Too-shay To touch. 

 Toore Journey. 



VI. - DIPHTHONGS. 



68. There are six diphthongs, namely : ia, ie, io, ua, ue, ui, 

 whose sounds we now proceed to illustrate. 



But do not suppose that these combinations of vowels are 

 always diphthongs, in whatever place they are situated. If 

 followed by two consonants, the first of which is TO or n, the 

 last vowel forms with the m or n a nasal, unless the m or n be 

 doubled. 



Sometimes, again, these vowels which now appear as diph- 

 thongs are but parts of syllables of a word, and must be pro- 

 nounced only as distinct vowels. 



I A. Name, ia ; sound, like the letters i in the English 

 word fig, and a in the word fat, pronounced as one syllable. 

 The sounds of both, however, must be distinctly heard without 

 any hiatus between them. 



FRENCH. PRONUN. ENGLISH. 



Criarcl Kree-ar Clamorous. 



Coriac^ Kor-eeassay Tough. 



Fiacre Fee-akr Cab. 



latrique latreek latrieal. 



Piaffe Pee-aff Ostentation. 



FRENCH. PRONUN. ENGLISH. 

 Pliable Plee-abl Flexible. 

 Pliage Plee-azh .Folding. 

 Tiare Tee-ar (trill Tiara. 



ther) 

 Viande Vee-anhd Heat. 



IE. Name, ee; sound, like the letters ee in the English 

 Word bee. 



FRENCH. 



Academie 



Analogie 



Anoinalie 



Asie 



Bonhomie 



PRONUNCIATION. 



Ak-ad-aymee 



An-al-ozhee 



An-om-alee 



Az-ee 



Bo-no-mee 



ENGLISH. 

 Academy. 

 Analogy. 

 Anomaly. 

 Asia. 

 Good nature. 



FRENCH. PRONUNCIATION. ENGLISH. 



Bonneterie Bo-nait'-ree Hosiery business. 



Comedie Ko-may-dee Comedy. [Jectionary. 



Confiserie Konh-fiz-ree Art of making con- 



Deinocratie Day-mo-kra-see Democracy. 



Figuede Feeg'-ree A jig-garden. 



Pie Pee A magpie. 



Vie Veo Life. 



This combination is a very common ending of words in the 

 French language. The e, however, often bears the acute accent, 

 thus, ie. These vowels also appear very often in the body of a 

 word, with the e accented. In such cases they do not constitute 

 a diphthong, and cannot be illustrated by the sound of ee in the 

 English word bee, but each preserves its own distinct vowel 

 sound. 



IO. Name, eo; sound, like tho letters io in the last syllable 

 of the Latin word cur-cu-lio. 



FRENCH. PRONUNCIATION. ENGLISH. 



Approvisiouner A-pro-vee-zeo-uay To victual. 

 Cautionn^ Ko-seo-nay A warrantee. 



Denationaliser Day-na-seo-na-le-zay To denationalise. 



Mioche Meo-sh (long o) A brat. 



Pioche Peo-sh (long o) Pickaxe. 



Violon Veo-lonh Violin. 



This diphthong retains the sound first illustrated in most, if 

 not all, endings in sion and lion. 



SECTION XXIII. IBEEGULAE VEEBS : THEIE PEESENT 

 INDICATIVE. 



1. There are in French, as in other languages, verbs which 

 are called irregular, because they are not conjugated according 

 to the rule, or model verb of the conjugation to which they 

 belong [ 62]. 



2. Many irregular verbs have tenses which are conjugated 

 regularly. 



3. The singular of the present of the indicative of tho irre- 

 gular verbs is almost always irregular. 



4. In verbs ending in yer, the y is changed into i before an e 

 mute [ 49]. 



5. PRESENT OP THE INDICATIVE OP THE IRREGULAR VERBS. 

 ALLER, 1, to go. ENVOYER, 1, to send. 



S. Je vais, I 30, do go, J'euvoie (E. 4) I send, 

 or am going. do send, or am send- 



In vas. Tu'envoies. [ing. 



II va. II envoie. 



P. Nous aliens. 

 Vous 1 1 lie/.. 

 Us vont. 



Nous envoyOns. 



Vous envoyez. 



Us envoieut (E. 4). 



VENIR, 2, to come. 

 Je viens, I come, do 



come, or am comi?ia. 

 Tu viens. 

 II vient. 

 Nous venons. 

 Vous vonez. 

 Us viennent. 



6. All verbs ending in enir are conjugated like venir. 



7. The student will find in C2 the irregular verbs alpha- 

 betically arranged. He should always consult that table when 

 he meets with an irregular verb. 



8. The expression a la maison is used for the English at 

 horns, at his or her house, etc. 



Le chirurgien est-il a la maison ? Is tlie surgeon at home ? 

 Mon frere est a la raaison, AT; brother is at home. 



9. The preposition chez, placed before a noun or pronoun, 

 answers to the English at the house of, ivith (meaning at tlie 

 residence of), among, etc. [ 142 (3)]. 



Chez moi, chez lui, chez eHe, At my house, at his house, at her 



house. 



Chez nous, chez vous, chez eux, m., At our house, at your house, at their 

 chez elles, f., ?iouse. 



That is, literally, at the house of me, at the house of him, etc. 

 Chez mon pere, chez ma sceur, At my father's, at my sister's. 



10. The word avec answers to the English with, meaning 

 merely in the company of. 



Venez avec nous, ou avec lui, Come with us, or icith 7iim. 



11. The word y means to it, at it, at that place, there. It is 

 generally placed before the verb, and refers always to some- 

 thing mentioned [ 39, 103, 104]. 



Votre scaur est-elle chez vous ? Is your sister at your house ? 



Oui, Monsieur, elle y est, Yes, Sir, she is there. 



12. In French, an answer cannot, as in English, consist merely 

 of an auxiliary or a verb preceded by a nominative pronoun; as, 

 Do you come to my house to-day ? I do. Have you books ? 

 I have. The sentence in French must be complete ; as, I go 



