>xs ix . 





alwayn -il'-ut ; tin" n in Hilent by the rnlo of cuntom, and tho r in 

 .. .i.i-.lini,' to tho general rule which obtain* ooncerniug 



:mts. 



out of the word tho letters n and r, and we hare morieu. 

 ' now into sylliibloH, and wo have mo and *ieu. In tin- 

 is short, like tho letter o in the English word 

 n t'oro the pronunciation of tho first syllable, mo, U 

 .-.ri:iin.-cl. But in tho second and last syllable, rieu, we 

 have a diphthong of three tueeenive vowtli, viz., w?u, divided 

 thus, i > ". )>i it pronounced aa one syllable, preserving the sounds 

 ,.f l,..t :i !:. isions. Tho Bound of i is short, like t in tho Knplinh 

 d the sound of eu is exactly like e mute or un- 

 ted. 



Those aro tho elements of the different sounds in tho French 

 .uid aro thus pronounced, viz., mo-sieu, or 

 



Sometimes' it is pronounced moa-neu, but incorrectly, because 

 the Pari.-i:m critic and scholar gives it but one , and that at 

 tho beginning of the second syllable. 



Hence it will bo perceived that it is simply ridiculous to pro- 

 noimco this word mong-seer or mon-seeuh. The on in this word 

 is not a nasal, because the n is silent. The i is not long, and 

 < imiH't bo illustrated by ee, but is short, as above explained. 



,7. \V>< now proceed to examples in which the nasal vowel 

 Bounds twn. and un are found. 



FRENCH. 



Huinhlrim-iit 

 Turf urn 



UM. 



PRONUNCIATION. 

 Unh-bl'-manh 

 Par-fuuh 



ENGLISH. 



Humbly. 

 Perfume. 



The f ollowing are exceptions to tho above illustrated pronun- 

 ciation, viz. : 



PRONUNCIATION. ENGLISH. 



Lonli-bag-o Lumbago. 



Rum .Rum. 



fta 



Lumbago 

 Bum, Bbnm, 



and Rumb 

 Uiuble 



Onb-bl* Umber. 

 UN. 



FRENCH. PRONUNCIATION. ENGLISH. 



Aucun O-kunh Any. 



Chncuii Shak-unh (first syll. short) Koch. 



Comniun Ko-muuh Common. 



Un Unh On*. 



The following are exceptions to the above illustrated pronun- 

 ciation, viz.: 



Nuncupatif 

 Nundinal 



Nonh-ku-pah-teef 

 Nonh-de-nal 



Nuncupative.' 

 JNundtnal.t 



78. Ym and yn are now very seldom found in the French 

 language ; they are, however, pronounced like irn and in, which 

 have been already illustrated. 



NASAL DIPHTHONGAL SOUNDS. 



79. There are seven nasal diphthongal combinations, and they 

 are thus divided and pronounced, viz. : 



ian divided into i-an and pronounced eanh. 



eanh. 

 eonh. 



uaub or wanh. 

 uanb or wanh. 

 ooauh or wanh. 



ion 



ion 



nan 



uiu 



ouan 



ouin 



i-eu 



i-on 



u-an 



ii-in 



ou-an 



ou-in 



ooanh or waiili. 



SECTION XXVI.-PLACE OF THE PRONOUNS. 



1. The personal pronoun used as the direct [ 2 (2), 42 (4)] 

 object of a verb,J is in French placed before the verb, except in 

 the second person singular or in the first and second persons 

 plural of tho imperative usid affirmatively. 



He sees me, 'he loves him. 

 He loves us, he loves you. 



2. Tho personal pronoun representing the indirect object of 

 the verb [ 2 (3), 42 (5)] answering to the dative of the Latin, 

 and to the indirect object of the English with the preposition to 



II me voit, il 1'aime, 



II nous ainio, il vous aime, 



* A law term meaning " verbal," in the sense of " not written." 



t Pertaining to a fair, or market. 



J The young student will easily distinguish the personal pronoun 

 nsed as the direct object of a verb, by the fact that there is in English 

 no preposition between the verb and this pronoun. 



expressed or understood, U also in French pladvd More tha 



verb: 



II me park, U lui park, He spook* tome, he spt+ks to turn, 



II nous douno uue flour, tie f MM* ut Jto**r.* 



n vous p*rl, il tour parle, He >i*kt la y*M, JU spooks to them. 



3. The personal pronoun U generally placed a/tor the follow- 

 ing verbs < aller, to yot aooounr, in run to; courir, to nut; venir, 

 to come ; penscr i, songer a, to think of. 



II virat i moi, He comet to me. 



D pease vous, euz. lie th\nks of you, of tk*m. 



4. In the imperative used affirmatively, the pronoun* follow 

 the verb. 



Aimez-le, parles-lenr, Lois (Urn, speak to U>em. 



5. The words en and y follow the above rules, except the 

 third. 



J'en porle, j'y pense, I speak of it, I think of it. 



6. The pronoun used aa the indirect object of a verb, answer- 

 ing to the genitive or ablative of the Latin, and to the indirect 

 object which in English is separated from the verb by a pre- 

 position other than to, is in French always placed after the verb. 



Je parle de lui, d'elle, d'eoz, I speak of him, of her, of thtm. 



Je reate avec TOUS et avec euz, I remain icith you n4 wilt, tfem. 



7. All pronouns used as objects of verbs must be repeated. 

 Je les aime, je les respects, je les I love them, rosptct, and fcwow 



honore, them. 



RKSUMK OF 

 M'entendez-vous ? 

 Je ne vous eutends pas. 

 Les entendez-vous ? 

 Je les vois et je les entends. 

 II nous aime et il nous honore. 

 Me parlez-vous de votre ami ? 

 Je vous parle de lui. (B. 6.) 

 Nous parlez-vous de ces dames? 

 Je vous parle d'elles. 

 Ne leur parlez-vous pas ? 

 Je n'ai pas envie de leur parlor. 

 Parlez-lui ; ne lui parlez pas. 



Allez a lui, courez a lui. 

 Parlez-leur ; ne leur parlez-pas. 



EXAMPLES. 



Do you hear [or understand] 



I da not understand [or JUar] yov. . 



Do you hear them? 



J MO them. <nd **dnt<m4 Uum. 



He loves and honours us. 



Do you speak to me of your friend f 



I speak to t,ou of him. 



Do you speak to 11* about Utoosltdiett 



I speak to you of thorn. 



Do you not spook to them r 



I have no wish to spook to them. 



Speak to him or her; do not tjxak to 



him or her. 



Go to him, run to him. 

 Speak to them; do not speak to them. 



VOCABULARY. 



EXERCISE 47. 



1. Allez-vons lui t'crire ? 2. Je vais lui ecrire et lui com* 

 muniqner cette nouvelle. 3. Allez-vous lui parler de moi * 4. 

 Je vais lui parler de vous et de votre compagnon. 5. Lenr 

 envoyez-vons de beaux arbres ? 6. Je leur envoie dee pom- 

 miers, des poiriers et des cerisiers. 7. Ne m'envoyei-vons 

 pas de cerisiers. 8. Je ne vous en envoie pas, vous en avez 

 deja. 9. Avez-vous raison de leur parler de cette affaire? 10. 

 Je n'ai pas tort de leur parler de cette affaire. 11. Vena* 

 nous domain matin. 12. Venez nous tronver cette apres-midi. 

 13. Allez-vous les trouver tous les jours ? 14. Je vais lee 

 trouver tous les soirs. 15. Lenr donnez-vous de bons avu? 

 16. Je leur donne do bons avis et de bons exemplee. 17. Nous 

 parlez-vous de vos secure ? 18. Je vous parle d'elles. 19. Ne 

 nous parlez-vous pas de uos freres ? 20. Jo vous parle d'eux. 

 21. Ne les aimcz-vous pas ? 22. Nous les aimons et nous lea 

 rtspectons. 23. Pensez-vous a ce livre, on n'y pcnset-vous 

 pas ? 24. Nous y pensons et nous en parlous. 25. Nous n'y 

 pcnsons pas. 



EXERCISE 48. 



1. When are you going to write to your brother P 2. I am 

 going to write to him to-morrow morning. 3. Do yon intend 

 to write to him every Monday ? 4. I intend to write to him 

 every Tuesday. 5. Do yon wish to speak to him to-day ? 

 6. I do wish to speak to him, but he is not here. 7. Where 

 is he P 8. He is at his house. 9. Do you speak to them P 10. 



The preposition to is ondert tood. He fires a fawtr to . 



