228 



THE POPTJLAE EDUCATOR. 



been called " a man's surroundings." Circum enters into the 

 composition of many words ; e.g., circumnavigation, circumlocu- 

 tion, circumspect, circumscribe, etc. 



" The circumscription of a thing is nothing else but the detennina 

 tioii or denning of it3 place." More, " Soul." 



Cis, of Latin origin, signifying on this side of (Rome being 

 considered the centre), is found in Cisalpine, this side of tlie Alps. 

 in opposition to Transalpine, on the other side of the Alps; Oallia 

 Cisalpina was what we call Lombardy; Gallia Transalpine!, was 

 Gaul or France. 



Co, of Latin origin (cum, with), occurs in the forms cog, col, 

 com, con, COP. 



Co, as in coalesce (from co and aleo, Latin, I grow), to grow 

 together; it is found in the derivatives coalescence, coalition. 



"No coalition which, under the specious name of independency, 

 carries in its bosom the unreconcilable principles of the original dis- 

 cord of parties, ever was or will be a healing coalition." Burke, on 

 the Nation. 



Cog, as in cogrnate (from cog, and natus, Latin, born), born 

 with, of the same family or kind ; cog is found also in cognition 

 (Latin cum, u-ith, and nosco, I know), knowledge ; a means of 

 knowing, a cognisance or token. 



" Tor which cause men imagined that he gave the sunne in his full 

 brightness for his cognisaunce or badge." Hall, " Henry IV." 



Col, as in coHoquial (Latin cum, u-ith, and loquor, I speak), re- 

 lating to conversation ; as also in collusion (from col, and ludo, 

 Latin, I play), a, playing togetlier; that is, to deceive. 



" Well, let us now leve the cloked collusion that remayned in France, 

 and return to the open dissimulacion which now appeared in Eng- 

 Jande." Hall, " Henry VI." 



Coin, as in commemorate (from com, and memor, Latin, mind- 

 ful), to keep in mind, to recall to mind ; found in commensurate, 

 comminute, commute, compact, etc. 



" A different spinning every different web 

 Asks from your glowing fingers ; some require 

 The more compact, and some the looser wreath." 



Dyer, "Fleece." 



Cor, as in correct (from cor, and rego, Latin, I rule), and cor- 

 respond, corrode, cojTupt, corrugate (from cor, and ruga, Latin, a 



wrinkle). 



" The full lips, the rough tongue, the corrugate cartilaginous palate, 

 the broad, cutting teeth of the ox, the deer, the horse, and the sheep, 

 qualify this tribe for browsing upon their pasture." Paley, " Natural 



Thcoloay." 



Contra, of Latin origin (contra, over against), as in contraband 

 (bannum, low Latin, a decree, laiv), against tlie law, smuggled ; 

 and in contradict, contrary. Contra appears in another form 

 namely, counter, counterfeit (from counter, contre, and faire, 

 French, to make), and in counterpane, a covering. 



" On which a tissue counterpane was cast, 



Arachnd's web the same did not surpass, 

 "Wherein the story of his fortunes past 

 In lively pictures neatly handled was." 



Drayton, " TJie Barons' TTars." 



De, of Latin origin, denoting motion downward, has, in com- 

 "bination, the following meanings, being modifications of its 

 original import. 



1. Down, as in decrease, develop (Latin, volvo, I roll) ; de- 

 throne, to put down a king. 



" The question of dethroning or cashiering of kings will always'be an 

 extraordinary question of state, and wholly out of the law." Burke, 

 " French Revolution." 



Also in debase (from de, and battre, French, to l>eat), which ori- 

 ginally meant to lower in regard to material things ; e.g. : 



"King Edward III., in the sixteenth year of his reign, proclaimed 

 that no man should sell wool-fels or leather under such a price, so 

 that these staple commodities might not be debased." State Trials, 1606. 



The application of the word debase to a moral influence is 

 exemplified in this citation : 



" Sam. So let her go. God sent her to debase me, 

 And aggravate my folly, who committed 

 To such a viper his most sacred trust 

 Of secresie, my safety, and uiy life." 



Milton, " Samson .^Qonisfes." 



2. From, as in debar, to bar or keep from, to prevent. 



" His song was all a lamentable lay, 

 Of great uukindness, and of usage hard, 

 Of Cythia, the lady of the sea, 

 Which from her presence faultless him debarred." Spenser. 



3. Out, thoroughly, as in declare (de and clarus, Latin, clear), 

 in which the prefix has the form of an intensive ; to make clear, 

 that is, by utterance. 



4. Not, with a force like un in undo, reversing the sense ; as, 

 decompose, to do the opposite of composing, that is, compound- 

 ing; decollation (de and collum, Latin, the neck), un-necking, 

 that is, beheading, decorticate (de and cortex, Latin, bark), to 

 strip off the bark ; defame, etc. 



" Bless ye men that cursen you, preye ye for men that defamen 

 you." Wiclif, " Test.," Luke vi. 



Deca, of Greek origin, meaning ten, is found in decade, a 

 period of ten years ; in decalogue (from the Greek Se/ca, pro- 

 nounced deck'-a, ten, and \oyos, pronounced log'-os, word, dis- 

 course), the ten words or commandments of God. Deca is found 

 also in the Latin form of decem, as in decemviri (Latin, decem, 

 ten, and vir, a man), the decemvirs. 



" By this time were the ambassadors returned with the Athenian 

 lawes. And therefore the tribunes (at Borne) were so much the more 

 earnest and urgent that once at length they would set on to describe 

 and put down some lawes. And agreed it was that there should be 

 created decemvirs above all appeale." Holland, " Livy." 



Demi, of Latin origin, in the forms demi, semi, hemi, a half, 

 is found in demy, in semibreve, and in hemispJiere. 



"Thou wouldst make an absolute courtier, and the firm fixture of 

 thy foot would give an excellent motion to thy gait, in a semi-circled 

 farthingale." Shakespeare, " Merry Wives of Windsor." 



A farthingale is a hooped petticoat or gown. 



Dia, of Greek origin, through (so as to divide), is found in 

 diameter, a measure through, from one side of the circle to the 

 opposite ; in diagonal (from the Greek 5io, pronounced dy'-er, 

 through, and 701/10, pronounced gon'-i-er, a comer or angle), a 

 line drawn from corner to corner; in dialogue (from dia. and 

 logos, Greek, a discourse), etc. 



Far. How dost, fool ? 



Ape. Dost dialogue with thy shadow ? 



Far. I speak not to thee. S7iafcespeare, " Timon." 



Dia is abbreviated into di, as in dichotomy (from the Greek 

 Sta, through, and rejui/w, pronounced teru'-no, I cut), a twofold 

 division, or class. 



" All things reported are reducible to this dicTiofomie : 1. the foun- 

 tain of invention ; 2, the channell of relation." .FwHer, " Worthier." 



Dis, or dia in another form, may be rendered by the phrase, 

 in, two directions, or in different ways, as in distract (from dis 

 and traho, I draw) ; to distract is to draw a person's mind in 

 two or more directions so as to produce confusion and pain. 

 Dis is found in these forms, namely, di, dif, div. 



Di, dif, etc., as in diverse (from di and versus, turned), turned 

 in opposite directions, different, opposed 



" And for there is so great diuersitie 



In English, and in writing of our tong, 

 So pray I God that none miswrite thee, 

 Ne misse the metre for defaut of song." 



Cliaucer, "Troilus." 



Dif, as in di/ficult, where the dif (dis) has a reversing force ; 

 difficult comes from dis and facilis ; facilis is the Latin for easy, 

 bhe a being changed into i, as is customary in compounds of 

 facio ; so that difficult is equivalent to our uneasy ; that is, not 

 easy. 



Dir (of Latin origin), as in dirge, a sacred song, so called 

 :rom the beginning of the Psalm, " Dirige nos, Domine " (Direct 

 us, Lord), and accustomed to be sung at funerals. 

 " The raven croaked, and hollow shrieks of owls, 

 Sung dirges at her funeral." 



j?ord, " Lover's Melancholy." 



Doicn, of Saxon origin, is the expression of descent; henoo 

 motion from a higher to a lower level ; and hence, perhaps, the 

 application to " the downs," that is, hillocks viewed in relation 

 10 their declivities. Down was formerly used as a verb. 

 " The hidden beauties seemed in wait to lie, 

 To down yroud hearts that would not willing die." 

 Sir P. Sidney, " 



