LESSONS IN GREEK. 



IM 



7. Of atroi rout \ayvs tytSptvovfftr. 

 ouj. 'J. Of a*8pioi ayi)pa>' tToifOf 

 TO* oi/ t\ttay xif. H- ' fl '* T0tl > afltn 

 Af 7(Bofai airayouffj TOV irAffTO> Afwv u>rirp 

 O 2iaMioi 'Hp$ KoAouj TOWJ rpt<povffiv. 14. T 



8. 2/9o-0t TOVI i'Aj 



IfflV. l'. 



-ov. sense- 

 less. 



0, I name. 

 KOI, I please. 

 Bo/3vAo>fia, -ay, ?';, 



Babylon. 



Boir.Atios, -a, -of, 

 kingly, royal; TO 

 a<nAfia, the 



kindly buildings, 

 i.e.. the palace. 



ray 



EXERCISE 16. ENGLISH-GREEK. 



1. You build temples to the gods. 2. Temples are built to 



Is. :;. 1 t.uild a temple to God. 4. They walk on ropes. 



88. 6. Hares are hunted. 7. The Samians 



worship beautiful peacocks. 8. They worship the merciful God. 



9. God is merciful (gracious) to good men. 10. Huntsmen 



hunt hares. 11. Menelaus obtains deathless praise. 



VOCABULARY. 



ro^T7j, -ijy, r), a 07jpiov, -ov, TO, a 

 , lawful wife. wild beast. 



At Aoy, -T), -of, timid, , 'Itpoy, -a ,-ov , (gen.), 



cowardly. sacred, holy. 



E*<ppo>, I bring out, I IIAooy (irAoCy), -ov, 6, 



produce. a voyage. 



'EAtfTj.-rjy,^, Helen. nonjT7jy,-ov,6,apoet. 

 Bin (dat.), on ac- j 'PoSoSoKTi/Aos, -of , 



count of. rosy-fingered. 



EirtKtv SOfoy, -of, dan- STTJATJ, -?jy, i), a 



gerous. pillar. 



EXERCISE 17. GREEK-ENGLISH. 



1. Of ratf 'Upas itpot i}ffav. 2. 0atvuobfif MefeAewf eiri ry 

 apery 3. Of ironjTai TTJV 'Ew p'oSoSoKTuAof airayopevovffiv. 4. 

 'H a\i)6eia iroAAa/ciy OVK aptffKfi roi \e<f. 5. 'EAefTj nv 77 MeffAew 

 70MT7) 6. 'H BauAcf<a eK<pepei irO\\ovs raws. 7. f Toiy TWf 

 6fo>r yf$t iroAAai ffrr}\a,i etffiv. 8. Of Aa7a> SeiAa Qr}pia eunv. 9. 

 'O irspi TOf AOco irAous Tjf KIVOVVOS. 10. To /8oo-jAeta KaAa afaryew 



EXERCISE 18. ENGLISH-GREEK. 



1. Monclaus is admired on account of his bravery. 2. We 

 admire the rosy-fingered dawn. 3. Many peacocks are produced 

 in Babylon. 4. In the temple of Hera is a beautiful peacock. 

 5. Huntsmen catch peacocks. 6. Peacocks are caught by 

 huntsmen. 7. Good citizens avoid the senseless people. 



THE THIRD DECLENSION. 



The forms of the third declension in Greek are various, and 

 can bo learnt only by attentive practice. Some aid may, how- 

 ever, be given by means of classification. 



The variations occur mostly in the singular number, and in 

 the nominative and genitive cases. The forms of the nominative 

 singular, which ore numerous, will appear as we proceed, and 

 may therefore be omitted from this table of 



THE CASE-ENDINGS OF THE THIRD DECLENSION. 



Singular. Plural. Dual. 



Nom. 



Gen. 



Dat. 



Ace. 



Voc. 



<av 

 ffi (v) 



otv 

 oiv 





Neuter nouns have the nominative, the accusative, and the 

 vocative alike. The student who is acquainted with Latin wil 

 readily see how much this Greek third declension corresponds 

 with the Latin third declension. 



The terminations given above are affixed to the stem. The 

 stem is, in some words, the same as the nominative ; thus, 

 Aeijuwf, AeM&)f-oy, a meadow, where the ending oy is simply 

 added to Kti^uy. In masculine and feminine nouns, however, 

 the stem often appears in the nominative in an altered form. 

 When the stem is so altered, you must find it before you affix 

 the case-endings to it. In order to find the stem, remove the 

 genitive termination from the noun ; what remains is the stem ; 

 e.g., Kopa/coy (of a crow), the oy is the sign of the genitive, which 

 being removed, leaves Kopa/c as the stem ; and icopait is, for the 

 sake of euphony, lengthened in the nominative into tcopaxy, thai 

 is, Kopo| ; for the laws of sound in Greek endure at the end of a 

 word only these consonants, namely, v, p, ff ({, ty) ; the other 

 consonants are either changed or thrown away. Hence the r in 

 the stem of Xenophon is dropped, as s.fv<a<f>cavr-os, s.evca<f><oyr 

 ts.tvd>(p<i>y. Neuter nouns present the stem in the nominative 



Jut when a word ends in r, the r is either discarded or changed 

 into f ; as : 



Nominative. Genitive, 



itrrtpi, pepper; wtwtm-ai. 



<ru)ia, body; 

 TpaT, Tpoy, a prodigy; 



The accusative has v in masculines and feminine* ending in 

 vy, avs, and oi/y, the stems of which severally terminate in t, 

 v, av, and ov, as : 



Stem. Nom. Aee. 



jroAi, iroAts, a city; wo\ty. 



ftorpv, fiorpvs, a bunch of grapes; far pur. 



vav, fans, a Khip; yaw. 



f)ov, favs, an ox ; faw. 



If the stem ends in a consonant, a instead of f is found in the 

 accusative, as <pAe, <pAei|/, <pA)3a, a vein ; KOOOK, K0pa, xopox-o, 

 a raven ; Aa/iiro5, Aa/uiray, Aaftira5-a, a torch. 



The vocative is the same as the nominative or as the stem. 

 The genders of the third declension are best learnt by practice. 



The third declension may be distinguished from the first and 

 the second by the fact that it adds a syllable to the nominative, 

 while in them all the cases have the same number of syllables. 

 Nouns which have the same number of syllables in all the cases 

 are termed parisyllabic (in Latin par, equal), and nouns which 

 lengthen the genitive and the cases derived from it, are termed 

 imparisyllabic (Latin im [in], not). Hence the first and second 

 declensions are called parisyllabic, and the third is called impari- 

 syllabic. 



In order to facilitate the acquisition of a knowledge of the 

 nouns of the third declension, and to afford you thorough prac- 

 tice in them, I shall divide those nouns into several classes : * 



1. NOUNS WHOSE STEM ENDS IN A CONSONANT ; 



and of these I give in the first place 



a. Nouns of which the Nominative gives the pure Stem. 

 The case-endings are appended to the nominative. 

 Singular. 



Nectar. 



TO VflCTOp. 



yticrap-os 

 Vficrap-i. 



VfKTOp. 



yticrap. 



Plural. 



Nom. 



Gen. 



Dat. 



Ace. 



Voc. 



ira.ia.v-ts. 



traidv-ctiv. 



tra.ia.-ffi. 



iratdf-ay. 



TO<df-y. 



\ft/j.<i>-ffi. 



vtKTop-a. 



yfKTap-ay. 



vdcrap-o-i. 



V-fS. 



Dual. 



Vficrap-a. 



N.A.V. 

 G.D. 



iraiaV'f. 

 iraidv-otv. 



e.tyotfxavr-(. 



VfKTOp-f. 

 VfKTOp-OlV. 



The datives plural in full would be iraiavfft, Xftfiuva-i, s.tvo' 

 (fxavrin, but the v is dropped before o~t for the sake of euphony. 



AiroAAcuf, Apollo ; noo"iSf, Poseidon (in Latin, Neptunus), 

 are declined thus : AiroAAoif, AiroAAwv-oy, AroAAf-, AoA- 

 Ao>f-o, also AiroAAo>-o and AiroAAw, thus making the accusative 

 sinp ular in AiroAAoi ; so Iloo-t5a>. 



AwoAAwf, IIo<rj5a>f, and o-tarrip, a deliverer, Saviour, have the 

 short vowel in the vocative, as <a An-oAAof, a TlofffiSuv, o> fftartp. 

 The neuters of this subdivision end in p (op, op, tap, vp) ; TO 

 iriip, fire, has rov irvpoy. 



VOCABULARY. 

 riyvoiffKca, I know. 

 'EAArjf, o, a Greek. 

 'HSecoy, pleasantly, 



with pleasure. 

 6oAia, -ay, i;, a rich 

 t\;i-t. 



AiSto. I sing. 

 AvayiyvwffKw, I know 



again, recognise, 



read. 

 BijSAiov, -ov, TO, a 



book(Eng.,Bible). 



aAAo), I bloom, flou- 

 rish. 



07jp, -oy, o, a wild 

 beasfc- 



Ki0opa, -as, i], a 

 harp. 



* This arrangement is taken from the " Elemcntargram matik' der 

 Oriechischen Sprache," von Dr. Raphael Kahner, 13th edit., HannoTer, 

 1852 ; to which most popular work, as well as to Dr. Kuhner'* Latin 

 Manuals, the writer is much indebted. 



