LESSONS IN FRENCH. 



371 



iiCi8 77. 



us avcE-vous apport,'- noH habits? 2. Nous no IM avons 

 ::. Lea avoz-voua oublk-n P 4. None no 



lea avons piu -us noun n'avons pan eu lo temp* do leu 



; iuui n'avez-vons paa appelo 1 lea mawihanda P 



^ ai appelea, main ila no ui'ont pas entondu. 7. Avez- 



muuique P 8. Jo 1'ai enttraduo. 9. N'avez- 



.n TU let jolios flours qui j'ai apporfc'os P 10. Jo lac ai 



i 'i'ii lea avez-vous donnees? 11. Je no lea ai donnees a 



persouno, je loa ai gordeoa pour VOHH. 12. AVOZ-TOUH bion 



examhu- ,,-; gruvuri'.s 'i \\\. Jo los ai bien examinees. I 



? 15. Jono loa ai point ach t- '. <. \>',. N'avez- 

 VOUH point rcx;u vos revonua ? 17. Jo no IOB ai point encore 

 .!!(-:!> [in- iv-t-ello oaaae oea tassea? 19. Kilo 

 lea a cossivs. i>0. A-t-ollo cause dos taaaoa exprea ? 21. Ello 



n'en a paa oasae c.\ .'. Avez-vous achete dea livroa relics 



ou bnx h. s. L'.!. J'oi aoheto" dos livroa relies. 24. Nous avoz- 

 . s ? 25. Nous voua lea avona ditos, maia voaa 

 lea avez oublii'itj. -o. Jo u'ai pas oublie votre commission. 



EXERCISE 78. 

 1. Have yon seen my cnpa? 2. I have not yot seen them. 



B you brought mo my books? 4. I havo not forgotten 



1 havo left them at my brother's. 5. Has your "mother 

 callr-l your siatera? 6. She has not yet called them. 7. ila- 



. ;mt told yon this news ? 8. She has told me this news. 

 9. She haa told it me. 10. Have you forgotten my errand ? 

 11. \Vi- ii.:vi not forgotten it, we havo forgotten your money. 

 r_'. Where have you left your purse? 13. Wo loft it at tho 

 14. Havo you bought tho beautiful engravings 

 which 1 saw at your bookseller's ? 15. I have not seen them. 

 16. Haa your mother bought them ? 17. She has bought books, 

 but she has bought no engravings. 18. Has that little girl 

 broken my cups ? 19. She has broken thorn on purpose. 20. 

 Does that lady receive her income every month? 21. She 

 receives it every six months. 22. Is the house which you have 

 bought largo ? 23. I have bought no house. 24. Did you 



a letter from your father yesterday ? 25. I received a 

 letter from him four days ago. 26. Have you spoken to those 

 J7. 1 have spoken to them. 28. Have you given them 

 flowers ? 29. I have given them some (en}. 30. Are the books 

 which you have bought bound? 31. No, Sir, they are in 

 paper covers. 32. Have yon examined that house ? 33. I 

 have not examined it. 34. Your brother (i) has examined 

 several (piw.^ 



SECTION XLIL USE OF THE AUXILIARIES [ 48]. 



1. The active verb [ 43 (2) (3)], that is, the verb which has 

 or may have a direct regimen or object, always takes avoir as 

 its auxiliary [ 46 (1)]. 



Nous avons c!crit a notre banqvuer, We have written to our banlrar. 



2. Almost all neuter verbs, i.e., verbs which cannot have a 

 direct object, take tho auxiliary avoir, when they express action. 

 Nous avons couru, marchd, parlo, We have run, icalfced, spoken. 



3. The compound tenses of a few neuter verbs, expressing 

 action, are, however, conjugated with tre: Aller, to go; arrive r, 

 to arrive; choir, tomber, to fall; decoder, mourir, to die; naitre, 

 to be born; venir, to come; parvenir, to succeed; devenir, to 

 become ; re venir, to return. 



A quelle heure etos-vous venu ? At what hour did you come ? 

 Je suis no en France, I was born in fY> 



Look carefully at the last example, and mark that, when the 



person spoken of i :>> French use the present and not 



the past of the auxiliary with tho past participle of naitre, to be 



born : Cette dame est nee en Angleterre, that lady (is) was born 



land. Mon Irore est ne en France, my brother (is) was 



lit, France. 



4. A few neuter verbs [ 46 (3)] take avoir, when they express 

 action, and etre, when they express situation. 



Votre frcre a-t-il sorti uujourd'Lui ? Hat your brother gon* out this 



morning t 

 Votro froro est-il sorti ? J your brother gone out T 



5. The past indefinite of tho verb etre [4, ir.] (J'ai ete, etc.) is 

 used instead of the preterite indefinite of aller (Je suia alle), 

 when speaking of a place where one has been. 



lie mddecin-H ^W a Paris, Th phytician has been at Fan*. 



J'ai etc a IV^liso ce matin, I went to church thit morning. 



Wt did not yo. 



WkitlitT did that yfl buiy 90 f 



Bkt wmi to kr MOMT'* mmd t > 



6. When, however, we are atill in a given plaoe, or <m tto 

 road towards it, the expreaaion je auia alU, etc., ia uaed. 



Le mMeeia eat alU a Loaulraa, Tk p**aMee> i go** to London. 



VotieacBurestaJUe a realise, .i*ttr u M to dkawca. 



RKMUMK or EXAMPLES. 



Aves-vonstti an balkier an aoirP IM ym y> to * toC U*t tttm^gt 

 Noua n'jr avooa paa W. 



*>-i r'tl-- -ii-tii' tin-'ll-- ;i L--!l<- t 



Ello a U ohes eon frit, a* ebaa 



noua. 

 Ou votre acaor eat-bll alUe ea 



matin t 



Elle eat olMo trouver aa oouaine. 

 N'aret-Toua paa aortt fcujourJ'bui P 

 Je n'ai paa encore aorti. 

 Ou eat Mooaieur le grfnlral P 

 Je ne aaia paa, Monaieur; act 



aorti. 



Oil ce If onaieur eat-fl n<! P 

 11 eat ill & Paria on a Ljron. 

 Votre niece a-t-elle ttA voir aoa 



frere? 

 Ello a eW le voir bier. 



Wktrt u your utor fOM U 



She it gone to her emtri *Y. 

 DM yo not nt to^y/ 



iv , ... , . 



/ do not fcnoir, Kr; fe i *MM . 



ITJi*r vaj (hot afl<aiaa tor*/ 

 H< IM tom Port* or Lyorn*. 

 DU your utow f to Mt aw aroiatr r 



Ello eat allee le voir hfer. 



She vxni to tee Ua >iaf>nta> (aa4 



tf bock). 

 She Mt to M* Mm yarfariay (ea4 



EXERCISE 79. 



1. A qnelle henro votre scour eet-elle venne ? 2. EDe eat 

 venue a huit heures moins un quart. 3. Cea demoiselles sont- 

 elles nees a Rouen ou a Caen ? 4. Elles ne sent neee ni a 

 Rouen ni a Caen, elles sont nees a Strasbourg. 5. L'horloger 

 est-il chez lui ? 6. Non, Monsieur, il eat alle a son magaaiB. 

 7. A-t-il ete a Paris cette annee ? 8. Ooi, Madame, il y eie. 



9. Y a-t-il achete des marchantu'ses P 10. II y a acbete de la 

 bijouterie. 11. Avez-vous ete treuver mon pere ? 12. J'ai t 

 le trouver. 13. Votre chapelier a-t-il sorti aujourd'hni ? 14. 

 II n'a pas sorti, il est malade. 15. Le macon est-il a hi maisonr 

 16. Non, Madame, il est sorti. 17. Quond eet-il aorti ? 18. II 

 est sorti il y a une heure. 19. Votre chapelier eet-il arrive 

 aujourd'hni ou hier ? 20. U est arrive bier a quatre heorea da 

 matin. 21. Notre tailleur a-t-il ete voir son pere aujourd'hni ? 



22. II est parti pour Lyon. 23. L'orfevre de mon cousin n'eat- 

 il pas parti pour 1'fispogne ? 24. Non, Moniuenr, il eat itouiu 

 en Allcmagne. 25. Ma scaur a etc a 1'egUse ce matin, et elle 

 est allee a 1'ecolo il y a uno demi-henre. 



EXERCISB 80. 



1. Is the physician at home? 2. No, Sir, he is not at home; 

 he is out. 3. Have you been out this morning ? 4. No, Sir, I 

 have not been out; I am sick. 5. Is your sister's little girl 

 out ? 6. Yes, Sir, ahe is out ; she is at my brother's. 7. At 

 what hour did the hatter arrive ? 8. Ho arrived last evening 

 at nine. 9. Did the jeweller go -to Paria or Lyons this yeax? 



10. He went to Paris six months ago, bnt he is back (de reiowr). 



11. Did you go to my brother or to my sister ? 12. I have not 

 had time to go to them. 13. Where waa that gentleman born ? 

 14. He was born in England in Exeter or in Portsmouth. 



.-> not your sister born in Paria ? 16. No, Sir, ahe was 

 born in Madrid, in Spain. 17. Did you tell me that your 



haa bought a good house ? 18. He has bought a very 

 good house in London. 19. Do yon know at what time the 

 watchmaker arrived ? 20. He arrived this morning at a quarter 

 before five. 21. Has he brought much jewellery P 22. He haa 

 not brought much jewellery, bnt he has brought many watches. 



23. Has he been in France or in Germany ? 24. He haa been 

 in France, in Germany, and in Switzerland. 25. Is your sister 



> mauon), Sir ? 26. No. Sir, she is out ; she i* gone to 

 church. 27. Did she go to school yesterday P 28. She went 

 to school and to church. 29. Is she there now ? 30. N 

 ahe ia bock. 31. Is the hatter arrived ? 32. Yes, Sir, he is 



