

315 



I.K.SSONS IN FRENCH, -: 



SECTION XXXII. -UNII'KRSONAL 



1. BT iMiii>T*iiii:il v.i' meant thoM rerbfl which aro 



used onl> in tin thirl p.-r "ii Hingular. Having, properly peak- 



. aro sometimes callud impersonal ; 



:i Hinjnilar, unod in Kniflixh, w neuter, and in 

 tlniutfli if ho ii i-.l, it in understood and translated an 



by tho word it. Thono verbs express chiefly an abstract 

 opinion !>r smtinn-nt ; most frequently they donoto tho ntato or 



!n r ; and they generally prooodo or announce 

 the oocnrronco of an ovont, as, it hapi* 



2. Tho unipersonal verb is conjugated only in tho third person 

 angular of a tense. Its nominative pronoun il, it, is umxl abso 

 ^^Ei.e., it represents no noun previously expressed. 

 II plout aujourd'hui, It rain* to-day. 



': imipersonal verb assumes tho termination of the class 



or conjugation to which it belongs. Some verbs are always 



rial, :n:il will bb found in 68. Others are only ooca- 



Hionally HO, ami if irregular, will bo found in tho personal form 



-:vmo 62. 



4. PRESENT OF THE INDICATIVE OF THE UNIPEBSONAL 



:BS. 



5, II y a means there is, or there are, and may bo followed by 

 a singular or plural noun [ 61 (2)]. 



H y a du gibior nu march< : , There it game in the market. 



II y a dos pommes dans votre There are apples in your garden. 

 jarilin, 



6. In relation to the weather, the verb fairo is used nniper- 

 Boucflly in tho same manner as tho English verb to be. 



H fait beau temps aujourd'hui, 

 H fait chaud, il fait froid, 



Pleut-il co matin ? 

 II ne pleut pas, il ncige. 

 II va pleuvoir ce matin. 

 Ne gelo-t-il pas ce matin? 



It is fine weather to-day. 

 It is icarm, il is cold. 



OF EXAMPLES. 



Docs it rani <7u's morning 

 Jt docs not rain, it snoirs. 

 It is going to rain this morniny. 

 Docs it not freeze this morning f 

 II no gele pas, il fait du brouillard. It docs not freeze, it is foggy. 



:1 du sucre chez vous ? Jt there ar.-j sv.ijar at your house f 



II y en a beaucoup chez nion frire. There is a gr^at deal at my brother's. 

 a-t-il plusieurs persounes chez Are there several persons at my 



inoi ? 

 II y a plus de cent personncs. 



house? 

 There arc more tlian ene hundred 



persons. 



N'y a-t-il personne a lY-glise? Is tJier nobody at church f 



II n'y a encoro personne. Thero is as yet no one there. 



Est-il trop tot ? Is it too soon ? 



Au contrairo, il est trop tard. On the contrary, it it too late. 



Fait-il froid ou chaud aujourd'hui? Js if cold or tcarni to-day.' 

 II fait chaud et humido. Jt is irurm and damp. 



Fait-il-du vent ou du brouillard ? Is it windy or Joggij ! 

 II fait un temps bien desagrc!able. It w ivvy disagreeable weather. 



VOCABULABY. 



Manuscrit, m., manu- 

 script. 



Souvent, often. 



Veau, in., g 

 I Vent, m., tcind. 

 1 Volaille, f., poultry. 



EXERCISE 59. 



1. Qucl temps fait-il aujourd'hui ? 2. II fait un temps 

 fiuporbo. 3. Fait-il tres-bcau tomp.-j aujourd'hui ? 4. II fait 

 un temps convert et humido. 5. Plout-U beaucoup co matin ? 

 C. II no pleut pas encore, nmis il va pleuvoir. 7. Fait-il du 

 vent ou du brouillard ? 8. II no fait pas do vent. 9. Lo 

 brouillard oat tros-epois. 10. Combien do personnes y a-t-il ii 

 I'assemblee ? 11. II y a plus do deux cents (Sect. XIX. 7) per- 

 Bonnes. 12. N'y a-t-il poa beaucoup do manuscrits dans votro 

 l>ibliotheque ? 13. II n'y en a pas beaucoup, il n'y en a quo 



cinqa*nt*ehiq. 14. t'n poor TOO* duu oette 



chambr< n'y fait ni . ni trop ohaad. 16. Y 



a-t-il beaaoou; .^n votre wnirie ? 17. 11 y en >mi 



i:oter.vofw k 1 maUon qnand il pleat ? 

 pleat jo route a la maiwn, mail quand il fait t>t>au 

 temp* je you chez mon ooo>- . *-UU de 1* viande MI 



man; hi) ? 21. II y en a beaacoap, il y aawi da gibiar. 

 y A du veau, lu U ToUille. 23. N'y a-t-fl PM 



aaMi don It-guino* et de fruit n'y en a pu. - 



en a auuL 



EXKKCIBE 60. 



1. Are you cold this morning ? 2. I am not cold, it w warm tbU 

 morning. 3. Ix it foggy or windy ? 4. It i* neither foggy nor 

 windy, it rains in torrent* (d verte). 5. IM it going to rain or 

 to show P 6. It i* going to freeze, it i* very cold. 7 

 windy and foggy. 8. Is there anybody at yonr brother'! to-day ? 

 9. My brother is at homo, and my sister U at church. 10. I* 

 there any meat in the market ? 11. There in meat and poultry. 

 12. Is it too worm or too cold for yonr sister in this roor 

 It is not so worm in this room as in your brother's library. 14. 

 re good English booka in your sister's library ? 15. There 

 ore some good ones. 16. Aro there peaches and plums in your 

 garden? 17. There are many. 18. Do you remain at your 

 brother's when it snows? 19. When it snow* we remain at 

 home. 20. Aro there It-lies at yonr mother's ? 21. Yonr two 

 sisters aro there to-day. 22. Have you time to go and fetch 

 them P 23. I have no time this morning. 24. Is yonr hone in 

 tho stable? 25. It it not there, it is at my brother's. 26. Doe* 

 it hail thin inoniiii^ '? 27. It does not hail, it freezes. 28. 

 What weather i'i it this morning? 29. It is very fine weather. 

 30. Is it too warm? 31. It is neither too worm nor too cold. 

 32. Is it going to freeeo ? 33. It is going to snow. 34. Does 

 it snow every day ? 35. It does not enow every day, but it 

 snows very often. 



SECTION XXXIII. PLACE OF THE ADVERB [ 138]. 



1 . In simple tenses, tho adverb generally follows the verb, and 

 is placed as near it as possible. 



Votre commis tfcrit tres-bien, 

 Cetto demoiselle lit tres-inal, 



Four clerk \rritet very tr0. 

 That young lady read* wry badly. 



2. When a verb is in tho infinitive, the two negatives ne and 

 pas, ne and rien, should bo placed before it. 



Xo pas parlor, no pas lire, Xo( to speal:, not to read. 



3. Tho adverb assez, enough, tolerably, precedes generally the 

 other adverbs. It precedes also adjectives and noons. 



Vous <5crivez assez correctemcnt, 

 Vous avez assez do livros, 

 Get enfant est assez atteutif, 



You icrite prrtfy eomctty. 

 You have boofc* enough. 

 That child it attention enough. 



4. Yoici means here is ; voila, there is. 



Toici lo livre quo vous aimez, Hera is the book \chic\ you life*. 



Voila lo monsieur dont vous There it the gentleman of whom yo 

 parlez, tpcak. 



5. Dans is used for in or into, when the noun which follows it 

 is preceded by an article, or by a possessive., demonstrative, or 

 numeral adjective [ 142 (2)]. 



Lo crayon est dans lo pupitre, The pencil it in the dttk. 



Mcttcz cotte lottre dans votre Put this letter into your trunk. 



malle, 



6. En, after tho verbs to be, to go, to reside, followed by the 

 namo of a part of tho earth, a country, or province, gives the 

 preposition to the force of in or into. 



Notro ami est en France, 

 Vous allez en Italic, 



Our/nVnd it in Franc*. 

 J'o u go to Italy. 



7. The preposition i\ is used for tho words at or /o, in or tUo, 

 before tho name of a town, city, or village, preceded by tho 

 verbs mentioned above. 



II va & PorU le inois proclmiu, JJ it gvinj ti Par j n*rt wont*. 



8. The same preposition is used in tho expressions a la cam* 

 pagno, a la ville, a la chasso, a la pvche, etc. 



Nous aliens i la campojrne, W* 90 into the country. 



Vous n'aJlez pas a la rillo, 1'ou do not go to tk city. 



Je vais a la chasso ot a la p^che, J go hunting anJL fishing. 



