402 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



The apple tribe (sub-order Pomece) is thus seen to be nearly 

 allied to the roses proper ; the almond tribe (sub-order Amygda- 

 lece), containing almonds, peaches, apricots, nectarines, plums, 

 etc., is still more nearly allied, however little one might antici- 

 pate such resemblance from a casual examination of the fruit. 

 The reader will remember that in the sub-order Pomece, the 

 ovary, or lower portion of the united carpels, is inferior ; that is 

 to say, the calyx grows around it, adheres to it, and appears 

 above it. In the rose proper no such adherence takes place ; 

 hence the ovary may be said to be superior ; in Amygdalece, or 

 the sub-order of Rosacece, containing almonds, plums, nectarines, 

 etc., the ovary is also superior ; hence the truth of our remark, 

 that this sub-order was more nearly allied to roses proper than 

 is the sub-order Pomece. If the flowers of paaohes, plums, 

 nectarines, etc., be examined, they will be found to be made up 

 of a corolla of five petals, a calyx of five sepals, and numerous 

 stamens arising from the sides of the calyx ; these are all 

 characteristics of the rose tribe. Instead, however, of many 

 carpels, like the roses proper, the members of the almond tribe 

 have each only one, which ripens into the sort of fruit termed 

 by botanical writers a drupe, a term which has been fully ex- 

 plained. For another specimen of the rose tribe we refer the 

 reader to Fig. 131. 



Let us now examine the chemical and physiological character- 

 istics of the Rosacece. The sub-order Rosece, containing the roses 

 proper, does not include one noxious plant. On the contrary, 

 the strawberry yields us a delightful article of food, and the 

 fruit of some species of rose is made into conserves. The leaves 

 of this sub-order are usually astringent, and so in like manner 

 are the petals ; those of the garden roses are frequently used by 

 medical men for the preparation of astringent draughts. Need 

 we call attention to the fragrance of roses ? That fragrance 

 depends on the presence of a volatile oil, which admits of being 

 extracted from the flower petals. It constitutes the otto or 

 attar of roses. 



The sub-order Pomece is also harmless, if we except the seeds 

 and flowers of certain species which contain a minute amount 

 of prussic acid; not sufficient, however, to be injurious. The 

 fleshy part of pomaceous fruits is frequently an agreeable article 

 of food, containing much sugar in the sweet varieties, and various 

 acids, of which the malic is the principal. In the sub-order 

 Amygdalece (Figs. 132 and 133), the amount of prussic acid, 

 which becomes accumulated for the most part in the leaves, 

 petals, and seeds, is often very great ; nevertheless, the poisonous 

 principle rarely extends to the fleshy pericarp or edible portion 

 of the fruit. The seeds of the bitter almond, and the leaves of 

 the common cherry laurel, furnish examples of a great accu- 

 mulation of prussic acid in certain memberfe of this beautiful 

 sub-order, which is also further distinguished from Rosece and 

 Pomece by yielding gum, which the two latter never do. 



Other plants belonging to the order Rosacece are represented 

 by Figs. 134 and 135. 



LESSONS IN GERMAN. XXIII. 



SECTION XLIII. IDIOMATIC PHRASES. 



1. ern, gladly, freely, fain, etc. (comparative ttcber, rather; see 

 106. 1), with an appropriate verb, forms the equivalent of our 

 phrase, " to be fond of, to like," etc., as : Sr tttnft gcrit 2Betn, 

 he is fond of (drinking) wine. Sr raucf;t gern, he is fond of 

 smoking; or, he likes to smoke. @r tragt gern fd;ime .Rtctter, he 

 likes (to wear) fine clothes. 3d; mod;te* gern nnffen, ob mein Sveunb 

 nod; left, I would fain know whether my friend is still Hving. 

 3d; modjte Uebcr gefien, ate bleiben, I would ratlier go than stay. 

 With baben it may often be rendered by " dear," as : 3d; Ijabe 

 jnetne Sretmbe gern, I hold (have) my friends " dear." 



2. SRotlnq !)aben signifies "to need, to have need of," as: aben 

 te btcfeg 3? ud; ni'tfytg? do you need (have you need of) this book ? 

 @r fiat e(fc noting, he needs money ; or, has need of money. 



3. 3m tanbe fetn signifies "to be able;" literally, "to be in 

 the position or situation," as : tub te im tanbe, ju fd;mben ? 

 are you able to write ? In this construction the verb dependent 

 upon im tanbe fetn is often omitted, and the pronoun eg is intro- 

 duced (Sect. XXXV. 6), as : 3d; bin c3 ntd;t im tante, I am not 

 able. 



* For conjugation of burfen, fcnnen, mogen, etc., in the subjunctive, 

 see 83 (2). See also remarks connected with these conjugations. 



4. Several words, as bod;, ja, fd;on, teUeicl;t, luoW, and jn>ar, etc., 

 are often used with a signification different from their primary 

 one, or where no corresponding one is employed in English, 

 as : Sinb ic uietlcidjt frauf ? are you (perhaps) sick ? JlBcvbcit 

 tc \w()l morgcit abreifcn ? is it true, shall you depart to-morrow ? 

 S'c nnvfc iiuS fdjon ftnten, he will already (doubtless) find us. SBcim 

 cr franf ift, fo fann er nidjt fommen, if he is sick, (then) he cannot 

 come. Sr Itefi ntcfyt, imb jw>ar, melt cr fctn JSurf; fyat, he does not 

 read, (and indeed) because he has no book, efycu ie ja ntd;t, do 

 not go by any means. ($$ buvftc (see note) u>ob,t fo fommen, it 

 might indeed so happen (come). 2Bo((en Sic fcfjcit gcfycn? are you 

 going already ? Samoftf, yes (certainly) ; or, yes, indeed. 3d; 

 glaubte, cr fonnte un3 fcijon lictttc befitctjen, I thought he could (already) 

 visit us to-day. (J'r glaubte, er fonnte fid; mofyl jc|jt an Unit vacbcn, he 

 thought he could now (indeed) avenge himself upon him. 



5. The causative adverbs, bcjHnub or bcjjn)cgen (therefore), babtird; 

 (thereby), etc., are frequently introduced into a leading sentence, 

 where the corresponding English word is omitted, as : (r ift 

 bepbalb un^ttfrieben, njetl fetn grcunb ntdit bier ift, he is (therefore) dis- 

 contented because his friend is not here. 



6. dnilbtg with fetn signifies ' to be indebted, to owe ; " the 

 word denoting the amount being put in the accusative ( 132. 3), 

 as : @r ift nttr nnr eincn ulbcn fdnilrig, he owes me but one florin. 

 i'crbanfen also signifies "to owe," but only in the sense of "to 

 be obliged for, to ascribe to," as : 3d) scrtnnfe mctne cnefung ber 

 reinen Sitft ber cfc.nxij, I owe my recovery to the pure air of Swit- 

 zerland. 



VOCABULARY. 



EESUME OF EXAMPLES. 



GT fommt ntdjt, unb $n>ar, ivcit er He does not come (and indeed) 



fvanf ift. because he is sick. 



OJJein Onfct fifdit imb mciit 3Jcffc My iiiicle is fond of fishing, and 



jagt gevn. my nephew of hunting. 



3d) tnod;te gern U'iffen, luie iel Itbr I would like to know what 



eg ift. o'clock it is. 



gretfyeit, eredj'ttgfeit, unb 2Bab,t Liberty, righteousness, and 



Ijett foUten atte 3)knfd;en gent 



fyaben. 



2Btetel' bin id; 3!)nen fdmlbt.j ? 

 (r wrbanft' fetn Scben ber Sd)itct' 



tigfett fcincS SUferbeS. 



truth all men should love. 



SScrfefc'te mef;r gcfun'ben. 

 2Bobl beff're fflJanner tt)un' kern 

 ZM ntdjt nad;. (dnUer.) 



How much do I owe you ? 



He owes his life to the fieetness 



of his horse. 



ijl Diiemanb im tanbe, bie There is no one able to prede- 

 35auet fetne SebenS ovau jit termine the duration of his 

 befhm'inen. life. 



SBob, ( Idpt ber 5pfett ftdfj au3 bcm The arrow may indeed be drawn 

 cqen $te6,en, bod; nte tuivb ber out of the heart, yet the in- 



jured (one) will never recover. 

 Better men do it not after the 

 manner of Tell (as Tell did) 

 (Schiller.) 



6 tear etn gutcS 3abt, ber SSaucr It has been a good year ; the 

 fann fd;on nnebct geben. (d;t(= peasant can even (now) give 

 let.) again. (Schiller.) 



EXERCISE 82. 



1. enctt @tc metnen d;wager gern? 2. 3a, id; fefic t^n gern. 3. 

 S)er Ob,etm modite- gern Sure 3ctd>inuujen feften. 4. 3d; b,abe gent greunre 

 in metnev 91%. 5. 3n mcincr Sugcnk fiubivtc tcf; febr gern, abcv nun 

 tljue id; ti ungern. 6. (Sr fprid;,t gern van fetncn JRcifcn unb feincn thfa^ 

 rttngen. 7. 2Benn ic bie 33urf;cr notf)ig ^abcn, fo kibe id; 3b,nen btcfelbcn 

 v>on ^erjen gern. 8. (Jr trcnnt fid; nngern wn fetner Samitte. 9. 3d; 

 Ijabe gern ctn njarme* Simmer. 10. .Konnt tftr un* ftd;er fiber ctcfeii 

 trom fa^ren? 11. Stein, nnr finb cl iti*t im tanbc, bcnn btefer 



