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THE POPULAR EDUCATOR 



The inarch back to the north was swift though orderly, and 

 as soon as ever it was known that the retreat had begun, the 

 Duke of Cumberland and Marshal Wade moved northward in 

 pursuit. On the 18th of December the duke's advance came up 

 with the rear-guard of the Highlanders near Lowther Hall, and 

 gained a slight advantage over it, the main body of the rebels 

 crossing the Esk on the 20th and 21st, after leaving the Man- 

 chester regiment in garrison at Carlisle. By the 23rd they 

 reached Glasgow, and thence moved to join the army under 

 Lord John Drnmmond, Lord Lewis Gordon, and the Master of 

 Lovat, in order to make a combined attack on Stirling. General 

 Hawley, who commanded the English troops in Scotland, 

 attempted to release Stirling of the quasi siege which the Pre- 

 tender laid to it, and suffered a discreditable defeat in his 

 attempt. Fresh efforts were made in England to crush the 

 insurrection, and the Duke of Cumberland was sent down to 

 Scotland to take the chief command. After a short stay in 

 Edinburgh, he relieved Stirling, on the 2nd of February, 1746, 

 and strained every nerve to overtake the enemy, who had once 

 more set off in their retreat northwards, and towards the end 

 of the month made themselves masters of Inverness and of 

 Fort George which protected it. An ineffectual siege was laid 

 to Fort William, after which the Pretender had enough to do to 

 collect his men to oppose the royal troops, who were gradually 

 converging upon him at Inverness. 



On the 16th of April, the Duke of Cumberland having come 

 up with the rebels' main army at Cnlloden, gave orders for an 

 immediate attack, which was made with infantry, cavalry, and 

 artillery, upon the ill-conditioned force of the enemy. With 

 singular valour the Highlanders fought against great odds, and 



for a while contested the fortune of the day; but after an 

 obstinate battle, in which very many of their men perished, 

 they were utterly routed. The Pretender fled for his life, and 

 many of his followers fell into the hands of their enemies. 



How the Duke of Cumberland behaved after the battle, how 

 he won the surname of "the Butcher," and how, after Culloden, 

 the Stuart cause was lost for ever, we have not space to show. 

 It is certain that the Stuart cause was now irretrievably lost. 

 Prisoners were taken in batches, those who were not summarily 

 dealt with by martial law being handed over for trial to special 

 commissions of gaol delivery, by whom great numbers were 

 sentenced to death, while many more were transported for life. 

 The Earl of Kilmarnock, Lord Balmerino, and Lord Lovat 

 suffered on Tower Hill, after trial and condemnation by the 

 House of Lords ; many officers and gentlemen of less degree 

 were hanged, drawn, and quartered, and their limbs were 

 exposed in various cities of the kingdom. Prince Charles 

 Edward, after undergoing great hardship and privation, living 

 in incessant fear of being discovered, and roaming about from 

 place to place in order to escape pursuit, was rescued from his 

 forlorn situation on the 1 8th of September by two French men- 

 of-war. On the 29th he landed in Prance, and subsisted during 

 the rest of his life on the French king's bounty. 



He was the last of his race who ventured to dispute the right 

 of the British nation to dispose of the crown, and when he 

 died, in 1788, without issue, there was no one left, except his 

 brother, Henry Benedict, the Cardinal York, to perpetuate his 

 claims. Since the battle of Culloden the House of Hanover has 

 reigned in peace at home, by the grace of God and the will 

 of the people. 



LESSONS IN BOOKKEEPING. XII. 



SUBSIDIARY BOOKS THE DAY BOOK. 



IN the following Day-Book, the entries of the Purchases and 

 Sales of Cotton, detailed in the Memoranda of Transactions, are 

 entered in the proper Dr. and Cr. form, and in business they 

 would constitute the original record of these transactions. The 

 original documents relating to these transactions would, of 

 course, be found in the Invoice Book ; those relating to Pur- 



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DAT BOOK. 



chases, in the Invoice Book inward ; and those relating to Sales, 

 in the Invoice Book outward- the former consisting of the actual 

 invoices sent in with the goods, which are usually pasted in a 

 Blue Paper Book, or folded, endorsed, and put away in bundles ; 

 the latter consisting of exact copies of the actual invoices sent 

 out with goods, generally taken in a copying-press. 



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