GREAT BOOKS. 



11 



SECTION LX.-THE TWO FUTUKES, SIM1M.K AND AN- 

 TERIOB ( 120). 



1. The future of every verb in the French language enda 

 .vith ai, OH, a, ons, ez, out. 



2. This tense, in all the regular verbs, as also in the irregular 

 verbs not mentioned in the next lesson, is formed from the 

 present of tin- infinitive by adding to it the endings of the 



indicative of the verb avoir (K. 1, above), without any 

 change in the first or in the second conjugation, but after 

 suppressing oi in the third, and e in the fourth, as will be seen 

 below : 



8. CONJUGATION OF THE FUTURE SIMPLE OF THE REGULAR 

 VERBS. 



Jo chanter -ai 



shall or trill sing 

 Tu purler -as 



(halt or wilt speak 

 II donner -a 



will or ihaU give 

 Nous ehereher -ons 



shall or unil seek 

 Vous porter -ez 



shall or will CITI/ 

 Us aiuier -ont 



thaM or trill love 



flair 



cht'-rir 



c/ierish 



fournir 



furnish 



punir 



punish 



saisir 



seize 



unir 



unite 



4. The future anterior is merely the past participle of the 

 leading verb, conjugated with the future of one of the auxili- 

 aries, avoir, etre : 



J'aurai fini ; je me serai flattt 5 . 



I shall have done ; 

 flattered myself. 



I shall have 



5. The student, when rendering English into French, should 

 be careful to distinguish will, taken as an auxiliary, from the 

 same word employed as a leading verb. In this latter case it 

 is always equivalent to the verb to wish, or to be willing, and 

 should not be rendered by the future of the verb, but by the 

 present of vouloir : 



Ne voulez-vous pas lui dcrire ? 



Witt yon not (are you not willing to) 

 write to him 1 



KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN FRENCH. 



** For the use of those who are studying our Lessons in 

 French, we now give the first portion of a Key to the exercises 

 contained in those lessons. We have deferred its commence- 

 ment until the present time designedly, that we might not 

 subject our readers to the temptation of consulting the Key 

 until after they had written the Exercises to which it relates, 

 and made such progress as will enable them to detect and 

 amend any errors they may have made when beginning our 

 course of lessons. The only way to acquire a thorough know- 

 ledge of a living language is to practise one's self in the use 

 of it ; and the best exercises will be of no service unless they 

 are written without any other assistance than is supplied by 

 general grammatical information. When, however, the self- 

 teacher has thoroughly studied both lessons and exercises, it 

 is useful for him to be able to turn to a key, such as we are 

 now going to give him, for the purpose of comparison and the 

 final correction of any mistakes he may not be able to perceive 

 himself. 



It may be objected that we have given a Key to the exercises 

 in each Lesson in Latin in the lesson that immediately follows 

 it. It must, however, be remembered that Latin is a highly 

 inflected language, and one which the learner will never attempt 

 to speak ; while the grammatical construction of the French 

 language is less complicated ; and that it should be the chief 

 object of the learner to speak French ; and, for this purpose, 

 to drill himself thoroughly in the rules of which each lesson 

 is composed. To induce him to rely as much as possible on 

 his own resources, we have, therefore, deferred commencing 

 a Key to the Exercises in Lessons in French until the present 

 time. 



EXERCISE 1 (Vol. L, page 3). 



1. Who has the bread? 2. The baker has the bread. 3. Has he 

 the flour ? 4. Yes, Sir, he has the flonr. 5. Have we the meat P 6. 

 Yes, Sir. you have the meat and the bread. 7. The miller boa the 

 flour. 8. The baker has the flour and the wheat. 9. Have we the 

 book and the pen ? 10. Yes, Miss, you have the book and the pen. 



11. The batcher bM th meat. 12. The miller Liu the meat, and I 

 have the coffee. 13. Have you the water and the salt? 14. Tea, 

 Sir; we have the water, the alt, and (he oats. 15. Have we the 

 tea t 16. No, Sir ; the girl ha* the tee, the vinegar, and the ealt. 

 17. Have I the wine P 18. No, Madam, you have only the vinegar and 

 the meat. 19. Have yon the table P 20. Tee. Madam. I have the 

 table. 



EXERCISE 2 (Vol. I., page 3). 



1. Avez-vous le bM t 2. Oui, Monaieur, j'ai le bM. 3. Qni a la 

 viaude ? 4. Le bouchcr a la viande et le sel. 5. A-t-il 1'avoiite ? 6. 

 Non, Madame, le choral a 1'avoiae. 7. Avons-noos le bM P 8. Tow 

 avez le bM et la farine. 9. Qui a le seL 10. J'ai le Ml et la viande. 

 11. Avous-noua le vinaigre, le thtf, ct le catt ? 12. Non, Monsieur, le 

 frere a le vinaigre. 13. Qui a le eheval P 14. Le boulanger a le 

 cheval. 15. A vons-notm le livre et la plume P 16. Non, Made- 

 moiselle, la fillea la plume, et le meunier a le h'vre. 17. Avex-voos la 

 table, Monaierp 18. Non, Monaieur, j'ai settlement le livre. 19. 

 Qui a la table P 20. Nous avong la table, la plume, et le livre. 



EXERCISE 3 (Vol. L, page 3). 



1. Have you the gold watch? 2. Yea, Madam, I have the gold 

 watch and the silk hat. 3. Sir, have you the tailor's book f 4. No, 

 Sir, I have the physician's book. 5. Have they the baker's bread? 

 6. They have the baker's bread and the miller's flour. 7. Hare you 

 the silver pencil-case ? 8. Yes, Sir, we have the silver pencil-case. 9. 

 Have we the horse's oats ? 10. You have the horse's oats and hay. 

 11. Who has the carpenter's cloth coat ? 12. The shoemaker has the 

 tailor's silk hat. 13. The tailor has the shoemaker's leather shoe. 14. 

 Have you the wooden table ? 15. Yea, Sir, I have the carpenter's 

 wooden table. 16. Have they the silver knife ? 17. They have the 

 silver knife. IS. The physician's brother has the silver watch. 19. 

 The shoemaker's sister has the silk dress. 20. Haa she the leather 

 shoe? 21. No, Madam, she has the satin shoe. 22. Have we the 

 woollen stocking ? 23. No, Sir, you have the tailor's silk stocking. 

 24. Who has the cotton stocking ? 25. The physician has the cotton 

 stocking. 26. The lady has the satin shoe of the baker's sister. 



GREAT BOOKS. 



IV.-SPENSEE'S "FAERY QUEENE." 



BETWEEN the death of Chaucer and the birth of Edmund 

 Spenser, about a century and a half elapsed. The former 

 quitted this world shortly after the accession of Henry IV. ; the 

 latter appears to have been born in the first year of the reign of 

 Queen Mary viz., 1553. The intervening period, though not 

 very long, had been full of change. With the Wars of the Roses, 

 feudalism had died, and the modern era followed with returning 

 peace. The Reformation had confidently challenged the power 

 of Rome ; printing had -been invented ; America had been dis- 

 covered. The English language had passed from its infancy 

 into its young manhood, and the English race had thoroughly 

 absorbed those foreign elements which had been introduced by 

 the Norman Conquest. Nevertheless, the echo of ancient 

 chivalry still lingered in the hearts of the people, and society 

 was yet gorgeous with the pageantries of courtly life. These 

 wero the influences which shaped the mind and character of 

 Spenser. He was an Englishman and a Protestant of the 

 sixteenth century. The many-coloured light of medievalism 

 was reflected from his genius, perhaps with the richer glory of 

 sunset ; but something of the modern spirit also speaks in his 

 clear and manly thought. Even more than Shakespeare, who 

 belonged to all times and countries, Spenser was a representa- 

 tive and type of the Elizabethan age to which he belonged. 



The life of this great poet was brief, considering the large 

 amount of work he executed. He died in 1599, when he could 

 not have been more than forty-six years old ; and it is sad to 

 reflect that his end was accelerated by grief and ruined 

 fortunes. He had gone to Ireland as secretary to the governor, 

 Lord Grey of Wilton, and Queen Elizabeth had given him 

 grant of three thousand acres of land in the county of Cork. 

 During the rebellion of Tyrone, which broke ont in 1598, 

 Spenser's house was sacked and burnt ; an infant child of the 

 poet perished in the flames, and the miserable parents escaped 

 to London, where, in King Street, Westminster, under the 

 shadow of the Abbey even then a venerable edifice Spenser 

 died very early in the following year. His only prose work is 

 descriptive of the state of Ireland as he saw it a masterly 

 treatise, applicable in some respects to the Ireland of the 

 present day. 



