LKSSONS IN GKMiUAI'HY. 



271 



Hi.rn..uio 



i>u-m- 



:.iW 



F|.:in;no 

 Gntrner 



PKONUNCUTIOX. 

 l:.i.-n 

 Uay-pnay 

 Bee-nron-nee 



I ),,., i 



Dee-tfuee-toir 

 Dee-gnewtajr 

 Ay-pargn 



(i:i. MI> 



ENGLISH. 

 Oo/Uy. 

 JBotfed. 



Worthy. 

 Dignitary. 

 Dignity. 

 Jfoonomy. 

 To tarn. 

 Comb. 

 Ray.guonh i:. /. -.nj. 



S.-.-L-II 



S'wah-Kuyay 

 Veegn'-ronh 



The oxceptiona to this method of pronouncing: the letters 

 gn occur only in these words, in which they belong to different 

 syllables ; that is to Ray, in dividing those words into syllables, 

 it would be found that <j belonged to one syllable, and n belonged 

 to the next succeeding syllable, viz. : 



To atttnd to. 

 F*w-drsr. 



Ignicole 



Ignition 



Ignivome 



Ignivore 



Magnificat 



Begnicole 



Stagnant 



Stagnation 



PBONUHCIATION. 

 Ig-namm 

 Ig-nay 

 Ig-nee-kol 

 Ig-nee-seonh 

 Ig-nee-vom 

 Ig-nee-vor 

 Mag-uec-fee-kat 

 aig-noe-kol 

 Stag-nanh 

 Stag-nah-seonh 



ENGLISH. 

 Indian jwtafo. 

 Igneous. 



Fire-v>or*h\ppr, 

 Ignition. 

 Fire-vomiting. 

 Fire-eating. 



Name of a sacred Jiymn. 

 A native. 

 Stagnant. 

 Stagnation. 



To the above may bo added a few proper names. 



SECTION XXVIII. USE OF THE ARTICLE [ 77]. 



1. The article le, la, les, as already stated, is used in French 

 before nouns taken in a general sense. 



Les jordins sent les ornaments des Gardens are the ornaments of villages 

 villages et des compogues, and of rural districts. 



2. The article is also used in French, as in English, before 

 nouns taken in a particular sense. 



Les jardius de co village sont su- The gardens of this village are su- 

 porbes, yerb. 



3. It is also nsed before abstract nouns, before verbs and 

 adjectives used substantively. 



Idleness is odious. 



Youth is not olicays tractable. 



Eating and drinking are necessary to 



life. 



La paresse est odieuse, 



La jeunesse n'est pas toujours 



docile, 

 Le boire et le monger sont ncces- 



saires a la vie, 



4. The article is used before the names of countries, provinces, 

 rivers, winds, and mountains [ 77 (3) (4)]. 



La Prance est plus grande quo Prance is larger than Italy. 



1'Italie, 

 La Normandie est tros-fertile. Normandy is wry fertile. 



5. The article is used before titles. 





Le G(5m ! ral Cavaignac, 

 Le Marshal Ney, 



General Caraignac. 

 Marshal Ney. 



6. In respectful address or discourse, the words Monsieur, 

 Madame, Mademoiselle are placed before titles and designations 

 of relationship. 



Monsieur le President, (Mr. ) President. 



Madame la Comtesse, (Madam) Countess. 



Mademoiselle votre sceur, (Mi*-*) i/our sister. 



7. The plural of Monsieur, Madame, and Mademoiselle, is 

 Messieurs, Mesdames, and Mesdemoiselles. 



8. The student should be careful to distinguish a noun taken 

 in a general or in a particular sense from one taken in a parti- 

 tive sense [ 78]. 



GENERAL OB PARTICULAR SENSE. 



Nous aimons les livres, 



We like books. 



Kous avons les livres, 



We have the books. 



PARTITIVE SENSE. 

 Nous avona des livres, 

 We hare bool-x, Le., com* toofcs. 

 Vous avez fcrit des lottres, 

 You have icrittn letters, i.e., some 

 letters. 



RESUM OF EXAMPLES. 



La modestie est aimnble. 3fode(;i is amiabTr. 



Le courage eat indispensable au Courage is indispensable to the 



general, general. 



desjar- 

 dins. 

 Les Dears desjsrdias de ee ekatsaa. 



Avez-vous 1' intention de visitor la 



Franc* ? 



J'ai 1 intention <le visitor 1'IUlie. 

 Le CapitaiiM Dumont est-il ici ? 

 Le Major GullUume est cht lot 

 Voyez-Tou* Madam* Totre mire t 

 Jo roU Munaiaur vote* fr*re. 

 Mon fren n'aim* pM IM lonaagM. 



Tk* Jlewm of 0* 



OU. 

 Dp you i*imt vWltaf 



I* Cajt( D*m**t turtt 



Major William u at ftom*. 



Do you *M your otarf 



/ M yor brotJur. 



Jfy brotfctr u *ot/<md o/praiM*. 



VOCABULAET. 



Aim-cr, I, to le fond of, 



to like. 



Apport-er, 1, to briny. 

 Bob, m., wood, fontt. 

 Capitaine, m., captain. 

 Caporal, m., corporal. 



Orine, f., efctrry. 



Lertme. m. t 

 Loto./w. 



Lnadi, m,. VUf . 

 PeaiM, t. jMMfc. 

 Prune, (., plM. 



CtadUr, 1, to stiMiy. 

 Fleur, f../lotrr. 

 Pr&ue, f. f swttwoofTy* 



EXEBCIHI 51. 



1. Aimez-Toas le pain ou la viando? 2. J'ai me le pain, U 

 viande et le fruit 3. Avona-non* dec pcches dans notre jar* 

 din P 4. Nona y avonn des pechew, des fraisM, dec framboisaa 

 et des cerises. 5. Monsieur votre frere aime-t-U les oeriaMf 

 6. II n'aime gnere lee c -rrises, il ph-fere lea prunes, 7. Arez- 

 vous des legnmes P 8. Je n'aime point lea legumes. 9. Nona 

 n'avons ni legumes ni fruits. (Sect. VI. 3, 4.) 10. Nona n'ai- 

 mons ni les legumes ni les fruits. 11. Allez-vous tons lea joon 

 dans le bois de Monsieur votre frero P 12. Je n'y rais paa toiu lea 

 jours. 13. Votre sccur apporte-t-cllc les flcurs? 14. Elle lea 

 apporte. 15. Madame votre mere apporte-t-elle dea fleam f 

 16. Elle en apporte tons les Lundis. 17. Voyoz-vous le Gnral 

 Bcrtrand ? 18. Je ne le vois pas, je vois le Caporal Daohfae. 

 19. Mesdempiselles vos scenrs sont-elles fatiguces ? 20. Heft 

 sceurs sont fatiguees d'etudier. 



EXERCISE 52. 



1. Does your sister like flowers P 2. My sister likes flowers, 

 and my brother is fond of books. 3. Is he wrong to like books? 

 4. No, Sir, he is right to like books and flowers. 5. Hare you 

 many flowers in your garden P 6. Wo hare many flowers and 

 much fruit. 7. Is your cousin fond of raspberries? 8. My 

 cousin is fond of raspberries and* strawberries. 9. Is the cap- 

 tain fond of praises ? 10. He is not fond of praises. 11. Has 

 the gardener brought yon vegetables ? 12. He has brought ma 

 vegetables and fruit.* 13. Is he ashamed to bring you vege- 

 tables r 14. He is neither ashamed nor afraid to sell vegetable*. 

 15. Is your mother tired P 16. My mother is not tired? 17. 

 Is your brother at Colonel D.'s ? 18. He lives at Colonel D.'a, 

 but he is not at home at present (d present). 19. How many 

 peaches have you P 20. I have not many peaches, but I have 

 many plums. 21. Does Captain B. like peaches ? 22. He likes 

 peaches,* plums, raspberries, and strawberries. 23. Are 700 

 going into (dans) your brother's wood P 24. I go there every 

 morning. 25. Is General L. here ? 26. No, Sir, he is not here, 

 he is at your cousin's. 



LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY. IX 



DISCOVERIES OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 

 THE Russian Admiral Kruscnstern, in 1804-5, made an ex- 

 ploratory voyage in Oceania, which enlarged our hydrographies! 

 knowledge of the Pacific Ocean. In 1819, Bellinghanscn 

 re- visited a part of Polynesia, and made additions to some of 

 the groups. About the same period, Freycinet discovered Rose 

 Island, and solved some interesting questions relating to those 

 distant seas. In 1823 and 1824, Captain Duperro made some 

 additional discoveries in Polynesia, and re-explored the Papuan 

 group and New Zealand. Captain Liitke, of the Imperial 

 Russian Marine, who navigated the seas of Oceania, discovered 

 Rome new islands in the Caroline group, and Olimaran, between 

 them and the Ladrone Islands. In 1831-32, Captain Laplace, 

 of the French sloop of war La Favorite, visited the coasts of 

 Arabia and other countries washed by the Indian Ocean and 

 China Sea; while about the same time Captain Du Petit-Thonars, 

 of the IVii >!., made surveys along the shores of Kamtchatka, Cali- 

 fornia, and Australia, The Russian Admiral, Krusenstern, also 



The student must not forget that the article is repeated before 

 every noun. 



