310 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



LESSONS IN GERMAN. XIX. 



SECTION XXXV. PECULIARITIES IN VEEBS, ETC. 

 (continued). 



FOR " any " and " some," as generally used before a notfn, the 

 German has no corresponding word, as : kabcn @k Jlkob? have 

 you some bread ? Jpa&en te (cite V have you awy silk ? 3d; 

 liabe S3urf;cr, I have sonio books. 



1. .The indefinite adjeeltive pronoun " some " is expressed in 

 German by wdefier, n>dd;c, wddjeS, as : aben @te SBaffcr ? 3d; fiabc 

 ojicbcs; I have "some." For the genitive of rodcfier which, 

 liovrever, is usually left out we employ the personal pronoun 

 jreoeded by "of," as: abcn @te mel SBaffcrV have you much 



water ? 3d; fiabc (beifcn) siel, I have much of it (literally, I have 

 of it much). $at>etl @te iet ute? have you many hats? 3d; 

 "vibe (bcren) side, I have many of them (I have of them many). 

 .?rom these examples it will be seen that the partitive word in 

 German is placed after the pronoun, while in English it is 

 placed before it. In this use it is declined like the relative nxlcficr. 



DECLENSION OP ircld;cr AS A PARTITIVE. 



Singular. Plural 



Masculine. Feminine. Neuter. of all genders. 



91. Iffici'cficr, trekbc, it>dd;c3, U'dcbc, who. 



2)effcn, term, brfien, tcren, whose. 



<D. 2Bdd;cm, rodcbcr, rcdcftcm, wdcfien, to whom. 



S 2l. 2Ddrf;en, icdcfyc, tocl.-ic?. rodchc, whom. 



2. cnug. like "enough," is indeclinable, and generally follows 

 its noun, or stands independently. Sncl and nxntg are frequently 

 used without declension. ( 53.) 



8. JDiiS. as also ttc8 (ticS being a contraction of the neuter ticfcS) 

 is frequently used in referring to nouns of both numbers and all 

 genders, as : 2Bcr tfl tag ? who is that ? S)ic3 tft mcin Sreunt, 

 This is my friend. S)a8 fmb Sranjcfen, those are Frenchmen. 2>a8 

 and ttc'3, however, never precede and qualify a noun, except of 

 the neuter gender. ( 134. 1.) 



4. (58, like its English equivalent, may refer to nouns of both 

 numbers and all genders, as : 8 tfl ntctn 5r-cunb, it is my friend. 

 When e3 refers to a noun in the plural, the verb must agree in 

 number with the noun, while in English it agrees with the pro- 

 noun, as : @8 ftnb tic Sfitffen, tic Ungnrit ubcrmunbcn fiabcn, it is 

 (German, fint) the Russians who have overpowered (conquered) 

 Hungary. ( 57. 8.) 



5. (5<S sometimes answers to our word " so " or " one," as : 

 (r tfl gcfunb. eber fcfictnt c3 511 few, bo is healthy, or appears so to 

 be. dr tft ettat, abcr id; bin cS nid;t, he is (a) soldier, but I am 

 not one. ($$ is likewise rendered by "there" (Sect. XXXVI. 

 3), as : (S'8 fhnb in alien 3citcn ctn cfilofl fo fi,ec& unb fi,efi,r (llfilant), 

 tJiere stood in ancient times a castle so high and lofty. 

 8 roar etn flentg in 6ulc (octfi,c), there was a king in Thule. 

 ( 57. 8.) 



6. 3 is often so used as to have no equivalent in English, 

 as : 8 reben unb trdumcn tie 2JJcnfd;cn tct wn bcffcrn funfttgcn agen 

 (cfiiflcr), men talk and dream much of better future days. 

 3d; trcifj e3, bail cr ta roar, I know (it) that he was there. @3 

 Icbcn tic SmficttSfatnpfcr, (long) live the champions of liberty. 3 

 kbe bie Jlcjni&itf, (long) live the republic. 



"i. physician. 

 f!, m. diligence. 



mfcit, /. em- 

 dition, learning, 

 lucf, n. luck, for- 

 tune, happiness. 



VOCABULARY. 



ram, m. grief, afflic- 

 tion, sorrow. 



fflug, prudent, judi- 

 cious. 



JTod;tn, /. cook. 



.Rummer, m. anxiety, 

 distress. 



short. 

 8RUc$, /. milk, 

 iftagd, m. nail. 

 Culver, n. powder. 

 @taf)l, 171. steel, 

 totj, m. pride. 



EESUME" OF EXAMPLES. 



Gr Ijat mtr Sleffcl unb SMrnen gc* He has given me (some) apples 



gc'ben. and pears. 



SBcKcn 2te 23rob obcr Jtud;cn !}a- Will you have (some) bread or 



ben ? (some) cake ? 



abcn <te feineS fd;it\Ujc8 3^ud;? Have you (some, any) fine 



black cloth ? 



$at er db genug', oter T;at cr Has he money enough, or has 



femes? he none? 



<?r fiat (tcffen) genug'. He has enough (of it). 



Oat fie S 3ud;er genug' ? Has she books enough ? 



@ie fyat (tcrcn) genug', a6er ju teeing She has enough of them, but 



3eit, ticfct'&cn ;u Icfen. too little time to read them. 



SBiffen @ie, n>cr ta ift * Do you know who that is ? 



3 ift mctn '-Barer, m.tnc '.''Itu'tar, It is my father, my mother, my 



metn J?tb. child. 



EXERCISE 66. 



1. 2Bte dt ifi btefcr SRann? 2v gr ift nid;t fc?r alt. 3. $at cr s{l 

 olb ? 4. 3a, unb cr tyat and; sick Sreunte unb vide iyetntc. 5. SfBcf3;cr 

 Stnabt I;at td (E. 2, above) ?lcpjiel unb JQirncn ? 6. (Slner von ten 

 u^ncn tcS Snucrn ^at oiel -2lepfd, ter anbcre cid SSirncn. 7. >er ciae 

 fiat ttid @iii(f, ber anterc fiat nur ram unb Jlummct. 8. SBie vid iBrcb 

 fiat bet Sarfer? 9. r fiat fefir ind 33rob, aljcr nur racnig SRefil. 10. 

 Siefcr 5Kann ^at teenig ctb, abcr loiel SSerftanb. 11. 35tcfe tiefcl 

 ftnb mtr ttid jn grcf, unb bie cfiufie ftnb mcinem S3nttc etn tt>emg ju 

 fnvj. 12. SBtrb 3!)r Dl;etm iel 55ulucr faufcn? 13. r teitb nur rocntg 

 faitfen, bcnn er ^at ju tuentg db. 14. 2Bcr ift bag? IS. 6 tft etn 

 alter Svamb tcS SlrjteS. 16. 2Bcr ^at gutcS 28affcr ? 17. 3?er SWatrofc 

 l)at wdd;c8. 18. SBerbc icfi mcrgcn bie Surficr bcfommcn ? 19. @tc fcllcn 

 fd;on I;cute mdcfic I;abcn. 20. at ter S3aucr vicl SBcijcn? 21. r fiat 

 tcffcn nid;t sict. 22. J&at ber Scfimict vtcl @tal;l ? 23. (5r ^at (bcffcn) 

 stct. 24. -Oat cr sicl 3t5gcl ? 25. r fiat (tcrcn) vid. 26. Sffier 1>U 

 ?JJt(d; ? 27. 3)er Waiter l;at mdcfie. 28. -at er (teren) fe^r id ? 29. 

 r fiat genug. 



EXERCISE 67. 



1. We must be cautious in the choice [sorftctytig in ter 3Baf;(] of 

 him to whom we confide important concerns [nncfitigc ?lngdegen 

 I)cttcn anccrtraucn]. 2. They that (who) speak evil [fibd] of others 

 are often worse [fd;limmcr] than those whose failings they lay 

 open [blofiftdlcn]. 3. He professed [bcfanntc] that religion whose 

 origin is divine [Urfprttng gottlid; tft]. 4. This boy has too much 

 pride and too little diligence. 5. That is the man through 

 whose help he was saved. 6. Which pleased you the most ? 

 This or that ? Neither. 7. Can those be loved whoso vices are 

 detested by everybody [Sctcrmann] ? 8. How many hats has 

 that boy ? 9. He has three of them. 10. Who sells here good 

 bread ? 11. Our baker sells very good bread. 



SECTION XXXVI. IMPEESONAL VEEBS. 

 Impersonal verbs are confined to the third person singular, 

 and have as their subject or nominative only the pronoun e, 

 as : (?S rcgnct, it rains. <&S bonncrt, it thunders. G'8 blt(3t, it 

 lightens. ( 81. 1.) 



1. Besides those verbs that are merely impersonal, others may 

 bo thus employed, as : 8 fcfietnt, bap cr (tan! tft, it appears that he 

 is sick. 3 frfimcrjt mid;, fcaS ju I;evcn, it pains me to hear that, etc. 



2. Many verbs, however, that in German are used imperson- 

 ally have, in this respect, no verbs of the same kind in English to 

 correspond, as : -Ss gdtngt mtr, I succeed (it succeeds to me), 

 etc. 



3. cbett, "to give," is often, with its proper case (the accusa- 

 tive), employed to denote existence in a manner general and in- 

 definite, and is translated like fein, " to be," as : @3 gtcbt (not e3 

 ftnt) Scute, tie a((e Sage auf ten SJJarft gekn, there are (i.e., there 

 exist) people who go to the market every day. @3 ftnb fycute (not 

 c3 gtcbt) side Scute auf tent DJiar!tc, there are many people to-day at 

 the market. 8 gtebt fctnc Sfcfcn cfinc 3)ornen, there are (there 

 exist) no roses without thorns. @3 ftnb (not eS gtcbt) side Winter in 

 ttcfcr <2cfi,u(e, there are many children in this school. ($ giebt 

 (there exist) nod; JKiefcn in ter SBclt, tkere are still giants in the 

 world. 



VOCAHULART. 



Jlrmce', /. army. (5td, noble, magna- 

 Slttfgang, m. rising, nimous. 



ascent. StS, n. ice. 



S3iS, until, tip to. G'rfla'rcn, to explain. 



SSlt^en, to lighten. tfcintltcfi, hostile. 



33rcd;en, to break. 5itvd;tcn, to fear. 



ing, n. thing, af- @eorg', m. George. 



fair. -Oagdn, to hail. 



Scnncrn, to thunder. Setefit, easy, easily. 



I SJJcipenb, ravenous. 



SRudfjug, m. return. 

 <2d;ncicn, to snow, 

 airmen, to storm. 

 Jtagcn, to dawn, be- 

 come day. 

 S'fyaucn, to thaw. 

 iScrge'bcn, to forgive. 

 SSafir, true. 

 iSolf, m. wolf. 

 3uflud;t, /. refuge. 



EESUME OF EXAMPLES. 



8 hnrb immcr Scute gcben, btc ftcb There will always be people 

 gegen tic ficflftcn aBafirfeeiten who exalt themselves against 

 cmpa'rcn, icie ctele gicbt c3 tcrcn the clearest truths ; how 

 fiettt ju Sage nicfct ! many of those are there (not) 



at the present day ! 



