



.- called D, th third R, the fourth v, U*- fifth v. tli- 

 replicate or ocUivu c Utfaui. 

 a tone higher than a 

 of thueu in- < ' on "n 



\ noti- N>mrt)ii: ..m half 



a tone lower thin w>y out of thaae uoUw 



t Mud to !>< tli:it li. -t-' flt'tUmd, M " B fl^t." 

 \vdl-kiKiv. i truly 



i .MI i not bo altered or 



substituted for another without eaaain*; to 

 1 '< (<>r o) itharp M no longer DOB 

 (or ci. to call it, :md it 



; > have tended to 

 But no it is called, 



ra luiwt be content with this warning 

 agaiusi tiie dan" u-ity. The parti- 



cular pilot aesifiK'd to thw uot* c, and coiue- 

 >tos of its scale, u called 



"concert pitch." The modem* gVMcalljr fix 

 und of c as that which would be pro- 

 156 vibrations of a sonorous body. 

 'i meort pitch" baa been gra- 



dually ri-i,:: >Hjd thin standard within the last few 



years, BO that Handel's inu^ic (unless wo lower the key) ia snug 

 nearly a tone higher than he meant it to bo. 



Tho pitch of tJjc key-note may be given in the heading or 

 title of a tune, thua " key A,'' key a," " key B flat," etc. In 

 " pitching u tanr " -'t i- usual to take the wpper c 1 of ike 

 standard scale from the tuning-fork or the pitch-pipe to deeoead 

 to tho pitch-note re. ji'ir -d. and then give its sound to the syllable 

 DOH. Dun, thiw ii\< d, e.~Uibli:ilu'.i the relative position of all 

 tho other notes of a tune. Suppose the " pitch-note " required 

 i.-, t>. Then you would t:il.e <j l from tho tuning-fork, and run 

 down til yu" ", which you would "swell out" a little, 



and then sin-,' the tainc sound to DOH, taking the "chord" 

 afterward*. Thus : 



B 



0: 



E:D : 



DOH : 



DOH : ME 8OH : 



It' you tinu any difficulty iu singing your ABC bad 

 remember that after sounding the c 1 you have only to spell the 



'.;\G and FKU. To pitch B flat, siug the c 1 to tin? syllable 

 t>OH, aud striking KALI. vliieh will be B flat, call it DDK. The 



is used in pitching because the higher sounds are found 

 to be more distinctly and correctly appreciable by the ear. 

 Vmiiug-forks can now be obtained for a shilling or eightecn- 

 pence. The wholesale price is ten slullings a dozen. Wo men- 

 tion this to stimulate our friends to the purchase of the-e useful 



i -juts. With a small-sized one in his pocket tha good 



t is ready to take up a tune-book, and make out a tune 

 without the need of any other instrument. After a time he will 

 become, with a little practice to that end, quite independent 

 even of tho tuning-fork. He witt soon learn to recall the pitch 

 Hote c 1 at will. Those who am studying tho old notation will 

 like to see the standard scale represented on tho staff. It 



C 1 D A G F E HO 



But a man's voice, taking the c from th tuning fork, would 

 iug tho scale an octavo lower, thus t 



A, , 



l 



e, 



LT IX FRENCH. XVTTT. 



SECTION I. : FKOXU NOTATION (mch<U<). 



CENET.AL KDLLS I'OC PHOiJOUXCINO AND EF.ADINO 



FEEMCH. 



82. THE preceding portions of this section oc Frer.cii pronv i 

 have beat derated y to the illiistwi- 



Kranoh eoin- 

 binations of 



and Uqnid^ 







i* bM had reforcttctf to tqtomto words .,*{/. liut 



'oond of a French 

 ; from giv: 





 reading, or plmae in 



My hat was on tho table, Li pronounced as if printed f*y kc.l 



VHZ-ZHH tliu I 



I jumped upon the ground, is pronounced M if printed / 



Not at all, in pronounced an if printed not.t 



I assert a dogma, another denie* it, In pronotmoad cc if 

 printed I assert~ta dfjijuia, another denia-rit, eto. 



These and similar word-connections occur in almost war? 

 sentence and phraso in tin- Kt:gli-h language, where the con- 

 tinuity of -'iin.'J i-i not broken by punctuation marks, without 

 our l>cing Ht-nsiliU' of it. It u unavoidable. We are, and havu 

 been, so constantly used to it, that we rotice it only wheu 

 attention is called to it It will be observed that the foregohv; 

 word-connections in tho English language occur when a word 

 ending with a consonant is immediately followed by another 

 word commencing with a vowel. And the same exist* when, in 

 common conversation, the word following the one with a final 

 consonant begins with a silent h, ^ iz. : 



I wan out about an hour, is pronounced as if printed / 

 zout-tabout-tan-nour, etc. 



Word-connections in the French language also occur andor 

 circum-^tanccs exactly similar ; i.e., when a word ending 

 consonant immediately precedes another word commencing with 

 n, vowel or silent /'.. 



This feature, therefore, of the pronunciation of French, both 

 in ordinary reading and common conversation, will present no 

 great difficulty to the student. The following roles, thoroughly 

 understood and committed to memory, will place the student 

 beyond doubt and hesitation concerning these word-conaetiori*, 

 and other matters pertaining to the correct, intelligible we of 

 tho French language, both in reading and conversation. 



I. Pay no attention whatever to the apostrophe. 



II. Pronounce the pronoun elU like the Egluai f. 



III. The final letters ent of verbs, with which the prowMU 

 ils and dies do or can agree, are always aileat. 



IV. In reading poetry, ia, iV, tt f , to, ion, UT, and sometime* 

 ten, are pronounced as two syllables. 



V. The letters es final are pronounced like the letter- 

 tho English word day, except when t forms the plural of word* 

 ending in r , in which latter cap rs are not pronounced. 



VI. Prononnce rjcr, o% <PW, like < mnte or nnaeeonted. 



VTI. Pronounce ch and reft, pmirrully. Hke the letters k in 

 i*ie KnirfiKh word/*7i, except thp letters ek in the word yodtt. 



Vm. The letters *t final, in tho words Christ and a*Murut. 

 are 8owi04, but they n dlot in Jews Ctrist. 



IX. All fioal consonant* after r tan -lent, xeept in the 

 words Men* amd Mrs, a bear. 



X. In tho word ..il letters rs are only onud 1 



when preceding u word be^kuiin? with a voweL 



XI. Whenever a word ending with a consonant inuoediati-ir 

 nrecedee a word beginning wki a VMM! or silent k, MM annul 

 of tae final .nnina<arf of the fonawr word i earned to the tk-t 

 syllable of the latter, or to the ward ataatf, if it be a 

 hi) lc. jut at if the latter word commenced with 

 This is most Batfiimlarly th case if the two words are aatUM&aly 

 oonaeeted in eeasa. 



The abor rale owwii r* cristeM* aathJy to fiyfciay. ia aafc- 

 serve which almort werftiuag Ue w saorificcd in U > 

 language. Still the student must not observe it too r 



her in prose nor con vcrsatioa docs thi 

 role hold good in the following oaa*a> vi 



1 . When a c*fe sound would be ih* eansequenee. 



.' Whoncvar 'afr punctuation wark i> placod betwaa 

 i fvetion. 



*rrls *. i. ronjnnction 



