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THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



LESSONS IN PENMANSHIP. XVI. 



IN our last lesson, in Copy-slip No. 52, we gave an example of 

 tho elementary looped stroke which enters into the composition 

 of the letters j, y, and g, and, with a little modification, into 

 tH formation of the letter Z. To make this new elementary 

 strike, a thick down-stroke must be commenced at tho lino a a, 

 as in Copy-slip No. 57, for example, and carried downwards in a 

 slanting direction towards the left. As the stroke approaches 

 the line b b, the pressure on the pen must be lessened and 

 gradually reduced until the thick stroke narrows into a hair- 



turned in an easy and flowing stroke. To show the necessity of 

 this, the learner has only to turn tho loop before reaching tho 

 line h h, when be will find that this imparts a stunted appear- 

 ance to the stroke, or to any letter into whoso composition it 

 enters, which is far from satisfactory. 



To form the letter j, it is only necessary to place a dot above 

 the elementary looped stroke that has just been described, on 

 the line d d, which is, as it has been stated in a previous lesson 

 (page 61), three-sixteenths of an inch above the lino a a. In 

 Copy-slip No. 54 the elementary strokes entering into tho com- 

 position of the letters y and g are shown, tho first of these 



COPY-SLIP NO. 54. ELEMENTARY STROKES FORMING y AND g. 



COPY-SLIP NO. 55. THE LETTER 



COPY-SLIP NO. 56. THE LETTER g. 



COPY-SLIP NO. 57. THE WORD 



line, which is turned at the line h \ and brought upwards over 

 the line b b, in a direction slanting upwards towards the right, 

 crossing the down-stroke in a graceful curve a little below the 

 last-named line. 



The distance between the lines b b and h h should be 

 exactly nine-sixteenths of an inch. The learner, on referring 



+ ri py " slips No- 30 (page 133) and No - 39 (p a e 173 ) wil1 see 



that letters carried below the line b b terminate on a line at the 

 distance of seven-sixteenths of an inch below it, when the stroke 

 below b b is of uniform thickness throughout, as in the letter p, 

 or has a bottom-turn to the right, as in the letter q. In the 

 formation, however, of looped letters, an eighth of an inch more 

 w required to give space enough to admit of tho loop being 



letters consisting of the top-and-bottom-turn and the elementary 

 looped stroke, while the second is formed by a combination of 

 this stroke and the letter o. In Copy-slips No. 55 and 56, tha 

 letters y and g are given, showing bow the elementary strokes 

 of which they are composed are joined together, while in Copy- 

 slip No. 57 an example is given of the method in which the 

 letter j is joined to any letter that follows it, and the letter y 

 to a letter that precedes it. 



The learner has now been taught how to make nineteen out of 

 the twenty-six letters of the writing alphabet, and these we shall 

 bring under his notice in a single lesson, after giving a few more 

 examples for practice in writing letters looped below the line b l) t 

 and combining them with others. 



