282 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



depressing them. Since these plates are not attached to all 

 the segments, but are only appendages to some of them, while 

 the intermediate ones are furnished with gills, which lie under 

 the felt, the reader will observe that there will be a chamber 

 between the felt-like roof and the proper dorsal wall of the 

 animal. In this chamber the delicate gills of the animal are 

 protected from being bruised, and fresh filtered water is supplied 

 to them in the following manner. When the plates are slowly 

 erected, or removed from the back, water flows through their 

 porous substance, and when they are drawn rapidly down, the 

 water is forced backward along the whole length of the back, 

 laving the gill fringes, and passing out behind. 



The animals we have hitherto described are grouped together 

 under the title Errantia, or wandering animals, because they 

 are capable of locomotion ; but other families occupy protective 

 tubes, made of particles of sand glued together, or of compact 

 carbonate of lime. In accordance with this mode of life, all the 

 feelers and all the respiratory organs have to be crowded together 

 around the head, which alone projects from the tube. These 

 tube-inhabiting worms furnish a striking instance of the method 

 in which Nature exhibits the plan of structure of animals, even 

 when circumstances necessitate a fundamental modification of 

 that plan, for the rudiments of feet and gills are found all along 

 the body, even when that body is so enclosed that they can be of 

 no use. In such cases the rudiments are reduced to the smallest 

 possible dimensions, yet there they remain to indicate the 

 affinities of the animal. 



The common earth-worm has no external gills, and instead 

 of close-set bundles of setae or bristles which act as oars, it has 

 only eight thorn-like locomotive organs on the under side of 

 each segment. These can be protruded or retracted, and the 

 animal makes use of them as holders to prevent one part of 

 the body being dragged back while the other is drawn up to it 

 by muscular contraction. 



The leech is the type of another large family. Its skin is 

 perfectly smooth ; and, being deprived of the means of pro- 

 gression enjoyed by its neighbours, it is compensated by having 

 at each end of its body a sucking disk, with which it walks. 

 In it the abdominal cavity is obliterated, for though the main 

 tube of the stomach is small as compared to the tube of the 

 body, and septa unite them as in other annelids, yet, as will be 

 seen in the engraving, this tube sends forth lateral pockets, 

 which swell outward till they come in opposition to the skin to 

 which they are united. 



The use of the leech is so widely recognised that the demand 

 for these animals ia enormous, many millions of them being 

 imported into this country annually. It is difficult to conceive 

 of an animal better suited to the surgeon's purpose. It makes 

 a puncture with its three compound teeth shaped like the 

 letter T ; and this is of such a nature that while it admits of 

 the free flow of the blood while suction is going on, yet but 

 little drains away afterwards. Again, the creature always fills 

 itself to repletion, though its stomach is, of course, of limited 

 capacity, so that a certain number of leeches applied always 

 indicates a definite amount of blood abstracted. These con- 

 veniences, united with the fact that leeches often die after 

 gorging themselves, have led some to suppose that Providence 

 created the leech on purpose for blood-letting. It may be so ; 

 but if so, it is the only instance in which a species is known to 

 sacrifice its own welfare for the benefit of another species. 



The class Annelida may be divided into orders thus : 



1. Suetoria, of which the leech is a type. 



2. Scolecina, of which the earth-worm is a type. 



3. Tiibicolce, of which the serpula is a type. 



4. Errantia, of which the lob-worin and sea-worms are types. 



LESSONS IN GERMAN. XXXII. 



SECTION LXII. IDIOMS OF VARIOUS KINDS. 



tlucf; (also) often corresponds to our word "ever" in compounds; 

 as -. o grop er aucf; ifl, tcf; anil e8 bod; mit tfim aufnefjmen, however 

 big he is, I will enter into the contest with him (literally, take 

 it up with him). 2Ber er aucf; fein mag, whoever he may be. 2Ba8 

 er aucf; fagen mag, whatever he may say. 



Sometimes it is best translated by " even," as : 2Benn er aucf; 

 tran! ift, fo will id; tf)m bocf; nict;t f;elfen, even if he is sick, neverthe- 

 less I will not help him. 



1. elfcft, when it precedes the subject or the object, is like- 

 wise generally rendered by "even," as : elbft ber Sob trennte fte 

 mcf)t, even death did not separate them, elifi ba3 2Btebcrfel;en 

 fetner Sreunte scrmoctyte ntcfjt, tfjn ju crf;eitern, even the meeting again, 

 of his friends was not able to cheer him. 



2lb'f)alten, to hinder. 



Slrmutf;, /. poverty. 



Sluf'nefymen, to take 

 up, to contest. 



2lu'jjcnfctte, /. exterior. 



2lu8'mal;len, to select, 

 choose out. 



SSettn'gung, /. con- 

 dition, proviso, 

 terms. 



aSeglet'tung, /. atten- 

 dants, escort. 



93ef;ar'ren,to persevere 



RESUME OP EXAMPLES. 



2ln'6,altenb fall'ente SfBaff'evtrcpfcn 



f)of)lm mit ter 3cit fogar' einen 



tetn au8. 

 o fcfjnier aucf) tie 5JJriifwng fur tl)n 



roar, fo I)at er fte beef; beftan'tcn. 

 SBenn aucf> tie SBelt un'tcrgefyen 



felltc, fo toill tcf; bennocf; auf ten 



errn tvauen. 

 2Ber er aucf) fein mag, unb voai er 



aucf) fein mag, tcf; furcate mtcf; 



nicfjt or tfmt. 

 o triel aucf; tie 8eute fiber tf)n 



fpractyen, fo mujjten fie bocf; alle 



feine -Sanb'lungen btll'igen. 



Perpetually falling water-drops, 

 in time hollow out even a 

 stone. 



Severe as the trial was for him, 

 he nevertheless stood it. 



Even if the world should be 

 wrecked, I will still trust on 

 (in) the Lord. 



Whoever he may be, and what- 

 ever he may be, I do not fear 

 him. 



However much people spoke of 

 (about) him, they were yet 

 obliged to approve his actions. 



EXERCISE 118. 



1. ogar tie (Sieger prtefen bte Safeferfeit ter SBeftegten. 2. <Der efang 

 rufyrtc fogar tie fjarteften emutfyct. 3. 3Me one tcr 2J2uft! ttangen 

 fogar b\3 an unfcre Dfyren. 4. dftan faun fogar f)ter baS fropcfje Sacben 

 ter Winter fjoren. 5. 2Bte fann man on Slnbern serlangen, teas man 

 felbft ntcfjt tfmn mag ? 6. Oftan muf fief; felbft acbtcn. 7. 2)a Unfraut 

 n>acf;ft son felbfi, ofyne tap man eS fact unb pflegt. " 8. >ie '2lrmutf) fctbft 

 fell mtcb mcf;t abfjalten, retlicf; ju fjanbeln. 9. 2Benn aucf; fie micf; er* 

 iaffen, tann fyabe tcf; feinen Srcunb mel)r. 10. O, tt>enn aucf; tiefe 3ctt 

 fcboit ta ware ! 11. SSBenn er aucf) eine rautyc Slujienfette f)at, fo l)at er 

 tccf; ein gefu6>olle erj. 12. 2Benn 3f)r and; tiefeS tfjut, tann and id; 

 (Srucf; gut Mofyncn. 13. @o siel aucf) Surer ftnb, tcf; nefyme e mit jctem 

 auf. 14. o "aid aucf; J&etnrirf; arbeitet, fo brtngt er tod; mcf;t fertig. 

 15. @o mef er aucf; fpracf), fie gotten it;n tod; mcf;t. 16. 2BaS aucf; 

 gefcf)el)en mag, icf) ftierte tfyin treu Meioen. 17. 2BaS aucf; fur ftacf;ricf;tcn 

 fommen, fte werben nicf;t mutfyloS. 18. 2Ca aucf; mein gvcunb bcginnt, 

 er f>it fein luct. 19. 2Ba c8 aucf; fein mag, iftiemant foil e crfal)ren. 

 20. r f;at fogar ntcf;t ett genug, urn 33rob ju faufen. 21. 2Bir tnuffen 

 3eterman lieben, felbfl unfere Seinte. 22. Scf; fann fclbfl unter btefen 

 Sektngungen Sfyren aGorfcf;[ag nicf;t annel;men. 23. <r fonnte fogar untev 

 alien Sucf;ern ba fcfjonfte augmaf;len. 



EXERCISE 119. 



1. Whatever he may say, I shall persevere. 2. Even with 

 that profit they were not contented. 3. The mishap of this 

 family was so great, that they even asked assistance of strangers. 

 4. I shall not depart with attendants even. 5. The moon doe? 

 not give us so much light as the sun, even when she shines the 

 brightest. 6. Whatever your friend may be, you will not obtain 

 it. 7. Whoever this young lady be, she is very rude. 8. 

 However cunning they may be, they are sometimes mistaken. 



9. Great as my poverty may be, I shall not become disheartened. 



10. Whatever the news may be, impart it to me. 11. Whatever 

 advantages may be offered te him, he will not accept of them. 



12. Whatever faults he may have committed, I will forgive him. 



13. Even in the heat of the battle, and amidst the roar of can- 

 nons, the commander rode quietly to and fro. 14. However 

 great my misfortune may be, nobody shall perceive it. 15. Even 

 the king must obey the law. 16. Even my adversary praised 

 mv valour. 



